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This chapter traces the development of neuroscience from its early 17th seventeenth-century origins, to the 18th eighteenth- and 19th nineteenth-century perspectives on sensorimotor physiology and the electrical basis of neural function, to the 20th twentieth- and 21st twenty-first-century understandings of neurochemical and humoral communication. The neuroscience perspective intersected more and more with psychological and behavioral perspectives, as brain functional localization contributed insights into psychological processes such as language and emotion. This ultimately led to the establishment of behavioral neuroscience divisions in professional societies, such as the American Psychological Association in the early 20th twentieth century. Since thoese early beginnings, tremendous progress has been made in the development of behavioral neuroscience, in contrast to the prevailing behaviorism of the 1950s, neuroscience now is widely represented in all areas of psychology. A major conceptual historical trend in behavioral neuroscience is the evolution from unitary, simple explanatory concepts to the recognition that psychological processes are based on multiple complex interacting systems in neurobehavioral mechanisms, that extend across behavioral, physiological, endocrinological, cellular, and molecular domains. The ultimate understanding of psychological processes across broad levels of organization and analysis, from the behavioral to the cellular, remains a goal worth striving for.
The Handbook of Psychophysiology has been the authoritative resource for more than a quarter of a century. Since the third edition was published a decade ago, the field of psychophysiological science has seen significant advances, both in traditional measures such as electroencephalography, event-related brain potentials, and cardiovascular assessments, and in novel approaches and methods in behavioural epigenetics, neuroimaging, psychoneuroimmunology, psychoneuroendocrinology, neuropsychology, behavioural genetics, connectivity analyses, and non-contact sensors. At the same time, a thoroughgoing interdisciplinary focus has emerged as essential to scientific progress. Emphasizing the need for multiple measures, careful experimental design, and logical inference, the fourth edition of the Handbook provides updated and expanded coverage of approaches, methods, and analyses in the field. With state-of-the-art reviews of research in topical areas such as stress, emotion, development, language, psychopathology, and behavioural medicine, the Handbook remains the essential reference for students and scientists in the behavioural, cognitive, and biological sciences.
The Handbook of Psychophysiology, 3rd Edition is an essential reference for students, researchers, and professionals in the behavioral, cognitive, and biological sciences. Psychophysiological methods, paradigms, and theories offer entry to a biological cosmos that does not stop at skin's edge, and this essential reference is designed as a road map for explorers of this cosmos. The scope and coverage in the Handbook have expanded to include both a context for and coverage of the biological bases of cognitive, affective, social, and developmental processes and behavior. In addition to updated coverage of the traditional areas of psychophysiology, coverage of the brain and central nervous system has been expanded to include functional neuroimaging, event related brain potentials, electrophysiological source dipole localization, lesion methods, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. It also includes a section on cellular and humoral systems with attention to the communication across and interactions among cellular, immunological, endocrinological, and neural processes.
