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54 results

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  • Excellent school performance at age 16 and risk of adult bipolar disorder: national cohort study

  • James H. MacCabe, Mats P. Lambe, Sven Cnattingius, Pak C. Sham, Anthony S. David, Abraham Reichenberg, Robin M. Murray, Christina M. Hultman
  • Journal:
    The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 196 / Issue 2 / February 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2018, pp. 109-115
    Print publication:
    February 2010
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  • Background

    Anecdotal and biographical reports suggest that bipolar disorder may be associated with high IQ or creativity, but evidence for any such connection is weak.

    Aims

    To investigate possible associations between scholastic achievement and later bipolar disorder, using prospective data, in a whole-population cohort study.

    Method

    Using individual school grades from all individuals finishing compulsory schooling in Sweden between 1988 and 1997, we tested associations between scholastic achievement at age 15–16 and hospital admission for psychosis between ages 17 and 31, adjusting for potential confounders.

    Results

    Individuals with excellent school performance had a nearly fourfold increased risk of later bipolar disorder compared with those with average grades (hazard ratio HR = 3.79, 95% CI 2.11–6.82). This association appeared to be confined to males. Students with the poorest grades were also at moderately increased risk of bipolar disorder (HR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.06–3.28).

    Conclusions

    These findings provide support for the hypothesis that exceptional intellectual ability is associated with bipolar disorder.

  • Dust and the art of Galactic map making

  • Douglas J. Marshall, Gilles Joncas, Anthony P. Jones, Annie C. Robin, Céline Reylé, Mathias Schultheis
  • Journal:
    Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 5 / Issue H15 / November 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 October 2010, p. 782
    Print publication:
    November 2009
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  • A Galactic model of stellar population synthesis is used along with a genetic algorithm to reconstruct the three dimensional dust distribution in the Milky Way. We have applied this technique towards over 1500 IRDC cloud candidates, for which we recovered distances and masses for 1259 of them. Aside from giving us the distance to the dust, the three dimensional extinction map also provides us with a temperature independent measure of its density. This new method is independent of any kinematical information, thus providing a new way to obtain information on the Galactic distribution of the ISM. It is a good complement to existing measures which are solely based on molecular gas kinematics as both methods are completely independent and both are affected by different systematics. It will be able to provide valuable distance information for use in the analysis and interpretation of far-infrared and sub-millimetre observations by Herschel and Planck. In the future it could be used with deeper stellar observations or observations at longer wavelengths in order to probe even higher density clouds and to even larger distances.

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