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High-yielding winter synthetic hexaploid wheats resistant to multiple diseases and pests
- Alexey Morgounov, Aygul Abugalieva, Kadir Akan, Beyhan Akın, Stephen Baenziger, Madhav Bhatta, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Lütfü Demir, Yerlan Dutbayev, Moustapha El Bouhssini, Gül Erginbaş-Orakci, Masahiro Kishii, Mesut Keser, Emrah Koç, Altynbek Kurespek, Abdul Mujeeb-Kazi, Aysel Yorgancılar, Fatih Özdemir, Ibrahim Özturk, Thomas Payne, Gular Qadimaliyeva, Vladimir Shamanin, Kemal Subasi, Gulnura Suleymanova, Enes Yakişir, Yuriy Zelenskiy
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- Journal:
- Plant Genetic Resources / Volume 16 / Issue 3 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 May 2017, pp. 273-278
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Development of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) synthetics started at CIMMYT-Mexico in 2004, when winter durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) germplasm from Ukraine and Romania was crossed with Aegilops tauschii accessions from the Caspian Sea region. Chromosomes were doubled after pollination and embryo rescue, but chromosome number and cytological validation was not performed. F2 populations were grown in Mexico and were shipped to Turkey in 2008. During 2009–2015, these populations were subjected to rigorous pedigree selection under dry, cold, disease-affected environments of the Central Anatolian Plateau. The wide segregation and partial sterility observed in 2009 gradually decreased and, by 2016, most of the F8 single spike progenies demonstrated good fertility and agronomic performance. Since 2013, lines have been selected from synthetic populations and evaluated at multiple sites. Superior lines were characterized for resistance to leaf, stripe and stem rust, plant height, and reaction to common bunt and soil-borne pathogens. Thousand kernel weight of many lines exceeded 50 g, compared with the check varieties that barely reached 40 g. Threshability of synthetic lines varied from 0 to 95%, demonstrating genetic variation for this important domestication trait. Screening against Hessian fly, sunny pest and Russian wheat aphid identified several resistant genotypes. Both durum and Aegilops parents affected synthetic wheat traits. Several studies are underway to reveal the genetic diversity of synthetic lines and the basis of resistance to diseases and insects. This synthetic germplasm represents a new winter bread wheat parental pool. It is available upon request to interested breeding/research programmes.
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: THE CASE OF NEW WHEAT VARIETIES IN TURKEY
- AHMED MAZID, MESUT KESER, KOFFI N. AMEGBETO, ALEXEY MORGOUNOV, AHMET BAGCI, KENAN PEKER, MUSTAFA AKIN, MURAT KUCUKCONGAR, MUSTAFA KAN, ARIF SEMERCI, SEVINC KARABAK, AHMET ALTIKAT, SADIYE YAKTUBAY
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- Journal:
- Experimental Agriculture / Volume 51 / Issue 2 / April 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 August 2014, pp. 161-178
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This paper summarizes a study initiated by the Turkish General Directorate of Agricultural Research and ICARDA/CIMMYT Wheat Improvement Program on the adoption of five new winter and spring wheat varieties developed and released by the Turkish national breeding program and through international collaboration in the past 10 years. The study results are based on a survey of 781 households selected randomly in the Adana, Ankara, Diyarbakir, Edirne, and Konya provinces of Turkey. The five new wheat varieties are compared to old improved varieties released prior to 1995 that are also still grown by farmers. Technical and biological indicators of impacts including crop productivity are measured to determine the impact of these varieties. Yield stability is assessed by comparing average yields in normal, good and dry years and by comparing the coefficients of variation of yields by variety. Profitability is measured by the gross margin generated per unit of land. Household income from wheat and for all economic activities are estimated and compared between adopters and non-adopters. Adopters of the new varieties have higher per-capita income than non-adopters as compared to the same group using old varieties. However, the overall impact of the improved varieties is generally low, mainly due to their low adoption levels. Farmers’ knowledge and perception of certain variety characteristics and unavailability of adequate and timely seed are the main reasons. Increasing adoption has the potential to improve household income and this requires revising wheat impact pathway to achieve the expected impact.