7 results
2503 First year medical student characteristics associated with readiness to talk about race
- Brooke Cunningham, Rachel Hardeman, Samantha Carlson
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 2 / Issue S1 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 November 2018, p. 56
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Calls to break the silence around the effects of racism on health are growing. Few researchers have examined the relationship between medical student characteristics and students’ comfort, motivation, and skill to discuss racism. This paper examines medical student characteristics associated with readiness to talk about racism among first-year medical students at the University of Minnesota. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In February 2017 prior to a lecture on racism and health, we invited first year medical students to participate in a web-based survey about their experiences and comfort discussing racism. We calculated descriptive statistics and measured differences by student race (White vs. Asian vs. Black/multiracial/other) and undergraduate major type (STEM vs. non-STEM) using χ2 tests for variables with categorical responses and generalized linear regression models with pairwise comparisons (i.e., 2-sample t-tests) for variables with continuous responses. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: (n=107/163). The majority of students were male (53%); White (75%); and majored in STEM majors in college (85%). College major was not associated with race. Students’ responses to multiple items suggest that the vast majority perceived racial inequality as a major problem in the United States. Race was significantly associated with only 1 of these items. Specifically, 100% (16/16) of Black/multiracial/other students [under-represented minority (URM) students] reported “too little attention” is paid to race and racial issues, while only 53% of White students (42/79) and 55% of Asian students (6/11) chose this response. Students with non-STEM majors and students who identified as URM students reported talking about racism with friends more often than STEM majors and white students, respectively. In conversations about race at school, two-thirds of students were concerned that they might unintentionally offend others or be misunderstood. However, non-STEM majors and URM students were significantly less worried that they would unintentionally offend others in conversations about race at school than STEM majors and white students. Larger percentages of URM students (50%) than White students (25%) were afraid that others would not respect their views because of their race. White students were more afraid that they might that they would be called racist than URM students. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Many students find it challenging to discuss race and racism in medical education settings. URM students and non-STEM majors reported greater frequency talking about racism with friends and appear to be less anxious in conversations about racism than White students and STEM majors respectively. Given non-STEM majors' greater psychological safety discussing racism, future research should explore whether non-STEM majors are better prepared and more motivated to address racial disparities in health and health care than STEM majors. Such research could have important implications for medical school admissions.
2505 Mixed emotions: Health care personnel’s reactions to new accountabilities for health equity
- Brooke Cunningham, Windy Fredkove, Alden Lai, Dimpho Orionzi, Jill Marsteller
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 2 / Issue S1 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 November 2018, p. 71
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Calls for health care organizations to promote health equity, through reducing health care disparities and addressing the social determinants of health, are growing and disrupt assumptions about equal care and the role of the health care delivery system more generally. This paper uses qualitative data to explore the emotions that health care personnel express as they make sense of the newfound emphasis on equity. To do so, we consider the relationships between social identity, sense of control, emotion, cognition, and action. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The principle investigator conducted 21 semistructured interviews with senior leaders and equity team members and 7 focus groups with providers and staff employed at one of Minnesota’s largest health care system. The PI asked respondents to describe recent conversations about equity in their workplaces and to identify barriers and facilitators to addressing equity. Focus group participants were also asked to imagine colleagues’ reactions—“what would they say, think, and feel”—should they be asked to adapt practices to address the social determinants of health, community health, and healthcare disparities. Interviews and focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed. Two coders independently coded each transcript for themes and then compared and reconciled their coding. Reactions to equity work emerged inductively during the coding process. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Findings suggest that discourses on health equity can disrupt personal and professional identities and trigger a mixture of emotions, including fear, sadness, and excitement. Personnel with broad, or flexible, constructions of their work roles experienced less disruption, and more positive emotions, than those personnel who constructed narrow, or rigid, professional identities. Those who expressed a stronger sense of control also expressed more positive emotions, such as happiness and hope, and were excited about the prospect of greater accountabilities related to equity. Those who doubted the existence of disparities were defensive and pointed to cues such as standardized care protocols and perceptions of colleagues’ professionalism to oppose change. Those who perceived low organizational self-efficacy, due to a lack of time, skills, or knowledge, often expressed frustration and helplessness. Their sensemaking focused on the lack of progress and sought sensegiving about ways to “make it workable.” DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Discussions about equity are new in healthcare and trigger mixed reactions, drawing out provider and staff’s hopes, fears, and anxieties. Variations in emotional reactions may be related to differing perceptions about sense of control over disparities and the social determinants of health. If we want to enlist health care providers, nurses, and managers in efforts to improve health equity, we need to understand these emotions and sensemaking processes.
MALT90: The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey
- J. M. Jackson, J. M. Rathborne, J. B. Foster, J. S. Whitaker, P. Sanhueza, C. Claysmith, J. L. Mascoop, M. Wienen, S. L. Breen, F. Herpin, A. Duarte-Cabral, T. Csengeri, S. N. Longmore, Y. Contreras, B. Indermuehle, P. J. Barnes, A. J. Walsh, M. R. Cunningham, K. J. Brooks, T. R. Britton, M. A. Voronkov, J. S. Urquhart, J. Alves, C. H. Jordan, T. Hill, S. Hoq, S. C. Finn, I. Bains, S. Bontemps, L. Bronfman, J. L. Caswell, L. Deharveng, S. P. Ellingsen, G. A. Fuller, G. Garay, J. A. Green, L. Hindson, P. A. Jones, C. Lenfestey, N. Lo, V. Lowe, D. Mardones, K. M. Menten, V. Minier, L. K. Morgan, F. Motte, E. Muller, N. Peretto, C. R. Purcell, P. Schilke, Schneider-N. Bontemps, F. Schuller, A. Titmarsh, F. Wyrowski, A. Zavagno
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 30 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 November 2013, e057
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The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz (MALT90) survey aims to characterise the physical and chemical evolution of high-mass star-forming clumps. Exploiting the unique broad frequency range and on-the-fly mapping capabilities of the Australia Telescope National Facility Mopra 22 m single-dish telescope1, MALT90 has obtained 3′ × 3′ maps towards ~2 000 dense molecular clumps identified in the ATLASGAL 870 μm Galactic plane survey. The clumps were selected to host the early stages of high-mass star formation and to span the complete range in their evolutionary states (from prestellar, to protostellar, and on to $\mathrm{H\,{\scriptstyle {II}}}$ regions and photodissociation regions). Because MALT90 mapped 16 lines simultaneously with excellent spatial (38 arcsec) and spectral (0.11 km s−1) resolution, the data reveal a wealth of information about the clumps’ morphologies, chemistry, and kinematics. In this paper we outline the survey strategy, observing mode, data reduction procedure, and highlight some early science results. All MALT90 raw and processed data products are available to the community. With its unprecedented large sample of clumps, MALT90 is the largest survey of its type ever conducted and an excellent resource for identifying interesting candidates for high-resolution studies with ALMA.
Characterisation of the MALT90 Survey and the Mopra Telescope at 90 GHz
- J. B. Foster, J. M. Rathborne, P. Sanhueza, C. Claysmith, J. S. Whitaker, J. M. Jackson, J. L. Mascoop, M. Wienen, S. L. Breen, F. Herpin, A. Duarte-Cabral, T. Csengeri, Y. Contreras, B. Indermuehle, P. J. Barnes, A. J. Walsh, M. R. Cunningham, T. R. Britton, M. A. Voronkov, J. S. Urquhart, J. Alves, C. H. Jordan, T. Hill, S. Hoq, K. J. Brooks, S. N. Longmore
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 30 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2013, e038
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We characterise the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey (MALT90) and the Mopra telescope at 90 GHz. We combine repeated position-switched observations of the source G300.968+01.145 with a map of the same source in order to estimate the pointing reliability of the position-switched observations and, by extension, the MALT90 survey; we estimate our pointing uncertainty to be 8 arcsec. We model the two strongest sources of systematic gain variability as functions of elevation and time-of-day and quantify the remaining absolute flux uncertainty. Corrections based on these two variables reduce the scatter in repeated observations from 12%–25% down to 10%–17%. We find no evidence for intrinsic source variability in G300.968+01.145. For certain applications, the corrections described herein will be integral for improving the absolute flux calibration of MALT90 maps and other observations using the Mopra telescope at 90 GHz.
Variation at 8q24 and 9p24 and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
- Kristin L. White, Thomas A. Sellers, Brooke L. Fridley, Robert A. Vierkant, Catherine M. Phelan, Ya-Yu Tsai, Kimberly R. Kalli, Andrew Berchuck, Edwin S. Iversen, Jr, Lynn C. Hartmann, Mark Liebow, Sebastian Armasu, Zachary Fredericksen, Melissa C. Larson, David Duggan, Fergus J. Couch, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Julie M. Cunningham, Ellen L. Goode
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- Journal:
- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 13 / Issue 1 / February 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2012, pp. 43-56
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The chromosome 8q24 region (specifically, 8q24.21.a) is known to harbor variants associated with risk of breast, colorectal, prostate, and bladder cancers. In 2008, variants rs10505477 and rs6983267 in this region were associated with increased risk of invasive ovarian cancer (p < 0.01); however, three subsequent ovarian cancer reports of 8q24 variants were null. Here, we used a multi-site case-control study of 940 ovarian cancer cases and 1,041 controls to evaluate associations between these and other single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this 8q24 region, as well as in the 9p24 colorectal cancer associated-region (specifically, 9p24.1.b). A total of 35 SNPs from previous reports and additional tagging SNPs were assessed using an Illumina GoldenGate array and analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusting for population structure and other potential confounders. We observed no association between genotypes and risk of ovarian cancer considering all cases, invasive cases, or invasive serous cases. For example, at 8q24 SNPs rs10505477 and rs6983267, analyses yielded per-allele invasive cancer odds ratios of 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–1.09, p trend 0.46) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.84–1.12, p trend 0.69), respectively. Analyses using an approach identical to that of the first positive 8q24 report also yielded no association with risk of ovarian cancer. In the 9p24 region, no SNPs were associated with risk of ovarian cancer overall or with invasive or invasive serous disease (all p values > 0.10). These results indicate that the SNPs studied here are not related to risk of this gynecologic malignancy and that the site-specific nature of 8q24.21.a associations may not include ovarian cancer.
HOPS: The H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey
- M. Röllig, R. Simon, V. Ossenkopf, J. Stutzki, A.J. Walsh, S.L. Breen, T. Britton, K.J. Brooks, M.G. Burton, M.R. Cunningham, J.A. Green, L. Harvey-Smith, L. Hindson, M.G. Hoare, B. Indermuehle, P.A. Jones, N. Lo, S.N. Longmore, V. Lowe, C.J. Phillips, C.R. Purcell, M.A. Thompson, J.S. Urquhart, M.A. Voronkov, G.L. White, M. Whiting
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- Journal:
- European Astronomical Society Publications Series / Volume 52 / 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 November 2011, pp. 135-138
- Print publication:
- 2011
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Over the past 3 years, we have conducted a survey of 100 square degrees of the southern Galactic plane with the Mopra radiotelescope (HOPS). The survey includes observations of multiple spectral lines in the 12 mm band, with the most important being the water maser transition at 22.2 GHz and the non-metastable inversion transitions of ammonia. We report on initial results from HOPS, including the detection of 540 water masers, about two-thirds of which appear to be new detections. We also find widespread emission in the NH3 (1,1) line, as well as detec tions in the NH3 (2,2), (3,3), (6,6) and (9,9) lines.
LORAN B. SMITH
- Dr. Steven Cann, Adam Breymeyer, Michael K. Moore, Kendall R. Cunningham, Stephen Ternes, Rachel Goossen, Margie Mersmann, Michael R. Brooks
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- Journal:
- PS: Political Science & Politics / Volume 43 / Issue 1 / January 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 January 2010, pp. 167-169
- Print publication:
- January 2010
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Dr. Loran B. Smith passed away in Topeka, Kansas, on July 24, 2009. He was born on July 23, 1946. He was the son of Gordon T and Edith A (Hibbard) Smith of Medford, Massachusetts. Loran received his bachelors degree at Salem State College (Massachusetts) in 1968, a masters from Oklahoma State in 1971, and then taught at Black Hills State (Spearfish, South Dakota) from 1971–1974 and Augustana College in Souix Falls from 1974–1977. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1980 and taught at Missouri Southern State College in Joplin until 1982. He then came to Washburn University of Topeka, where he taught until his death. While “Doc” Smith (as the students referred to him) published sufficiently enough to be awarded tenure and promotion to professor, that was not his forte. Loran was a gifted teacher. His CV lists 23 teaching awards, including Washburn's Faculty Certificate of Merit, a university-wide teaching honor based on student elections, from 1985–1998. Loran was also extremely active in faculty governance and other service to the university and the Topeka community. He was on the university's faculty governing body from 1996–2006, serving as its vice president in 2002 and president from 2003–2005. He was the chairman of the Social Science Division almost all of the 1990s and he also served as the chairman of the college's curriculum committee during that same time span. As Washburn is an open-admission university, we have retention problems not experienced by most universities. Loran researched, organized, and ran a college experience program for at-risk students. He was very active in ASPA, serving as the Kansas chapter president from 1987–1988, indeed, his auto license plate read “KS ASPA” and was purchased for him by students he had recruited into ASPA. Loran's main area of academic interest was state and local government and he was the election night expert for one of the local TV stations here in the capital of Kansas from 1984–1992. What occupied most of his time and energy outside of his official academic duties was serving as the faculty advisor for a local chapter of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity. Doc Smith took what was a typical college fraternity and turned it into a modern association of men that consistently had the highest average GPA of all the fraternities and sororities on campus. It was not unusual for Loran to pay for a student's tuition and fraternity house bill, buy students books, and lend money to a needy student. Loran had a reputation for frugality (his apartment had a TV but no cable, a rotary phone, and he rented all of his furniture and appliances). Loran's tightness with money turned out to be a big benefit for the fraternity. One chapter official put it this way, “Through his notorious tight-fisted watch over finances, the Chapter was able to wipe out a significant debt to the National Housing Corporation ahead of schedule and helped the chapter build a significant savings by 2000.” People who knew Loran thought that he was not married but Loran was married to his job. Not only was Loran in his office nearly every evening until 10:00 p.m., but he was there all day Saturday and Sunday too, and, more often than not, there was a student in that office talking with him.