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21 results

Page 1 of 2

  • In situ Imaging of Materials using X-ray Tomography

  • Brian M. Patterson, Nikolaus L. Cordes, Kevin Henderson, Xianghui Xiao, Nikhilesh Chawla
  • Journal:
    / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / August 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 August 2018, pp. 1002-1003
    Print publication:
    August 2018
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
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  • Combining 3D X-ray Techniques; Computed Tomography and Fluorescence

  • Brian M. Patterson, Nikolaus Cordes, George J. Havrilla, Kevin Henderson
  • Journal:
    / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / August 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 August 2018, pp. 992-993
    Print publication:
    August 2018
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • Export citation

  • Outpatient Antibiotic Prescription Trends in the United States: A National Cohort Study

  • Michael J. Durkin, S. Reza Jafarzadeh, Kevin Hsueh, Ya Haddy Sallah, Kiraat D. Munshi, Rochelle R. Henderson, Victoria J. Fraser
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 39 / Issue 5 / May 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 March 2018, pp. 584-589
    Print publication:
    May 2018
  • OBJECTIVE

    To characterize trends in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in the United States

    DESIGN

    Retrospective ecological and temporal trend study evaluating outpatient antibiotic prescriptions from 2013 to 2015

    SETTING

    National administrative claims data from a pharmacy benefits manager PARTICIPANTS. Prescription pharmacy beneficiaries from Express Scripts Holding Company

    MEASUREMENTS

    Annual and seasonal percent change in antibiotic prescriptions

    RESULTS

    Approximately 98 million outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were filled by 39 million insurance beneficiaries during the 3-year study period. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were azithromycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, and cephalexin. No significant changes in individual or overall annual antibiotic prescribing rates were found during the study period. Significant seasonal variation was observed, with antibiotics being 42% more likely to be prescribed during February than September (peak-to-trough ratio [PTTR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–1.61). Similar seasonal trends were found for azithromycin (PTTR, 2.46; 95% CI, 2.44–3.47), amoxicillin (PTTR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.42–1.89), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (PTTR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.68–2.29).

    CONCLUSIONS

    This study demonstrates that annual national outpatient antibiotic prescribing practices remained unchanged during our study period. Furthermore, seasonal peaks in antibiotics generally used to treat viral upper respiratory tract infections remained unchanged during cold and influenza season. These results suggest that inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics remains widespread, despite the concurrent release of several guideline-based best practices intended to reduce inappropriate antibiotic consumption; however, further research linking national outpatient antibiotic prescriptions to associated medical conditions is needed to confirm these findings.

    Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:584–589

  • Morphological and Performance Measures of Polyurethane Foams Using X-Ray CT and Mechanical Testing

  • Brian M. Patterson, Kevin Henderson, Robert D. Gilbertson, Stephanie Tornga, Nikolaus L. Cordes, Manuel E. Chavez, Zachary Smith
  • Journal:
    / Volume 20 / Issue 4 / August 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 May 2014, pp. 1284-1293
    Print publication:
    August 2014

  • Meso-scale structure in polymeric foams determines the mechanical properties of the material. Density variations, even more than variations in the anisotropic void structure, can greatly vary the compressive and tensile response of the material. With their diverse use as both a structural material and space filler, polyurethane (PU) foams are widely studied. In this manuscript, quantitative measures of the density and anisotropic structure are provided by using micro X-ray computed tomography (microCT) to better understand the results of mechanical testing. MicroCT illustrates the variation in the density, cell morphology, size, shape, and orientation in different regions in blown foam due to the velocity profile near the casting surface. “Interrupted” in situ imaging of the material during compression of these sub-regions indicates the pathways of the structural response to the mechanical load and the changes in cell morphology as a result. It is found that molded PU foam has a 6 mm thick “skin” of higher density and highly eccentric morphological structure that leads to wide variations in mechanical performance depending upon sampling location. This comparison is necessary to understand the mechanical performance of the anisotropic structure.

Page 1 of 2