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295 results

Page 1 of 15

  • Postscript to the Mini Dossier on İstanbul, 1918–1923

  • Jay Winter
  • Journal:
    New Perspectives on Turkey / Volume 71 / November 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 December 2024, pp. 114-120
    • Article
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  • İstanbul was the only one of the capital cities of the defeated Central Powers to suffer a military occupation for almost five years between 1918 and 1923. The question posed in this Postscript is whether occupied Istanbul resembled cities within the orbit of the British and French empires of the time? The tentative answer we propose is that Istanbul was a cosmopolitan city turned into a colonial outpost of the British and French empires. Within this context, aspects of the cultural life of Istanbul took on a number of political colourations, examined by the authors whose essays precede the Postscript.

  • 2 - War and Genocide in the Twentieth Century

  • from Part I - Racism, Total War, Imperial Collapse and Revolution
  • Edited by Ben Kiernan, Yale University, Connecticut, Wendy Lower, Claremont McKenna College, California, Norman Naimark, Stanford University, California, Scott Straus, University of California, Berkeley
  • Book:
    The Cambridge World History of Genocide
    Published online:
    23 June 2023
    Print publication:
    04 May 2023, pp 44-66

  • Summary

    The Genocide Convention of 1948 was passed by the United Nations on 9 December 1948 in Paris. That date is a useful divide in any account of the phenomenon of genocide in the twentieth century, not only because of its formal acceptance in international law, subject to the ratification of two-thirds of the members of the United Nations. The date also separates two periods in the history of warfare. The first period, prior to 1948, may be termed the era of imperial and national war; the second, after 1948, may be termed the era of post-imperial warfare.

  • Factors prompting and deterring suicides on the roads

  • Hilary Norman, Lisa Marzano, Rachel Winter, Ioana Crivatu, Jay-Marie Mackenzie, Ian Marsh
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / May 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 May 2023, e81
    • Article
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  • Background

    In addition to the devastating impact on the individual and their families, suicides on the roads can cause distress and harm to other people who might be involved in a collision or witness an attempt. Despite an increased focus on the characteristics and circumstances of road-related suicides, little is known about why people choose to end their lives in this way.

    Aims

    The aim of the current study was to investigate the factors prompting and deterring the decision to attempt suicide on the roads.

    Method

    We conducted a secondary analysis of survey data, as well as seven in-depth qualitative interviews. Participants had lived experience of suicidal ideation or behaviour at a bridge or road location. We also carried out an online ethnography to explore interactions in different online communities relating to this method of suicide.

    Results

    Participants perceived a road-related suicide to be quick, lethal, easy and accessible and to have the potential to appear accidental. The proportion of participants who described their thoughts and attempts as impulsive appeared to be higher than had been observed with other method choices. The potential impact on other people was a strongly dissuasive factor.

    Conclusions

    Measures designed to prevent access to potentially lethal sites may be particularly important, given that many participants described their thoughts and behaviour as impulsive. In addition, fostering a culture of care and consideration for other road users may help to dissuade people from taking action on the roads.

The Cultural History of War in the Twentieth Century and After

The Cultural History of War in the Twentieth Century and After
  • Jay Winter
  • Published online:
    11 August 2022
    Print publication:
    25 August 2022
  • This Element is a user's guide to the cultural history of warfare since 1914. It provides summaries of the basic questions historians have posed in what is now a truly global field of research. It is divided into three parts. The first provides an introduction to the cultural history of the state, focusing on the institutions of violence, both political and military, as well as introducing the key concept of the civilianization of war. The second part addresses civil society at war. It asks the question as to how do men and women try to make sense and attach meaning to the violence and cruelty of war. It also explores commemoration, religious life, humanitarianism, painting, cinema and the visual arts, and war literature and testimony. The third part explores the family, gender and migration in wartime, and shows how modern war continues to transform the world in which we live today.

Performing the Past
  • Memory, History, and Identity in Modern Europe
  • Edited by Karin Tilmans, Frank van Vree, Jay M. Winter
  • Published by:
    Amsterdam University Press
    Published online:
    15 January 2021
    Print publication:
    15 July 2012
  • Throughout Europe, narratives about the past circulate at a dizzying speed, and producing and selling these narratives is big business. In museums, in cinema and opera houses, in schools, and even on the Internet, Europeans are using the power of performance to craft stories that ultimately define the ways their audiences understand and remember history.
    Performing the Past     offers unparalleled insights into the philosophical, literary, musical, and historical frameworks within which the past has entered into the European imagination. The essays in this volume, from such internationally renowned scholars as Reinhart Koselleck, Jan Assmann, Jane Caplan, Marianne Hirsch, Leo Spitzer, Peter Burke, and Alessandro Portelli, investigate various national and disciplinary traditions to explain how Europeans see themselves in the past, in the present, and in the years to come.

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