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Searching for the Synchrotron Cosmic Web Again: A replication attempt – ADDENDUM
- Torrance Hodgson, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Benjamin McKinley, Natasha Hurley-Walker
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- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 39 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 October 2022, e045
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FIGARO Simulation: FIlaments & GAlactic RadiO Simulation – ADDENDUM
- Torrance Hodgson, Franco Vazza, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Benjamin McKinley
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- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 39 / 2022
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- 04 October 2022, e044
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Stacking the synchrotron cosmic web with FIGARO
- Torrance Hodgson, Franco Vazza, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Benjamin McKinley
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- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 39 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 August 2022, e033
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Recently Vernstrom et al. (2021, MNRAS) claimed the first definitive detection of the synchrotron cosmic web, obtained by ‘stacking’ hundreds of thousands of pairs of close-proximity clusters in low-frequency radio observations and looking for a residual excess signal spanning the intracluster bridge. A reproduction study by Hodgson et al. (2022, PASA, 39, e013), using both the original radio data as well as new observations with the Murchison Widefield Array, failed to confirm these findings. Whilst the detection remains unsure, we here turn to stacking a simulated radio sky to understand what kind of excess radio signal is predicted by our current best cosmological models of the synchrotron cosmic web. We use the FIlaments & GAlactic RadiO (FIGARO; Hodgson et al. 2021a, PASA, 38, e047) simulation, which models both the synchrotron cosmic web as well as various subtypes of active galactic nucleii and star-forming galaxies. Being a simulation, we have perfect knowledge of the location of clusters and galaxy groups which we use in our own stacking experiment. Whilst we do find an excess radio signature in our stacks that is attributable to the synchrotron cosmic web, its distribution is very different to that found by Vernstrom et al. (2021, MNRAS). Instead, we observe the appearance of excess emission on the immediate interiors of cluster pairs as a result of asymmetric, ‘radio relic’-like shocks surrounding cluster cores, whilst the excess emission spanning the intracluster region—attributable to filaments proper—is two orders of magnitude lower and undetectable in our experiment even under ideal conditions.
Searching for the synchrotron cosmic web again: A replication attempt
- Torrance Hodgson, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Benjamin McKinley, Natasha Hurley-Walker
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 39 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 April 2022, e013
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We follow up on the surprising recent announcement by Vernstrom et al. (2021, MNRAS) of the detection of the synchrotron cosmic web. We attempt to reproduce their detection with new observations with the Phase II, extended configuration of the Murchison Widefield Array at 118.5 MHz. We reproduce their detection methodology by stacking pairs of nearby luminous red galaxies (LRGs)—used as tracers for clusters and galaxy groups—contained in our low-frequency radio observations. We show that our observations are significantly more sensitive than those used in Vernstrom et al. and that our angular sensitivity is sufficient. And yet, we make no statistically significant detection of excess radio emission along the bridge spanning the LRG pairs. This non-detection is true both for the original LRG pair catalogue as used in Vernstrom et al., as well as for other larger catalogues with modified selection criteria. Finally, we return to the original data sets used in Vernstrom et al., and find that whilst we clearly reproduce the excess X-ray emission from ROSAT, we are not able to reproduce any kind of broad and extended excess intercluster filamentary emission using the original 118.5 MHz MWA survey data. In the interests of understanding this result, as part of this paper we release images of the 14 fields used in this study, the final stacked images, as well as key components of our stacking and modelling code.
FIGARO simulation: FIlaments & GAlactic RadiO simulation
- Torrance Hodgson, Franco Vazza, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Benjamin McKinley
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- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 38 / 2021
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- 20 September 2021, e047
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We produce the first low to mid-frequency radio simulation that incorporates both traditional extragalactic radio sources as well as synchrotron cosmic web emission. The FIlaments & GAlactic RadiO (FIGARO) simulation includes 10 unique 4° × 4° fields, incorporating active galactic nucleii (AGNs), star-forming galaxies (SFGs), and synchrotron cosmic web emission out to a redshift of z = 0.8 and over the frequency range 100–1 400 MHz. To do this, the simulation brings together a recent 1003 Mpc3 magnetohydrodynamic simulation (Vazza et al. 2019, A&A, 627, A5), calibrated to match observed radio relic population statistics, alongside updated ‘T-RECS’ code for simulating extragalactic radio sources (Bonaldi et al. 2019, MNRAS, 482, 2). Uniquely, the AGNs and SFGs are populated and positioned in accordance with the underlying matter density of the cosmological simulation. In this way, the simulation provides an accurate understanding of the apparent morphology, angular scales, and brightness of the cosmic web as well as—crucially—the clustering properties of the cosmic web with respect to the embedded extragalactic radio population. We find that the synchrotron cosmic web does not closely trace the underlying mass distribution of the cosmic web, but is instead dominated by shocked shells of emission surrounding dark matter halos and resembles a large, undetected population of radio relics. We also show that, with accurate kernels, the cosmic web radio emission is clearly detectable by cross-correlation techniques and this signal is separable from the embedded extragalactic radio population. We offer the simulation as a public resource towards the development of techniques for detecting and measuring the synchrotron cosmic web.
ASKAP reveals giant radio halos in two merging SPT galaxy clusters
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- Amanda G. Wilber, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Stefan W. Duchesne, Cyril Tasse, Hiroki Akamatsu, Huib Intema, Torrance Hodgson
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- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 37 / 2020
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- 08 October 2020, e040
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Early science observations from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) have revealed clear signals of diffuse radio emission associated with two clusters detected by the South Pole Telescope via their Sunyaev Zel’dovich signal: SPT CLJ0553-3342 (MACS J0553.4-3342) and SPT CLJ0638-5358 (Abell S0592) are both high-mass lensing clusters that have undergone major mergers. To create science-fidelity images of the galaxy clusters, we performed direction-dependent (DD) calibration and imaging on these ASKAP early science observations using state-of-the-art software killMS and DDFacet. Here, we present our DD calibrated ASKAP radio images of both clusters showing unambiguous giant radio halos with largest linear scales of ${\sim}1$ Mpc. The halo in MACS J0553.4-3342 was previously detected with Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations at 323 MHz but appears more extended in our ASKAP image. Although there is a shock detected in the thermal X-ray emission of this cluster, we find that the particle number density in the shocked region is too low to allow for the generation of a radio shock. The radio halo in Abell S0592 is a new discovery, and the Southwest border of the halo coincides with a shock detected in X-rays. We discuss the origins of these halos considering both the hadronic and turbulent re-acceleration models and sources of seed electrons. This work gives a positive indication of the potential of ASKAP’s Evolutionary Map of the Universe survey in detecting intracluster medium radio sources.
Low(er) frequency follow-up of 28 candidate, large-scale synchrotron sources
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- Torrance Hodgson, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Benjamin McKinley, Tessa Vernstrom, Valentina Vacca
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- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 37 / 2020
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- 20 August 2020, e032
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We follow up on a report by Vacca et al. (2018) of 28 candidate large-scale diffuse synchrotron sources in an 8° × 8° area of the sky (centred at RA 5h0m0s; Dec 5°48ʹ00ʹʹ). These sources were originally observed at 1.4 GHz using a combination of the single-dish Sardinia Radio Telescope and archival NRAO VLA Sky Survey data. They are in an area with nine massive galaxy clusters at $z \approx 0.1$ and are candidates for the first detection of filaments of the synchrotron cosmic web. We attempt to verify these candidate sources with lower frequency observations at 154 MHz with the Murchison Widefield Array and at 887 MHz with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). We use a novel technique to calculate the surface brightness sensitivity of these instruments to show that our lower frequency observations, and in particular those by ASKAP, are ideally suited to detect large-scale, extended synchrotron emission. Nonetheless, we are forced to conclude that none of these sources are likely to be synchrotron in origin or associated with the cosmic web.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. 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