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In June 2014, at its summit in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, the Assembly of Heads of State and Government (“Assembly”) of the African Union adopted the Protocol on Amendments to the Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (the “Malabo Protocol”). This chapter provides an overview of the journey that led to the adoption of the Protocol and the structure of the envisaged African court. The role that the African Court may play as a transitional justice mechanism in Africa and some of its innovative aspects including, corporate criminal responsibility, immunity and range of crimes are also canvassed. Finally, some reflections are proffered on the potential challenges the African Court might be faced with once it becomes operational.
This chapter outlines and analyzes the general jurisdiction for the general affairs section of the proposed African Court of Justice and Human Rights (ACJHR) as set out in the Malabo Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (The Malabo Protocol). The chapter focuses in particular on the most general clause of this general jurisdiction referencing ‘Any question of international law’ to examine whether that clause should be read expansively or restrictively in light of the Malabo Protocol especially as regards the ‘ultimate objective’ of the AU which is the ambitious progressive federalization agenda.
The International Criminal Court was never meant to be the sole institutional response to provide criminal accountability, considering the sheer magnitude of perpetrators across the globe. It seems therefore helpful to examine whether regional or perhaps even sub-regional courts could also play a useful role in the wider quest to mete out individual criminal responsibility for atrocity crimes. This chapter argues that just as is the case with the international human rights system, which is composed of a multilayered national, regional, and international enforcement system, international criminal law would likely in the future benefit from a similar multilevel system of accountability, as already introduced in Africa by the creation of the African Court.
The treaty creating the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples' Rights, if and when it comes into force, contains innovative elements that have potentially significant implications for current substantive and procedural approaches to regional and international dispute settlements. Bringing together leading authorities in international criminal law, human rights and transitional justice, this volume provides the first comprehensive analysis of the 'Malabo Protocol' while situating it within the wider fields of international law and international relations. The book, edited by Professors Jalloh, Clarke and Nmehielle, offers scholarly, empirical, critically engaged and practical analyses of some of its most challenging provisions. Breaking new ground on the African Court, but also treating old concepts in a novel and relevant way, The African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples' Rights in Context is for anyone interested in international law, including international criminal law and international human rights law. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.