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Recent studies have revealed significant hidden diversity and a high incidence of cryptic speciation in Antarctic marine gastropods. Originally, philinoid cephalaspideans in the Southern Ocean were classified within the genus Philine. However, molecular and morphological studies have shown that three genera encompass all known diversity instead. These are Antarctophiline, Waegelea and Spiraphiline, the first two belonging to the recently erected family Antarctophilinidae. In this study, 55 specimens were collected from the South Shetland Islands, across the South Atlantic Antarctic Ridge to Bouvet Island, and from the South Sandwich Islands and Bransfield Strait, between 134 and 4548 m depth. We conducted morpho-anatomical and phylogenetic analyses to describe two new Antarctophiline species: Antarctophiline abyssalis sp. nov. and Antarctophiline malaquiasi sp. nov. Molecular results support the validity of the two distinct species, consistent with observed morpho-anatomical differences in the digestive system (i.e. the shape of gizzard plates and salivary glands), shell shape and other external characters. Additionally, we evaluate the morphological affinities of the most common Antarctic species, Antarctophiline alata, throughout its distribution range. Overall biogeographical distributions are discussed in a systematic context. Our study is yet another example of how Antarctica keeps revealing itself as a cornerstone of gastropod diversity.
We provide an assessment of the Infinity Two Fusion Pilot Plant (FPP) baseline plasma physics design. Infinity Two is a four-field period, aspect ratio A = 10, quasi-isodynamic stellarator with improved confinement appealing to a max-J approach, elevated plasma density and high magnetic fields (⟨B⟩ = 9 T). At the envisioned operating point [800 MW deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion], the configuration has robust magnetic surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium calculations and is stable to both local and global MHD instabilities. The configuration has excellent confinement properties with small neoclassical transport and low bootstrap current (|Ibootstrap| ∼ 2 kA). Calculations of collisional alpha particle confinement in a DT FPP scenario show small energy losses to the first wall (< 1.5%) and stable energetic particle/Alfvén eigenmodes at high ion density. Low turbulent transport is produced using a combination of density profile control consistent with pellet fueling and reduced stiffness to turbulent transport via three-dimensional shaping. Transport simulations with the T3D-GX-SFINCS code suite with self-consistent turbulent and neoclassical transport predict that the Pfus = 800 MW operating point is attainable with high fusion gain (Q = 40) at volume-averaged electron densities ne ≈ 2×1020 m−3, below the Sudo density limit. Additional transport calculations show that an ignited (Q = ∞) solution is available at slightly higher density (2.2×1020 m−3) with Pfus = 1.5 GW. The magnetic configuration is defined by a magnetic coil set with sufficient room for an island divertor, shielding and blanket solutions with tritium breeding ratios (TBR) above unity. An optimistic estimate for the gas-cooled solid breeder designed Helium Cooled Pebble Bed is TBR ∼ 1.3. Infinity Two satisfies the physics requirements of a stellarator fusion pilot plant.
This study investigates the seasonal and regional distribution of paediatric laryngomalacia admissions in the United States, hypothesizing higher admission rates in winter and colder regions due to reduced sunlight exposure affecting vitamin D levels.
Methods
We analyzed data from the 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), focusing on children under three years old. Laryngomalacia cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) code Q31.5. Seasonal and regional differences in admission rates were assessed using Pearson’s chi-squared test, with a significance level of p less than 0.05.
Results
Of 4,512,196 estimated national admissions, 11,638 were due to laryngomalacia. Admissions increased by 10.0 per cent in winter and decreased by 10.9 per cent in summer (p < 0.005). Regionally, admissions were higher in the Midwest/Central (18.6 per cent) and Northeast (9.3 per cent) and lower in the South (7.4 per cent) and West (11.1 per cent) (p < 0.005).
Conclusion
Laryngomalacia admissions are significantly influenced by seasonal and regional factors, likely related to environmental conditions affecting vitamin D synthesis.
Transfers of resources in dictator games vary significantly by the characteristics of recipients. We focus on social norms and demonstrate that variation in the recipient changes both giving and injunctive norms and may offer an explanation for differences in giving. We elicit generosity using dictator games, and social norms using incentivized coordination games, with two different recipient types: an anonymous student and a charitable organization. A within-subjects design ensures that other factors are held constant. Our results show that differences in giving behavior are closely related to differences in social norms of giving across contexts. Controlling for individual differences in beliefs about the norm, subjects do not weight compliance with the norms in the student recipient or charity recipient dictator game differently. These results suggest that the impact of context on giving co-occurs with an impact on social norms.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This new edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems and new figures and worked examples throughout. The authors emphasize the practical approach and present clear information on modern channel codes, including turbo and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed-Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, product codes as well as polar codes for error correction and detection, providing a one-stop resource for classical and modern coding techniques. Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic code design.
We propose that certain white dwarf (WD) planets, such as WD 1856+534 b, may form out of material from a stellar companion that tidally disrupts from common envelope evolution with the WD progenitor star. The disrupted companion shreds into an accretion disc, out of which a gas giant protoplanet forms due to gravitational instability. To explore this scenario, we make use of detailed stellar evolution models consistent with WD 1856+534. The minimum mass companion that produces a gravitationally unstable disc after tidal disruption is $\sim$$0.15\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$. In this scenario, WD 1856+534 b might have formed at or close to its present separation, in contrast to other proposed scenarios where it would have migrated in from a much larger separation. Planet formation from tidal disruption is a new channel for producing second-generation planets around WDs.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.
Channel coding lies at the heart of digital communication and data storage. Fully updated to include current innovations in the field, including a new chapter on polar codes, this detailed introduction describes the core theory of channel coding, decoding algorithms, implementation details, and performance analyses. This edition includes over 50 new end-of-chapter problems to challenge students and numerous new figures and examples throughout.
The authors emphasize a practical approach and clearly present information on modern channel codes, including polar, turbo, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as detailed coverage of BCH codes, Reed–Solomon codes, convolutional codes, finite geometry codes, and product codes for error correction, providing a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Assuming no prior knowledge in the field of channel coding, the opening chapters begin with basic theory to introduce newcomers to the subject. Later chapters then begin with classical codes, continue with modern codes, and extend to advanced topics such as code ensemble performance analyses and algebraic LDPC code design.
300 varied and stimulating end-of-chapter problems test and enhance learning, making this an essential resource for students and practitioners alike.
Provides a one-stop resource for both classical and modern coding techniques.
Starts with the basic theory before moving on to advanced topics, making it perfect for newcomers to the field of channel coding.
180 worked examples guide students through the practical application of the theory.