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P03-43 - Serum Malondialdehyde Concentrations as a Marker of Negative Psychopathology in Paranoid Schizophrenia
- E. Díaz Mesa, A. Morera Fumero, P. Abreu González, M. Henry Benítez, A. Jiménez Sosa, L. Fernández López, R. Gracia Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1153
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The purpose of this study is to investigate if the MDA plasma concentrations are correlated to negative psychopathology in paranoid schizophrenic inpatients.
MethodsThe sample was comprised by 38 patients who were admitted in the psychiatric ward of the University Hospital of the Canaries. Thirty eight patients were male and 9 were female with medium average age of 37.41±11.23. Exclusion criteria were psychoactive substance use, presence of acute or chronic organic pathology, treatment with immunosuppressive medication, pregnancy and mental retardation or severe cognitive impairment. There were performed two blood extractions following the circadian rhythm, at 12:00 and at 24:00 hours. One hour before night blood collection, each patient was placed in a reclined position in bed, with the eyes closed, in complete darkness and with eyes covered with a mask. Blood was centrifuged at 3.000 rpm for 10 minutes. Specific biological and psychopathological determinations were performed at admission and at discharge. Psychopathology was assessed with PANSS and by the same psychiatrist. Statistical analyses were carried out with the Social Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). MDA was determined spectrophotometrically.
ResultsMDA level at night was 1.94±1.54 while MDA level at midday was 2.23±1.36.Mean PANSS negative score was 15.73±6.31.Serum MDA level correlated positively with PANSS negative scores, both at midday and night (midday r=0.39, p< 0.01, midnight r=0.41, p< 0.01).
ConclusionsThe total negative subscale score correlated positively with day and night time levels of MDA, therefore we can conclude that MDA may be used as a marker of negative psychopathology.
P03-317 - Agomelatine Facilitates Benzodiazepine Discontinuation in Schizophrenia with Severe Insomnia
- A.L. Morera-Fumero, E. Diaz-Mesa, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, M. Henry, S. Yelmo, L. Fernandez-Lopez, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E923
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We present the case of a schizophrenic patient with severe insomnia that had a partial response to high doses of benzodiazepines and sedating antipsychotics. Treatment with agomelatine allowed to suspend benzodiazepine treatment and restore quality of sleep.
Case reportMr. Y is a 36 year old male patient diagnosed with simple schizophrenia that has complained of insomnia since the age of sixteen. During the last three years the treatment that the patient was following was stable and consisted of 100 mg of diazepam, 300 mg of levomepromazine and 120 mg of clotiapine every night. During the last year 60 mg of duloxetine were added to treat a moderate depression. His mood improved with the prescribed treatment, but eleven months later it worsened. In an attempt to simultaneously treat the mood and the sleep disorder, during a period of 4 days, a dosis of 12.5 mg of aglomelatin at dinner was introduced while the morning dose of duloxetine was reduced to 30mg. On the fifth day, agomelatine was increased to 25 mg at dinner while duloxetine was suspended. The antipsychotic treatment was kept stable while the patient was instructed to reduce 10 mg of diazepam every week until next appointment one month later. In the next appointment the patient had completely suspended diazepam one week before the appointment. The patient referred improved sleep quality and no rebound insomnia.
ConclusionAgomelatine may be a valid treatment of insomnia in schizophrenia.
P03-60 - Infant Trauma and Psychopathology in Paranoid Schizophrenia
- M. Henry, E. Diaz-Mesa, A.L. Morera-Fumero, A. Garcia-Hernandez, L. Fernandez-Lopez, S. Yelmo, F. Trujillo, J. Monzon, V. Barrau, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1170
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Background
Stress and trauma have been reported as leading contributing factors in schizophrenia. And certainly child abuse (neglect, emotional, physical and sexual abuse among others) has a lasting negative impact, which is well established in literature.
ObjectivesTo consider the presence of infant trauma and its relationship with psychopathology in paranoid schizophrenics.Methods. 37 patients (mean age 29±6.3; years from onset 9.20±4.7), meeting DSM IV paranoid schizophrenia criteria, undergoing treatment in a university hospital are studied. The PANSS is administered in order to rate psychopathology.
Results27 patients had infant trauma (55.8%). Main traumas are: sexual abuse (12.8%), child abuse (7.7%), both sexual and child abuse (5.18%), parental separation (7.7%), extra-rigid parents (2.6%), alcoholic parents (18.2%), child abuse and mother's death in childhood (2.6%). Infant trauma and psychopathology showed a significant relationship concerning Hostility (No 1.75±1.209, Yes 2.26±1.759), Unnatural Movements and Posture (No 1.55±0.945, Yes 1.16±0.545), Depression (No 1.25±0.550, Yes 1.74±1.284) and Preoccupation (No 2.75±1.410, Yes 3.26±1.996).
ConclusionsInfant trauma is common in paranoid schizophrenia and our findings give some evidence to a relationship with psychopathology, especially with dimensions as Hostility, Unnatural Movements and Posture, Depression and Preoccupation. Despite sample size, a high proportion (55.8%) of the patients presented infant trauma and future research is needed in order to open new avenues in this field, particularly studies concerning infant trauma and symptomatology specificity will be greatly appreciated as well as the plausible link to personality traits and personality disorders.
P03-154 - Serum Levels of S100B Proteins as a Marker of Positive Psychopathology in Schizophrenic Inpatients
- A.L. Morera-Fumero, E. Diaz-Mesa, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, M. Henry, A. Jimenez-Sosa, J. Garcia-Valdecasas-Campelo, A. Intxausti, L. Fernandez-Lopez, S. Yelmo, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1124
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Introduction
Schizophrenia is a chronic disease. Several etiopathogenic aetiologies have been posed, among them the existence of cerebral inflammation. S100B is a calcium-binding protein, mainly produced and secreted by astrocytes, that mediates the interaction among glial cells and between glial cells and neurons. Serum S100B levels have been proposed as a peripheral marker of brain inflammation.
ObjectivesThe aim of this research is to study if the serum level of the protein S100B has relationship with positive psychopathology.
Methods31 paranoid schizophrenic inpatients (22 male and 9 female, 36.7±10.3 years) meeting DSM-IV criteria participated in the study. Blood was sampled by venipuncture at 12:00 and 24:00 hours. Blood extractions were carried out during the first 48 hours after hospital admission. Psychopathology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Serum S100B levels were measured by sandwich ELISA techniques.
ResultsCorrelations between serum levels of S100B protein and PANSS positive scores are shown in the following table. The first figure corresponds to the Pearson's correlation coefficient, while the figure in brackets corresponds to its statistical significance.
S100B Total Positive Score Delusions Conceptual disorganization Hallucinations Hyperactivity Grandiosity Suspiciousness/ persecution Hostility 12:00 0.354 (0.051) 0.210 (0.249) 0.291 (0.106) 0.412 (0.019) -0.128 (0.486) 0.274 (0.135) 0.010 (0.957) 0.026 (0.887) 24:00 0.462 (0.009) 0.266 (0.141) 0.446 (0.011) 0.345 (0.053) -0.148 (0.419) 0.486 (0.006) 0.064 (0.728) 0.013 (0.942) [panss]
ConclusionsSerum levels of S100B protein may be used as a biological marker of positive psychopathology in paranoid schizophrenia.Acknowledgement
Conceptual disorganisation in paranoid schizophrenia inpatients and blood melatonin levels
- A.L. Morera-Fumero, E. Diaz-Mesa, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, A. Jimenez-Sosa, M. Henry-Benitez, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 1456
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Objectives
The aim of this research is to study whether serum melatonin level is related with positive psychopathology in a sample of paranoid schizophrenia patients.
Methods32 acutely paranoid schizophrenia patients admitted to the psychiatric ward of the University Hospital of the Canary Islands took part in the study. All patients met DSM-IV criteria for paranoid schizophrenia. 22 were males and 9 females. The mean age was 36.7 ± 10.3 (standard deviation). Blood was sampled by venipuncture at 12:00 and 24:00 hours after having rested in bed one hour. This was done to avoid the body postural effect on melatonin levels. Blood extractions were carried out during the first 48 hours after admission. Psychopathology was assessed by the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Melatonin serum levels were measured by ELISA techniques. Pearson correlations between melatonin serum levels and PANSS positive scores at 24:00 and 12:00 hours at admission and discharge were carried out.
ResultsThe only significant correlation, with a positive sign, was the item Conceptual Disorganisation (P2) with serum melatonin at 24:00 h (r = 0.355, p < 0.046).
ConclusionsSerum melatonin levels may be used as a biological marker of conceptual disorganisation in paranoid schizophrenia inpatients.
AcknowledgementThis study was partly supported by a grant (PI: 08/115) of the Fundacion Canaria de Investigacion y Salud (FUNCIS).
2179 – Psychedelic Drugs In Psychotherapy. a Revival?
- V.M. Barrau-Alonso, J. Sendra-Lopez, N. Benítez-Álvarez, E. Vera-Barrios, A. Hernández-Dorta, G. Díaz-Marrero, I. González, P. Quandt, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, 28-E1342
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Introduction
Psychedelic drugs were used extensively in psychotherapy in the 1950s to lower psychological defences and facilitate emotional insight. Thousands of research participants were administered hallucinogens in the context of basic clinical research or therapeutic clinical research, resulting in hundreds of publications. Results across studies were ultimately inconclusive due to such variations in methods and a lack of modern controls and experimental rigour. The growing controversy and sensationalism resulted in increasing restrictions on access to hallucinogens throughout the 1960s (ultimately resulting in the placement of the most popular hallucinogens into Schedule I of the 1970 Controlled Substances Act in the United States).
AimsRenewed human administration research began in the 1990s. Recent clinical studies have administered hallucinogens to evaluate their safety and efficacy in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: specifically, anxiety related to advanced-stage cancer (Grob, 2005), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Moreno, et al., 2006), heroin dependence (Krupitsky, et al., 2007), personal meaning and spiritual significance (Griffiths, et al., 2008), and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of LSD for alcoholism (Krebs,et al., 2012).
ResultsPsychedelic-assisted psychotherapy utilizes the acute psychological effects of psychedelic drugs to enhance the normal mechanisms of psychotherapy. The effects of psychedelic psychotherapy are often very pronounced within several days or weeks after a treatment session, but then these effects quickly decline. This phenomenon was termed a “psychedelic afterglow”.
ConclusionsFhurther research, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, methodology should explore the efficacy of hallucinogens.
EPA-0325 – Serum s100b Protein Levels in First-episode Psychosis
- S. Yelmo-Cruz, A.L. Morera-Fumero, G. Díaz-Marrero, J. Suárez-Jesús, D. Paico-Rodríguez, M. Henry-Benítez, P. Abreu-González, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction:
S100B is a calcium-binding protein produced by the astrocytes that has been used as a biomarker of brain inflammation. S100B has been involved in the schizophrenia pathophysiology, being considered a marker of state and prognosis.
Objectives:Studying the relationship between serum S100B levels and psychopathology in first-episode psychosis (FEP).
Methods:At admission and discharge, serum S100B levels were measured in 20 never-medicated FEP in-patients and 20 healthy controls. Psychopathology was assessed with the PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). The total, positive, negative and general psychopathology scores were assessed. Results are presented as mean±sd. and S100B levels in pg./ml.
Results:At admission, patients had significantly higher serum S100B concentrations than healthy subjects (39.2±6.4 vs. 33.3±0.98, p<0.02). S100B levels increased from admission to discharge (39.2±6.4 vs. 40.0±6.8, p=0.285) but they do not reach statistical significance. There were no correlations between PANSS (total, positive, negative and general) scores and S100B at admission and discharge. Individual item by item PANSS correlations with S100B elicited a positive correlation with P5 (grandiosity) (r=0.486, p=0.030) and G5 (mannerisms/posturing) (r=0.514; p=0.02) at discharge. There also was a positive trend with G7 (motor retardation) (r=0.409; p=0.073) at discharge.
Conclusions:FEP in-patients have significantly increased serum levels of S100B proteins, suggesting an activation of glial cells that may be associated with a neurodegenerative/inflammatory process. Apart from the study of total scale scores, the analysis of individual item is also recommended. The long-term treatment effect (one year or more) may be relevant to see their relationship to S100B levels.
Assessment of Emotional Expression in Patients Diagnosed with Adhd and Treatment Methylphenidate
- J. Monzon-Diaz, T. Rodriguez-Lorenzo, M. Henry-Benitez, B. Rubio-Morel, J. Quintero-Febles, F. Castro Molina, E. Garcia-Parra, F. Trujillo-Carrillo, A. Morera-Fumero, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Although investigation have demonstrated that stimulants are effective medication for the treatment of the symptoms on the ADHD, a commonly described but quite slightly studied side effect of this type of medication, is the effect on the emotional expression of patients.
Objectivesevaluate the effect of the treatment with Methylphenidate on the affective/emotional expression in children diagnosed with ADHD.
MethodsIt's a descriptive study of several cases series, from a center and about a unique group, where 'n” will be 15 children diagnosed with ADHD at the University Hospital, who were required beginning treatment with methylphenidate, with a daily dose of at least 0,3mg/Kg. In this study it will be evaluated the emotional expression of the group, according to the scale Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) making a comparison between the previous moment to the treatment and a subsequent month from its beginning.
ResultsThe evaluation of the total result of the EESC conducted by the parent didn't show statistically significant differences between scores previously of the treatment and results after a month with it. The dominions (positive emotions, emotional flatness and emotional lability) didn't show differences between both periods of time, nevertheless, the positive emotions showed a tendency of reduction more showy than the rest, without getting to be statistically significant (p=0.0638).
ConclusionStatistically there haven't been significant changes in the emotional expression of the children caused by the treatment with methylphenidate. Nevertheless, the data show that there is a tendency to an improvement in it.
EPA-0294 – Can Alpha 1 Glycoproptein be Considered as a Marker of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Patients?
- M. Henry-Benitez, A. Morera-Fumero, A. Henry-Gonzalez, A. Garcìa-Hernandez, L. Fernandez-Lopez, E. Diaz-Mesa, S. Yelmo-Cruz, C. Casariego-Ramìrez, N. Suarez-Benitez, R. Gracia-Marco, J. Monzon-Diaz, J.P. Girbau-Ronda
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction:
Recently, a renaissance of interest in ‘negative symptoms’ as emotional withdrawal or blunted affect, has occurred. Some investigators believe that these symptoms are important indicators of outcome, of response to treatment and of a distinct underlying pathologic process.
Research on the negative-symptom syndrome in schizophrenia has been handicapped until recently.
Aims:This research aims at studying whether acute phase proteins, precisely, Alpha1-glycoprotein, can be considered as a marker of negativesymptom in Schizophrenia.
Methods:29 chronic schizophrenics were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A routine blood test including Alpha1-glycoprotein levels was carried out.
Results:Alpha1-glycoprotein shows a positive correlation, according to Pearson correlation coefficient, with the Negative Scale at an almost significant level (p=.05), and at a significant level in the following items, Blunted affect (p=.03), Passive/apathetic Social Withdrawal (p=.01) of the Negative spectrum and Poor Attention (p=.02) of the General Psychopathology Scale.
Conclusions:There is a significant correlation with two Negative variables and an almost significant one, spite of the small sample, with the Negative Scale. Further studies with bigger samples are needed in order to consider alpha1-glycoprotein as a schizophrenia negative psychopathology marker.
P-778 - S100B Serum Protein Does not Have a Circadian Rhythm in Healthy Subjects
- A.L. Morera-Fumero, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, M. Henry-Benitez, S. Yelmo-Cruz, E. Diaz-Mesa, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 27 / Issue S1 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction:
Circadianity is a characteristic of several human biological variables, such as testosterone, melatonin and cortisol. There is little information whether or not S100B serum protein presents a circadian rhythm.
Material and methods:44 healthy subjects (24 female and 20 male, age 39.7 ± 9.4) participated in the study. Blood was sampled in July at 09:00, 12:00 and 24:00 h. Blood was centrifuged and serum was aliquot in Eppendorf tubes and frozen at −70° C. Serum S100B was measured by ELISA.
Results:Serum S100B concentrations at 09:00 (56.3 ± 18.1 pg/ml), 12:00 (53.8 ± 23.1 pg/ml) and 24:00 h. (55.3 ± 20.3 pg/ml) were not significantly different.
Conclusions:Our results point to the absence of a circadian rhythm of S100B serum protein concentrations. the lack of the disadvantage may allow researchers on this area to sample subjects at any time of the day.
1177 – Day/night Cortisol Rhythm In Healthy Subjects
- A.L. Morera-Fumero, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, E. Diaz-Mesa, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, 28-E551
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Introduction
Biological psychiatric research relies on the determination of biological markers. Cortisol (COR) level is one of peripheral marker frequently used in psychiatric research. COR has a well established circadian pattern of secretion, with levels peaking early in the morning. Studying circadian rhythms in big samples is challenging because of the necessity of sampling blood several times during the day. The aim of this research is to study serum COR levels at three different times of the day.
Method48 drug-free, healthy subjects participated in the study. None of them had a history of medical, neurological or psychiatric disease. Blood was sampled at 09:00, 12:00 and 00:00 hours. After each extraction, blood samples were centrifuged at 3.000 rpm for 10 minutes, and serum was separated and frozen at –30°C until assayed for COR. Serum COR was determined by ELISA methods. Data are presented as mean ± SD in μg/dl.
ResultsThere were significantly different serum COR levels at the different studied times (F: 131.8, p < 0.0001). Serum COR concentrations were significantly higher at 09:00 h than COR levels at 12:00 and 00:0 h (09:00 h: 11.9 ± 5.1, 12:00: 8.0 ± 3.3, 00:00: 3.9 ± 2.7, all comparisons were significant at the level of 0.05).
ConclusionsSerum COR levels present clear day/night changes. It is strongly advisable to take into account this variability when researching in this field.
EPA-0048 - Relationships Between Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity and Typical/atypical Antipsychotic Treatment in Acute Paranoid Schizophrenia
- E. Diaz-Mesa, A. Morera-Fumero, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, M. Henry-Benitez, L. Fernandez-Lopez, S. Yelmo-Cruz, R. Gracia-Marco
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction:
Schizophrenia is a chronic disease characterized by disturbances of thought, perception, volition, affectivity and cognition. An imbalance of the oxidant-antioxidant system is one of the proposed etiological factors. There are controversies regarding the effect of antipsychotics on the oxidant-antioxidant balance.
Objective:The aim of this research is to study the serum levels of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in paranoid schizophrenia patients treated with typical and/or atypical antipsychotics.
Methods:The sample is comprised by 38 patients admitted to the psychiatric ward of the University Hospital of the Canary Islands. All patients met DSM-IV criteria for paranoid schizophrenia. Some patients were treated only with atypical antipsychotics (N=21) while others were treated with a combination of atypical and typical antipsychotics (N=17).
Results:The next table shows the comparison of serum TAC levels at admission (TAC-A) and discharge (TAC-D) at 12:00 and 00:00 h.
Antipsychotics Mean S.D P TAC-A-12 Only Atypical 0.6633 0.14215 0.952 Typical+Atypical 0.6604 0.14889 TAC-A-00 Only Atypical 0.6004 0.15062 0.626 Typical+Atypical 0.6247 0.16163 TAC-D-12 Only Atypical 0.6070 0.16067 0.019 Typical+Atypical 0.7172 0.07654 TAC-D-00 Only Atypical 0.6001 0.16171 0.153 Typical+Atypical 0.6836 0.07842 Patients treated with a combination of typical and atypical antipsychotics present at discharge (12:00 hours) significantly higher levels of TAC than patients treated only with typical antipsychotics. The remaining comparisons did not elicit significant results.
Conclusions:The results point out the fact that a combination of typical and atypical antipsychotics is more helpful in reducing the deficits of the antioxidant system than treatments based only on typical antipsychotics.
P-777 - Body Mass Index and s100b Serum Protein Levels are not Related in Healthy Adult Subjects
- A.L. Morera-Fumero, P. Abreu-Gonzalez, M. Henry-Benitez, E. Diaz-Mesa, S. Yelmo-Cruz, R. Gracia-Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 27 / Issue S1 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction:
S100B protein is an astroglial protein that can be measured in peripheral tissues such as blood, urine or saliva. S100B serum concentrations have been proposed as a maker of brain dysfunction. Body Mass Index (BMI) has been reported as a confounding variable in S100B measures.
Material and methods:44 healthy subjects (24 female and 20 male, age 39.7 ± 9.4) participated in the study. Blood was sampled in July at 09:00, 12:00 and 24:00 h. Blood was centrifuged and serum was aliquot in Eppendorf tubes and frozen at −70° C. Serum S100B was measured by ELISA. S100B serum data are reported as pg/ml.
Results:There were no significant correlations between BMI and any of the three S100B measures (09:00 h. r = 0.150, p = 0.339, 12:00 h. r=0.041, p = 0.794, 24:00 h. r=0.192, p = 0.223).
Conclusions:Our results point to the fact that there are no relationships between BMI and S100B serum concentrations in healthy adult subjects.
EPA-0289 – Psychopathology Sex Differences in Asthmatics
- M. Henry, A. Morera, A. Henry, E. Diaz-Mesa, S. Yelmo-Cruz, J. Suarez-Jesus, D. Paico-Rodriguez, G. Diaz-Marrero, R. Gracia-Marco, I. Gonzalez-Martin
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction:
Although asthma has been one of the most investigated topics in psychosomatics, studies and papers on psychopathology in asthma are fairly scarce and of diverse meaning. Furthermore, psychopathology acoording to sex in asthma is not a common research topic.
Aim This study aims at analyzing psychopathology sex differences in asthmatics.
Methods:The psychopathology profile in a sample of 84 adult asthmatics in a hospital outpatient facility, mean age 34.62 (s.d.12.78), 36 male / 48 female, is studied. The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) Self-Report Questionnaire was administered.
Results:The symptomatic profile is characterized by higher scores in women, with a main elevation in the dimensions of Somatization (1.92), Depression (1.66), Obsession-Compulsion (1.62) and Anxiety (1.44) whereas lower scores are recorded in men, with a profile dominated by Hostility (1.70), Anxiety (1.68), Interpersonal Sensitivity (1.58) and Depression (1.44). These scores mainly contribute to the psychopathology pattern according to sex.
Conclusions:The possible clinical implications of the observed psychopathology sex differences should be taken into account in the management of these patients.
757 – Individual Items Scores vs. Total Scores of the Schizophrenia Syndrome on Purpose of the Relationships with the Total Antioxidant Capacity
- E. Diaz Mesa, A. Morera Fumero, P. Abreu Gonzalez, M. Henry Benitez, L. Fernandez Lopez, S. Yelmo Cruz, P. Delgado Garcia, R. Gracia Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, 28-E253
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Introduction:
Relationships between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and psychopathology in schizophrenia is controversial. Different methodological approaches may be a bias factor.
Objective:The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between psychopathology as individual items and psychopathology as syndromes with the serum TAC concentration in schizophrenic patients.
Methods:20 DSM-IV paranoid schizophrenic outpatients were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient's clinic of the University Hospital of the Canary Islands. the severity of schizophrenia symptoms was measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Blood samples were collected at 12:00 and 00:00 hours. Relationships between quantitative variables were assessed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Results:There was a significant correlation between the PANSS positive subscale and the nocturnal TAC levels (r=0.527, p< 0.02). the PANSS negative subscale was not correlated with TAC concentrations. Item by item scores of the positive and negative PANSS correlations with nocturnal and diurnal TAC levels revealed that only item 6 (suspicion) of the positive PANSS subscale was significantly correlated with the nocturnal TAC concentrations (r=0,491, p< 0.03). Only item 3 (poor contact) of the negative PANSS subscale was also significantly correlated with the nocturnal TAC concentrations (r=0,516, p< 0.02).
Conclusions:We strongly recommend analyzing not only global scores of psychopathology but individual items scores when researching on biological markers in schizophrenia.
Acknowledgement:This study was partly supported by a grant (PI: 08/115) of the Fundacion Canaria de Investigacion y Salud (FUNCIS).
Disclosure statement:None of the authors have conflict of interest to disclose.
P-1224 - Night-time/day-time Antioxidant Status Levels in Paranoid Schizophrenic Inpatients
- E. Díaz Mesa, A. Morera Fumero, P. Abreu González, A. Jiménez Sosa, M. Henry, L. Fernández López, R. Gracia Marco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 27 / Issue S1 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
The Total Antioxidant State (TAS), expressed as equivalent to the total antioxidant capacity of blood plasma. It is the cumulative ability to trap molecules, as H2O2 and free radicals such as RO, ROO, and O2.
ObjetivesOur aim is to describe the TAS levels in schizophrenic patients and to analyze if this marker has got a circadian rhythm. The only study in humans on this subject has carried out by Benot et al (1999) in healthy subjects, which has reported that there was a circadian rhythm of TAS, with a peak night at 01:00, which correlated directly with melatonin (MLT).
MethodsThe sample was comprised by 43 paranoid schizophrenic inpatients.Blood samples were extracted by venipuncture at 12:00 and 24:00 hours. TAS levels were measured three times: at admission, discharge and three months after discharge. Clinical state was assessed by means of the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). TAS serum levels were measured by ELISA techniques.
ResultsOur results show that there is statistical significance between 12:00 and 24:00 for the TAS at admission and three months control. This means that at both times, the income and control of the three months, the levels of midday TAS is significantly higher than the midnight TAS. However, these differences did not occur at discharge.Respect to CGI there are differences in clinical status, less high-control.
TASI0,66 ± 0,1420,60 ± 0,158,p < 0,027.
TASA0,64 ± 0,1530,63 ± 0,1350,740.
TASC0,84 ± 0,100,0,76 ± 0,113p < 0,001.
CGI-SI4,37 ± 0,846,3,05 ± 0,754,3,37 ± 0,720.
CGI-GI3,70 ± 0,640,1,77 ± 0,895,2,23 ± 1,455.
ConclusionsOur results point to the fact that serum TAS may be considered as a possible marker of psychopathological descompensation worsening.
EPA-0356 – Tuberous Esclerosis Complex and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Two Case Reports
- J. Suarez-Jesus, S. Yelmo-Cruz, D. Paico-Rodriguez, N. Suarez-Benitez, G. Diaz-Marrero, M. Henry-Benitez, R. Gracia-Marco
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction:
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic inherited disease characterized by hamartomatous growths in several organs as brain, skin, kidneys, hearth and eyes. The estimated incidence is approximately 1:6000 live births. The diagnosis is made clinically. Seizures are present in 87% of patients. Psychiatric comorbidity has been reported.
Objectives:We report the clinical course of two patients with previous diagnosis of TSC. Psychiatric symptoms start in the adulthood without seizures history and absence of Subependimal Giant Cells Tumor (SGCT). The evolution and clinical features are described.
Methods:Patient 1
Married 33-years-old woman with two children affected with TSC. She was diagnosed after headache presentation in 2011. Initial MRI showed periventricular glioneuronal hamartomas. In January 2013 start with self-injurious (swallowing of objects) and autistic behaviours as well as several hospital urgency room visits. In addition, the patient presented with dull mood, emotional indifference and intellectual impairment, with no response to medication.
Patient 2
Married 43-years-old woman with a daughter affected with TSC. Diagnosis was made in 1999 and psychotic symptoms (delusional beliefs and auditory hallucinations) started in 2011 without previous psychiatric history. The MRI in 2013 shown subependymal nodules. Treatment with risperidone was effective.
Results:Psychiatric symptoms are very often associated to the physical findings on TSC, even in adulthood diagnoses.
Conclusions:Psychiatric comorbidities are well described in literature. about 10-20% adult patients with TSC present clinically significant behavioral problems as self-injuries, frequently associated with SGCT. The European Expert Panel recommended regular assessment of cognitive development and behaviour and symptomatic treatment.
Staging cognitive impairment and incidence of dementia
- J. Santabárbara, R. Lopez-Anton, P. Gracia-García, C. De-la-Cámara, D. Vaquero-Puyuelo, E. Lobo, G. Marcos, L. Salvador-Carulla, T. Palomo, N. Sartorius, A. Lobo
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 25 / Issue 6 / December 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 October 2015, pp. 562-572
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Aims.
In a background of interest in staging models in psychiatry, we tested the validity of a simple staging model of cognitive impairment to predict incident dementia.
Method.A large community sample of adults aged ≥55 years (N = 4803) was assessed in the baseline of a longitudinal, four-wave epidemiological enquiry. A two-phase assessment was implemented in each wave, and the instruments used included the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE); the History and Aetiology Schedule and the Geriatric Mental State-AGECAT. For the standardised degree of cognitive impairment Perneczky et al's MMSE criteria were applied. A panel of psychiatrists diagnosed cases of dementia according to DSM-IV criteria, and cases and sub-cases of dementia were excluded for the follow-up waves. Competing risk regression models, adjusted by potential confounders, were used to test the hypothesised association between MMSE levels and dementia risk.
Results.Out of the 4057 participants followed up, 607 (14.9%) were classified as ‘normal’ (no cognitive impairment), 2672 (65.8%) as ‘questionable’ cognitive impairment, 732 (18.0%) had ‘mild’ cognitive impairment, 38 (0.9%) had ‘moderate’ cognitive impairment and eight (0.2%) had ‘severe’ impairment.
Cognitive impairment was associated with risk of dementia, the risk increasing in parallel with the level of impairment (hazard ratio: 2.72, 4.78 and 8.38 in the ‘questionable’, ‘mild’ and ‘moderate’ level of cognitive impairment, respectively).
Conclusions.The documented gradient of increased risk of dementia associated with the severity level of cognitive impairment supports the validity of the simple staging model based on the MMSE assessment.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Degree of cognitive impairment and mortality: a 17-year follow-up in a community study
- J. Santabárbara, R. Lopez-Anton, G. Marcos, C. De-la-Cámara, E. Lobo, P. Saz, P. Gracia-García, T. Ventura, A. Campayo, L. Rodríguez-Mañas, B. Olaya, J. M. Haro, L. Salvador-Carulla, N. Sartorius, A. Lobo
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 24 / Issue 6 / December 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 June 2014, pp. 503-511
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Background.
To test the hypothesis that cognitive impairment in older adults is associated with all-cause mortality risk and the risk increases when the degree of cognitive impairment augments; and then, if this association is confirmed, to report the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of mortality due to cognitive impairment.
Method.A representative random community sample of individuals aged over 55 was interviewed, and 4557 subjects remaining alive at the end of the first year of follow-up were included in the analysis. Instruments used in the assessment included the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the History and Aetiology Schedule (HAS) and the Geriatric Mental State (GMS)-AGECAT. For the standardised degree of cognitive impairment Perneczky et al's MMSE criteria were applied. Mortality information was obtained from the official population registry. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the association between MMSE degrees of cognitive impairment and mortality risk. We also estimated the PAF of mortality due to specific MMSE stages.
Results.Cognitive impairment was associated with mortality risk, the risk increasing in parallel with the degree of cognitive impairment (Hazard ratio, HR: 1.18 in the ‘mild’ degree of impairment; HR: 1.29 in the ‘moderate’ degree; and HR: 2.08 in the ‘severe’ degree). The PAF of mortality due to severe cognitive impairment was 3.49%.
Conclusions.A gradient of increased mortality-risk associated with severity of cognitive impairment was observed. The results support the claim that routine assessment of cognitive function in older adults should be considered in clinical practice.