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Weed Management and Net Returns With Transgenic, Herbicide-Resistant, and Nontransgenic Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
- A. Stanley Culpepper, Alan C. York
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / June 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 411-420
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Weed management systems were compared in bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton. A standard system of pendimethalin preplant incorporated (PPI), fluometuron preemergence (PRE), fluometuron plus MSMA early postemergence-directed (POST-DIR), and cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR in combination with cultivation controlled broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, common lambsquarters, jimsonweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed 98 to 100% late season. Weed control, cotton yield, and net returns were similar when pyrithiobac or bromoxynil plus MSMA postemergence (POST) replaced fluometuron plus MSMA POST-DIR. Fluometuron PRE had little to no effect in bromoxynil systems. Glyphosate POST to three- to four-leaf-stage cotton followed by cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR and cultivation controlled weeds 96 to 100%. Glyphosate POST followed by glyphosate POST-DIR and cultivation controlled pitted morningglory and large crabgrass 89 to 90% and other species at least 94%. Yields and net returns at one location were similar for glyphosate applied twice or glyphosate POST followed by cyanazine plus MSMA POST-DIR and the standard system. Pendimethalin plus fluometuron in glyphosate systems did not increase yield or net returns. At a location severely infested with large crabgrass, pendimethalin plus fluometuron in glyphosate systems increased yield 37 to 44% and net returns 85 to 108%, respectively, when glyphosate was applied to cotton at the three-to four-leaf stage, but not if glyphosate was applied to cotton at the one-leaf stage. Yield and net returns were similar when bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton were treated using the standard system.
Comparison of Trifloxysulfuron and Pyrithiobac in Glyphosate-Resistant and Bromoxynil-Resistant Cotton
- Jeffrey W. Branson, Kenneth L. Smith, James L. Barrentine
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 19 / Issue 2 / June 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 404-410
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Field studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 at Rohwer, AR. Trifloxysulfuron (5.3 and 8 g ai/ha) and pyrithiobac (70 g ai/ha) were applied preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) broadcast at the two- to three-leaf (EP) and three- to four-leaf (MP) cotton growth stages. Both materials were also applied POST in combination with glyphosate at 560 g ae/ha or bromoxynil at 560 g ai/ha at both growth stages. Trifloxysulfuron applied EP or MP at 8 g/ha provided greater control of sicklepod and pitted morningglory 28 d after application (DAA) than trifloxysulfuron at 5.3 g/ha or pyrithiobac at 70 g/ha; however, control of prickly sida was greater with pyrithiobac than with trifloxysulfuron at either rate. Glyphosate alone controlled sicklepod, prickly sida, and pitted morningglory greater than 80%. The addition of trifloxysulfuron at 8 g/ha and pyrithiobac at 70 g/ ha increased control of all species over glyphosate alone 28 DAA. Bromoxynil at 560 g/ha controlled pitted morningglory and hemp sesbania at all application timings; however, sicklepod and Palmer amaranth control was less than 50% with bromoxynil applied alone. When bromoxynil was applied in combination with trifloxysulfuron at either rate, control of sicklepod and Palmer amaranth increased to 80% or greater at all application timings. Trifloxysulfuron has the potential to complement both the glyphosate-resistant and bromoxynil-resistant weed control programs by providing control of less susceptible weeds and by providing residual control to both programs.
Weed Management in Ultra Narrow Row Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
- A. Stanley Culpepper, Alan C. York
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / March 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 19-29
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New weed management tools and growth regulators make production of ultra narrow row (UNR) cotton possible. Weed control, cotton yield, fiber quality, and net returns were compared in UNR bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton. Weeds included broadleaf signalgrass, carpetweed, common cocklebur, common lambsquarters, common ragweed, goosegrass, jimsonweed, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, sicklepod, smooth pigweed, and tall morningglory. Pendimethalin preplant incorporated (PPI) in conventional-tillage or preemergence (PRE) in no-till systems plus fluometuron PRE did not adequately control many of these weeds. Pyrithiobac plus MSMA early postemergence (POST) often was more effective than pyrithiobac alone. Pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by pyrithiobac plus MSMA early POST controlled sicklepod 82%, goosegrass 89%, Palmer amaranth 92%, and the other species at least 95% late season. Pyrithiobac at mid-POST did not improve control. Bromoxynil plus MSMA early POST was more effective than bromoxynil alone only on sicklepod. Pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by bromoxynil plus MSMA early POST controlled sicklepod 62%, Palmer amaranth 81%, goosegrass 83%, and all other species at least 95%. Glyphosate early POST did not adequately control many species due to sustained weed emergence. Glyphosate early POST followed by glyphosate late POST (after last effective bloom date) controlled all species except pitted morningglory and tall morningglory at least 93%. Pendimethalin plus fluometuron followed by glyphosate early POST was the most effective glyphosate system overall, and it controlled sicklepod 88%, pitted morningglory 90%, and other species at least 93%. Glyphosate late POST did not increase control in systems with pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by glyphosate early POST. Yields and net returns were similar with all herbicide/cultivar systems at two of five locations. At other locations, yields and net returns were similar with systems of pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by pyrithiobac plus MSMA early POST, pendimethalin plus fluometuron followed by bromoxynil plus MSMA early POST, and glyphosate early POST. Greatest yields and net returns were obtained with pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by glyphosate early POST. Herbicide systems did not affect fiber quality.
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