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17 results

  • Social isolation from childhood to mid-adulthood: is there an association with older brain age?

  • Roy Lay-Yee, Ahmad R. Hariri, Annchen R. Knodt, Ashleigh Barrett-Young, Timothy Matthews, Barry J. Milne
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 16 / December 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 July 2023, pp. 7874-7882
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  • Background

    Older brain age – as estimated from structural MRI data – is known to be associated with detrimental mental and physical health outcomes in older adults. Social isolation, which has similar detrimental effects on health, may be associated with accelerated brain aging though little is known about how different trajectories of social isolation across the life course moderate this association. We examined the associations between social isolation trajectories from age 5 to age 38 and brain age assessed at age 45.

    Methods

    We previously created a typology of social isolation based on onset during the life course and persistence into adulthood, using group-based trajectory analysis of longitudinal data from a New Zealand birth cohort. The typology comprises four groups: ‘never-isolated’, ‘adult-only’, ‘child-only’, and persistent ‘child-adult’ isolation. A brain age gap estimate (brainAGE) – the difference between predicted age from structural MRI date and chronological age – was derived at age 45. We undertook analyses of brainAGE with trajectory group as the predictor, adjusting for sex, family socio-economic status, and a range of familial and child-behavioral factors.

    Results

    Older brain age in mid-adulthood was associated with trajectories of social isolation after adjustment for family and child confounders, particularly for the ‘adult-only’ group compared to the ‘never-isolated’ group.

    Conclusions

    Although our findings are associational, they indicate that preventing social isolation, particularly in mid-adulthood, may help to avert accelerated brain aging associated with negative health outcomes later in life.

  • APS 2-ID Microprobes: Status and Future Plans

  • Barry Lai, Dana Capatina, Chris Roehrig, Olga Antipova, Zhonghou Cai, Si Chen, Junjing Deng
  • Journal:
    / Volume 24 / Issue S2 / August 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 August 2018, pp. 330-331
    Print publication:
    August 2018
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  • Engineering solar cells based on correlative X-ray microscopy

  • Michael Stuckelberger, Bradley West, Tara Nietzold, Barry Lai, Jörg M. Maser, Volker Rose, Mariana I. Bertoni
  • Journal:
    Journal of Materials Research / Volume 32 / Issue 10 / 26 May 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 May 2017, pp. 1825-1854
    Print publication:
    26 May 2017

  • In situ and operando measurement techniques combined with nanoscale resolution have proven invaluable in multiple fields of study. We argue that evaluating device performance as well as material behavior by correlative X-ray microscopy with <100 nm resolution can radically change the approach for optimizing absorbers, interfaces and full devices in solar cell research. In this article, we thoroughly discuss the measurement technique of X-ray beam induced current and point out fundamental differences between measurements of wafer-based silicon and thin-film solar cells. Based on reports of the last years, we showcase the potential that X-ray microscopy measurements have in combination with in situ and operando approaches throughout the solar cell lifecycle: from the growth of individual layers to the performance under operating conditions and degradation mechanisms. Enabled by new developments in synchrotron beamlines, the combination of high spatial resolution with high brilliance and a safe working distance allows for the insertion of measurement equipment that can pave the way for a new class of experiments. Applied to photovoltaics research, we highlight today’s opportunities and challenges in the field of nanoscale X-ray microscopy, and give an outlook on future developments.

  • Imaging of Cellular Trace Metals by Fluorescence Scanning X-Ray Microscopes

  • Barry Lai, Jorg Maser, Stefan Vogt, Zhonghou Cai, Dan Legnini
  • Journal:
    / Volume 9 / Issue S02 / August 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 July 2003, pp. 1482-1483
    Print publication:
    August 2003
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