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The effect of wearable technology on psychomotor agitation in patients with diagnostic patients with schizophrenia expansion and psychosis
- F. Oflaz, P. Cetinay Aydin, T. Sahin Tokatlioglu, E. Eser, N. Zemen, B. Semiz, Y. Z. Hayirlioglu
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S491-S492
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Introduction
Due to the exacerbation of psychotic processes in acute psychiatric services, patients may exhibit risky behaviors for themselves and others. Especially, psycho-motor agitation seen in schizophrenia may result in some harmful behaviors towards him/her self or other individuals in patient. Physical restrain, or chemical restrain with psychotropic drugs can be used for ensuring the safety of the patient with a tendency toward violent behavior and to prevent harm to himself and others. These restrain methods are usually applied when they showed aggressive or violent behaviors, that is after the observed warning signs or real violent behaviors.There is no system that can evaluate and notice agitation or tendency of violence before the obvious behaviors. By using a wearable sensor system to be able to measure some biological change and to evaluate of the sensors’ ability to obtain quantitative and objective data may help the health professionals to prevent the damage in advance.
ObjectivesThe aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the changes in measurements of the four wearable sensors which applied to persons with schizophrenia.
MethodsTen patients who restrained in the observation room, selected for this pilot study. On the first day (13:00), which meets the criteria for inclusion in the study and the end of the insulation process (the COVID test result is negative), the first measurement was before the noon treatment. The patients’ second measurements were taken on the day they switched from parenteral to oral treatment. For measurement, the sensor circuits developed at the Physiological Analysis and Wearable Systems Research Laboratory of Koç University were connected to various parts of the body to collect the non-invasive data detailed below. In addition, including the clinical status of the patient in the experimentation process, and a positive-negative syndrome scale was also used. The data from the patient was obtained under the supervision of the clinical chief nurse for 10 minutes. Sensors were electrocardiogram (ECG) photoplethysmogram (PPG), seismocardiography (SCG), body temperature.
ResultsSince some recording errors observed in two patients’ records, the data of eight patients were evaluated. Aside from one of the eight patients evaluated, the signal deviation and strength of other patients’ data increased in general. This result imply that signal deviations and strengths may be reduced during the psychomotor agitation. These deviations may suggest that this sensor system is capable to evaluate some biological changes in patients.
ConclusionsConsidering the results of the pilot study, it is planned to carry out future studies with a larger sample size and longer records. With these studies, it is thought that psychomotor agitation in patients can be determined in an objective and measurable way without risk.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Identifying reasons for stun failures in slaughterhouses for cattle and pigs: a field study
- M von Wenzlawowicz, K von Holleben, E Eser
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- Journal:
- Animal Welfare / Volume 21 / Issue S2 / June 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2023, pp. 51-60
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Checking the effectiveness of stunning was one of the major tasks when the authors evaluated the stunning process on request of the slaughterhouse managements, retailers or competent authorities in slaughterhouses in Austria, Germany and Switzerland between the years 2000 and 2011. A total of 50 assessments in slaughterhouses for cattle and 116 for pigs were included in this study. For every assessment the technical features of the stunning device, the performance by the personnel and the clinical signs of the animals after stunning were recorded. The assessments of captive-bolt (CB) stunning were made in 1,823 cattle. For pigs, 63 assessments were carried out in electrical stunning (26 in a pen [ESP], 24 in a trap [EST] and 13 in an automatic restrainer [ESR]) and 53 assessments in CO2 stunning, covering a total of 35,220 pigs (6,855 electrically stunned and 28,365 stunned using CO2). The proportions of assessments in which there were no failures were 28% (CB), 12% (ESP), 21% (EST), 31% (ESR) and 13% (CO). The mean percentages of animals showing signs not compatible with sufficient depth of stunning were 13.5 (± 19.0)% (CB), 12.5 (± 16.4)% (ESP), 10.9 (± 11.4)% (EST), 3.2 (± 3.3)% (ESR) and 7.5 (± 13.0)% (CO2) showing a high variability between premises assessed. Stunning effectiveness for cattle was better where a chest stick was performed compared to a neck cut. For pigs, less stunning failures occurred in electrical stunning where the two-cycle method (head/heart current) was applied compared to head-only stunning, and most of the failures in CO2 stunning were due to insufficient dwell time. Reasons for the stunning failures are described and recommendations given to improve the situation.
Licensing poultry CO2 gas-stunning systems with regard to animal welfare: investigations under practical conditions
- K von Holleben, M von Wenzlawowicz, E Eser
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- Journal:
- Animal Welfare / Volume 21 / Issue S2 / June 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2023, pp. 103-111
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Carbon dioxide stunning of broilers is not permitted in Germany. However, the competent authority can license a system for testing, during which scientific evaluation with regard to animal welfare is required. Between 2004 and 2011 several aspects of three systems have been evaluated in Germany and Italy under practical conditions including: (i) supply to the stunning system; (ii) induction conditions; (iii) stunning effectiveness; and (iv) process control. The systems were: (i) LINCO progressive gas-stunning system in which broilers in their transport crates are lowered stepwise into a pit filled with CO2 and exposed to slowly increasing concentrations of CO2 in air up to between 50 and 65% with total dwell times between 275 and 440 s depending on birds’ weight; (ii) Stork PMT two-phase gas-stunning system (40% CO2/30% O2/30%N2 for 1 min/80% CO2 for 2 min) in which broilers are tipped onto a belt, on which they pass through the gas atmospheres; and (iii) Anglia Autoflow two-phase CO2-stunning system, in which the birds are exposed to the atmosphere in their crates. Results on the third system are pending as the investigation is still ongoing. In systems (i) and (ii) analysis of behaviour showed that birds were only exposed to high CO2 concentration (> 40%) after becoming unconscious. Stunning effectiveness was very high but, nevertheless, occasionally birds (0.027% LINCO system and 0.003% Stork PMT system) were able to regain consciousness. Examples of evaluation of behaviour during induction are presented in this paper and animal welfare aspects are compared. Controlled-atmosphere stunning systems for broilers using less than 40% CO2 until animals are unconscious, show obvious advantages compared to electrical water-bath stunning, for example, the avoidance of shackling and achieving high stunning effectiveness.