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Transmission ecology of taeniid larval cestodes in rodents in Sweden, a low endemic area for Echinococcus multilocularis
- ANDREA L. MILLER, GERT E. OLSSON, SOFIA SOLLENBERG, MARION R. WALBURG, MOA SKARIN, JOHAN HÖGLUND
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 144 / Issue 8 / July 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 March 2017, pp. 1041-1051
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Although local prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis may be high, this zoonotic parasite has an overall low prevalence in foxes and rodents in Sweden. To better understand opportunities for E. multilocularis transmission in the Swedish environment, the aim of this study was to investigate other taeniid cestodes and to relate observed patterns to E. multilocularis. Cestode parasites were examined in fox feces and rodents caught in different habitats from four regions of Sweden. Arvicola amphibius and Microtus agrestis were parasitized with Versteria mustelae, Hydatigera taeniaeformis s. l., and E. multilocularis, whereas Myodes glareolus and Apodemus spp. were parasitized with V. mustelae, Taenia polyacantha, H. taeniaeformis s.l., and Mesocestoides spp. Rodents caught in field habitat (Ar. amphibius, Mi. agrestis) were more likely (OR 10, 95% CI 5–19) to be parasitized than rodents caught in forest habitat (My. glareolus, Apodemus spp.). The parasite preference for each rodent species was present regardless of the type of background contamination from fox feces. These results further support the importance of both ecological barriers and individual species susceptibility in parasite transmission, and indicate that future monitoring for E. multilocularis in the Swedish environment should focus in field habitats where Mi. agrestis and Ar. amphibius are abundant.
4 - Machine-type communications
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- By Joachim Sachs, Ericsson, Petar Popovski, Aalborg University, Andreas Höglund, Ericsson, David Gozalvez-Serrano, BMW, Peter Fertl, BMW
- Edited by Afif Osseiran, Jose F. Monserrat, Patrick Marsch
- Foreword by Mischa Dohler, King's College London, Takehiro Nakamura
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- Book:
- 5G Mobile and Wireless Communications Technology
- Published online:
- 05 June 2016
- Print publication:
- 02 June 2016, pp 77-106
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Summary
Introduction
Machine-Type Communication (MTC) denotes the broad area of wireless communication with sensors, actuators, physical objects and other devices not directly operated by humans. Different types of radio access technologies are targeting MTC (see [1]). For Long Term Evolution (LTE), it has emerged as an important communication mode during the recent standard evolution. The research and development efforts made to enhance LTE in a way to support MTC clearly indicate the need for the wireless system architecture to address MTC. As the role of MTC is expected to grow in the future, there is a good opportunity in the development of a 5G wireless system to address MTC from the very beginning in the system design.
This chapter is organized in the following way. Section 4.1 outlines some of the most important use cases for MTC and categorizes MTC into the groups of massive MTC (mMTC) and ultra-reliable and low-latency MTC (uMTC). The requirements for these two MTC categories are defined. Section 4.2 describes some fundamental techniques for MTC. Sections 4.3 and 4.4 address mMTC and uMTC respectively and explain the corresponding design principles and technology components. Section 4.5 summarizes the chapter.
Use cases and categorization of MTC
The general use case of low-rate MTC
MTC use cases exist in a wide range of areas. They are mainly related to large numbers of sensors monitoring some system state or events, potentially with some form of actuation to control an environment. One example is automation of buildings and homes, where the state e.g. of the lighting, heating, ventilation and air condition, energy consumption, are observed and/or controlled. There are also wide area use cases, such as environmental monitoring over larger areas, monitoring of some infrastructure (e.g. roads, industrial environments, ports), available parking spaces in cities, management of object fleets (e.g. rental vehicles/bicycles), asset tracking in logistics, monitoring and assistance of patients. There are use cases that comprise remote areas, such as in smart agriculture. In the context of the use cases described in Chapter 2, MTC appears as an important, if not the crucial, element in (1) autonomous vehicle control, (3) factory cell automation, (6) massive amount of geographically spread devices, (10) smart city, (12) teleprotection in smart grid network and (15) smart logistics/remote control of industry applications.
2 - 5G use cases and system concept
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- By Hugo Tullberg, Ericsson, Mikael Fallgren, Ericsson, Katsutoshi Kusume, NTT DOCOMO, Andreas Höglund, Ericsson
- Edited by Afif Osseiran, Jose F. Monserrat, Patrick Marsch
- Foreword by Mischa Dohler, King's College London, Takehiro Nakamura
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- Book:
- 5G Mobile and Wireless Communications Technology
- Published online:
- 05 June 2016
- Print publication:
- 02 June 2016, pp 21-49
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Summary
In the 5G vision, access to information and sharing of data are possible anywhere and anytime to anyone and anything. 5G expands the usage of human-centric communications to include both human-centric and machine-centric communications. Mobile and wireless communication will increasingly become the primary way for humans and machines to access information and services. This will lead to socio-economic changes not yet imaginable, including improvements in productivity, sustainability, entertainment and well-being.
To make this vision a reality, the capabilities of 5G systems must extend far beyond those of previous generations. 5G systems must exhibit greater flexibility than previous generations, and involve farther-reaching integration including not only the traditional radio access networks, but also core network, transport and application layers. Altogether, this requires a new way of thinking in 5G wireless access, network architecture and applications.
In this chapter, first, the needs of the end users are described in terms of use cases and requirements, and then an overview of the 5G system concept meeting these user needs is given.
Use cases and requirements
This section provides the vision based on the expected societal development toward the year 2020 and beyond from the end-user perspective described in Chapter 1. Concrete use cases that have specific goals and challenges are provided. To achieve the goals and to overcome the challenges, there are certain specific requirements for 5G systems to meet. A collection of diverse use cases gives a set of challenging requirements that have to be fulfilled by 5G systems. The material below is largely based on [1]–[8]. The technical solutions to address these requirements are then discussed in the later chapters of this book.
Use cases
In this section, the most relevant 5G use cases are presented. Further, the challenges and requirements for each of these are named. As mentioned in Chapter 1, 5G will become a cornerstone in many of the economic sectors. Table 2.1 shows as an example how the addressed use cases map onto the major economic sectors. It should be noted that the list of use cases is far from being exhaustive. Only the most relevant ones from technical and business perspective are given. Finally, some of the use cases can be considered as a set of use cases (e.g. smart city or public safety).
Chemical strategies for development of ATR inhibitors
- Sabin Llona-Minguez, Andreas Höglund, Sylvain A. Jacques, Tobias Koolmeister, Thomas Helleday
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- Journal:
- Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine / Volume 16 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 May 2014, e10
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ATR protein kinase is one of the key players in maintaining genome integrity and coordinating of the DNA damage response and repair signalling pathways. Inhibition of ATR prevents signalling from stalled replication forks and enhances the formation of DNA damage, particularly under conditions of replication stress present in cancers. For this reason ATR/CHK1 checkpoint inhibitors can potentiate the effect of DNA cross-linking agents, as evidenced by ATR inhibitors recently entering human clinical trials. This review aims to compile the existing literature on small molecule inhibitors of ATR, both from academia and the pharmaceutical industry, and will provide the reader with a comprehensive summary of this promising oncology target.