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PP296 Patient Involvement In An Assessment Of The Management Of Sudden Onset Severe Headache Presenting To The Emergency Department
- Ros Wade, Matthew Walton, Melissa Harden, Robert Hodgson, Alison Eastwood, James Storey, Taj Hassan, Marc Randall, Abu Hassan, John Williams
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 37 / Issue S1 / December 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 December 2021, p. 33
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Introduction
Sudden onset severe headache is usually caused by a primary headache disorder but may be secondary to a more serious problem, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Very few patients who present to hospital with headache have suffered a SAH, but early identification is important to improve patient outcomes. A systematic review was undertaken to assess the clinical effectiveness of different care pathways for the management of headache, suspicious for SAH, in the Emergency Department. Capturing the perspective of patients was an important part of the research.
MethodsThe project team included a patient collaborator with experience of presenting to the Emergency Department with sudden onset severe headache. Three additional patients were recruited to our advisory group. The patient's perspective was collected at various points through the project including at team meetings, during protocol development and when interpreting the results of the systematic review and drawing conclusions.
ResultsPatients were reassured by the very high diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) for detecting SAH. Patients and clinicians emphasized the importance of shared decision making about whether to undergo additional tests to rule out SAH, after a negative CT result. When lumbar puncture was necessary, patients expressed a preference to have it on an ambulatory basis; further research on the safety and acceptability of ambulatory lumbar puncture was recommended.
ConclusionsPatient input at the protocol development stage helped researchers understand the patient experience and highlighted important outcomes for assessment. Patient involvement added context to the review findings and highlighted the preferences of patients regarding the management of headache.
PP297 Management Of Sudden Onset Severe Headache Presenting To The Emergency Department: A Systematic Review
- Ros Wade, Matthew Walton, Melissa Harden, Robert Hodgson, Alison Eastwood, James Storey, Taj Hassan, Marc Randall, Abu Hassan, John Williams
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 37 / Issue S1 / December 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 December 2021, pp. 33-34
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Introduction
Sudden onset severe headache is usually caused by a primary headache disorder but occasionally is secondary to a more serious problem, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Guidelines recommend non-contrast brain computed tomography (CT) followed by lumbar puncture (LP) to exclude SAH. However, guidelines pre-date the introduction of more sensitive modern CT scanners. A systematic review was undertaken to assess the clinical effectiveness of different care pathways for the management of headache in the Emergency Department.
MethodsEighteen databases (including MEDLINE and Embase) were searched to February 2020. Studies were quality assessed using criteria relevant to the study design; most studies were assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool for diagnostic accuracy studies. Where sufficient information was reported, diagnostic accuracy data were extracted into 2 × 2 tables to calculate sensitivity, specificity, false-positive and false-negative rates. Where possible, hierarchical bivariate meta-analysis was used to synthesize results, otherwise studies were synthesized narratively.
ResultsFifty-one studies were included in the review. Eight studies assessing the accuracy of the Ottawa SAH clinical decision rule were pooled; sensitivity was 99.5 percent, specificity was 23.7 percent. The high false positive rate suggests that 76.3 percent SAH-negative patients would undergo further investigation unnecessarily. Four studies assessing the accuracy of CT within six hours of headache onset were pooled; sensitivity was 98.7 percent, specificity was 100 percent. CT sensitivity beyond six hours was considerably lower (≤90%; 2 studies). Three studies assessing LP following negative CT were pooled; sensitivity was 100 percent, specificity was 95.2 percent. LP-related adverse events were reported in 5.3–9.5 percent of patients.
ConclusionsThe evidence suggests that the Ottawa SAH Rule is not sufficiently accurate for ruling out SAH and does little to aid clinical decision making. Modern CT within six hours of headache onset (with images assessed by a neuroradiologist) is highly accurate, but sensitivity reduces considerably over time. The CT-LP pathway is highly sensitive for detecting SAH, although LP resulted in some false-positives and adverse events.
Enhancing the potential effects of text messages delivered via an m-health intervention to improve packing of healthy school lunchboxes
- Alison Brown, Rachel Sutherland, Lisa Janssen, Nayerra Hudson, Amelia Chooi, Renee Reynolds, Alison Walton, Christophe Lecathelinais, Kathryn Reilly, Nicole Nathan, Luke Wolfenden
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 24 / Issue 10 / July 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 October 2020, pp. 2867-2876
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Objective:
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of different lunchbox messages on parents’ intention to pack a healthy lunchbox.
Design:This study employed an experimental design.
Setting:A series of messages were developed to align with the six constructs of the Health Belief Model. Messages were also developed that were (and were not) personalised and varied based on the source of the information provided (university, school, dietitian and health promotion service). During a telephone survey, participants were read the content of each message and asked about their intention to pack a healthy lunchbox.
Participants:Parents of primary school-aged children were randomised to receive different messages to encourage the packing of healthy lunchboxes.
Results:The study was completed by 511 parents. Linear mixed regression analyses identified significant differences (P < 0·05) in intention scores between variant messages targeting the same behavioural constructs for ‘susceptibility’, ‘severity’, ‘benefits’ and ‘barriers’ but not ‘cues to action’ or ‘self-efficacy’. The highest mean behavioural intention score was for ‘benefits’, whilst the lowest mean score was for ‘barriers’. There were no significant differences in intention scores of parents receiving messages from a dietitian, university, health promotion team or school (P = 0·37). Intention scores did not differ in which messages were personalised based on child’s name (P = 0·84) or grade level (P = 0·54).
Conclusions:The findings suggest that messages that focus on the benefits of packing healthy lunchboxes may be particularly useful in improving intentions of parents to pack healthy foods for their children to consume at school.
A cross-sectional study to determine the energy density and nutritional quality of primary-school children’s lunchboxes
- Rachel Sutherland, Nicole Nathan, Alison Brown, Serene Yoong, Renee Reynolds, Alison Walton, Lisa Janssen, Clare Desmet, Christophe Lecathelinais, Karen Gillham, Vanessa Herrmann, Luke Wolfenden
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 23 / Issue 6 / April 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 January 2020, pp. 1108-1116
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Objective:
The present study describes the energy content of primary-school children’s lunchboxes and the proportion of lunchbox foods considered discretionary. Subgroup analyses by sex, socio-economic status, age and weight status were undertaken.
Design:A cross-sectional study was conducted. Mean kilojoule content, number of items and categorisation of foods and drinks in lunchboxes as ‘everyday’ (healthy) or discretionary (sometimes) foods were assessed via a valid and reliable lunchbox observational audit.
Setting:Twelve Catholic primary schools (Kindergarten–Grade 6) located in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia.
Participants:Kindergarten to Grade 6 primary-school students.
Results:In total, 2143 children (57 %) had parental consent to have their lunchboxes observed. School lunchboxes contained a mean of 2748 kJ, of which 61·2 % of energy was from foods consistent with the Australian Dietary Guidelines and 38·8 % of energy was discretionary foods. The proportion of lunchboxes containing only healthy foods was 12 %. Children in Kindergarten–Grade 2 packed more servings of ‘everyday’ foods (3·32 v. 2·98, P < 0·01) compared with children in Grades 3–6. Children in Grades 3–6 had a higher percentage of energy from discretionary foods (39·1 v. 33·8 %, P < 0·01) compared with children in Kindergarten–Grade 2 and children from the most socio-economically disadvantaged areas had significantly higher total kilojoules in the school lunchbox compared with the least disadvantaged students (2842 v. 2544 kJ, P = 0·03).
Conclusions:Foods packed within school lunchboxes may contribute to energy imbalance. The development of school policies and population-based strategies to support parents overcome barriers to packing healthy lunchboxes are warranted.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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The Enquiring Minds Project at Staffordshire University: Integrating Information Literacy into the Curriculum and Assessment
- Alison Pope, Keith Puttick, Geoff Walton
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- Journal:
- Legal Information Management / Volume 10 / Issue 2 / June 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2010, pp. 104-108
- Print publication:
- June 2010
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Alison Pope, Keith Puttick and Geoff Walton have been involved in the information literacy aspects of a project to help students improve their research skills and they report on this and the wider current debates on information literacy with an emphasis throughout on legal research skills.
14 - Using Web 2.0 to enhance the Staffordshire University Assignment Survival Kit (ASK)
- from Part 3 - Library 2.0 and IL in practice 75
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- By Julie Adams, Staffordshire University, Alison Pope, Staffordshire University, Geoff Walton, Staffordshire University
- Edited by Peter Godwin, Jo Parker
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- Information Literacy Meets Library 2.0
- Published by:
- Facet
- Published online:
- 08 June 2018
- Print publication:
- 15 March 2008, pp 139-150
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Summary
Introduction
ASK is a web-based tool designed to support undergraduate students encountering their first assignment. In June 2007 it was awarded the CILIP University, College and Research Group (UC&R) Award for Innovation. ASK is the work of the Information Literacy Project Working Group within Staffordshire University (SU) Information Services (IS). The ASK team includes librarians, information professionals, IT developers and e-learning experts. The software was created by the complete adaptation of open source software used by the University of Minnesota in their Assignment Calculator. Scripts were re-used and rewritten to allow local relevance, for example, UK date and time format. The software, viewable at www.staffs.ac.uk/ask, links to a number of useful learning support web pages both internal and external to the University (see Figure 14.1 on page 140).
At present ASK is at the end of Phase 1 of its development. The software is generic and web based in its approach but we intend to develop it further by investigating the feasibility of integrating Web 2.0 functionality. The team were mindful that the wish to add new Web 2.0 functionality needed to be balanced against the success and usability of the current product and any changes/additions must add to the flexibility of ASK without alienating those who prefer a simple approach. Czarnecki's (Anon, 2007) statement that ‘we are always in a state of [constant] beta’ when using Web 2.0 implies that, by definition, there is no best way to ‘Web 2.0’ an existing application, so the emphasis initially will be on allowing students to opt in to some of the new functionality, rather than forcing it on them in its entirety. ASK does, however, already fit with the Web 2.0 philosophy of openness and sharing and this will be retained in Phase 2 through the application of a Creative Commons licence.
Phase 1 development pre-Web 2.0
The first task was to agree an appropriate IL structure for ASK which would meet the needs of SU students. Informed deliberations within the IL Project Group concluded that IL models have many similarities and few differences, a view shared by Owusu-Ansah (2003) and Andretta (2005). This is to some extent unsurprising as many are drawn from the ACRL (ALA) model (2000) or are a synthesis of a number of existing models.