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The role of rare innate immune cells in Type 2 immune activation against parasitic helminths

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 June 2017

LAUREN M. WEBB Open the ORCID record for LAUREN M. WEBB [Opens in a new window]  and
ELIA D. TAIT WOJNO
LAUREN M. WEBB
Affiliation:
Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
ELIA D. TAIT WOJNO*
Affiliation:
Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. E-mail: elia.taitwojno@cornell.edu
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Summary

The complexity of helminth macroparasites is reflected in the intricate network of host cell types that participate in the Type 2 immune response needed to battle these organisms. In this context, adaptive T helper 2 cells and the Type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 have been the focus of research for years, but recent work has demonstrated that the innate immune system plays an essential role. Some innate immune cells that promote Type 2 immunity are relatively abundant, such as macrophages and eosinophils. However, we now appreciate that more rare cell types including group 2 innate lymphoid cells, basophils, mast cells and dendritic cells make significant contributions to these responses. These cells are found at low frequency but they are specialized to their roles – located at sites such as the skin, lung and gut, where the host combats helminth parasites. These cells respond rapidly and robustly to worm antigens and worm-induced damage to produce essential cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids and histamine to activate damaged epithelium and to recruit other effectors. Thus, a greater understanding of how these cells operate is essential to understand how the host protects itself during helminth infection.

Keywords

innatehelminthType 2basophilILC2dendriticmast cellmucosal
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Issue 10 , September 2017 , pp. 1288 - 1301
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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