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Macrosystem and Women’s Fear of Crime in Intimate Relations: An Integrated Model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2020

Camila Iglesias ,
Carla Cardoso  and
Pedro Sousa
Camila Iglesias*
Affiliation:
School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Porto, Portugal
Carla Cardoso
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Crime, Justice and Security (CJS), Faculty of Law, University of Porto, Portugal
Pedro Sousa
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Crime, Justice and Security (CJS), Faculty of Law, University of Porto, Portugal
*
*Corresponding Author: Camila Iglesias, Rua dos Bragas, 223, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal. E-mail: camilaiglesias04@gmail.com
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Abstract

Fear of crime has been the focus of fruitful criminological investigation for the last 50 years. Simultaneously, the literature related to intimate partner violence has also been developing. Empirical studies have neglected the association between fear of crime and violence committed in private spaces, so this research seeks to provide an integrated approach to these concepts. Using the data from the first Brazilian National Victimization Survey, this research aims to explore how fear of violence in intimate relationships is associated with both individual and macro-contextual variables, in an ecological framework as proposed by Heise. Statistical analyses were conducted by aggregating data, and the analytical model integrated both individual- and macro-level variables and took the fear of intimate partner violence as the outcome variable. The results demonstrate a strong association between the fear of intimate partner violence and the individual-level predictors tested, especially previous victimization as well as social inequality (Gini coefficient). This way, results indicate that fear of crime manifests its predictors far beyond what the dyad “victim–aggressor” may suggest.

Abstracto

Abstracto

El miedo al crimen ha sido el foco de una fructífera investigación criminológica desde los últimos cincuenta años. Simultáneamente, también se ha desarrollado la literatura relacionada con la violencia de pareja íntima (IPV). Los estudios empíricos han descuidado la asociación entre el miedo al delito y la violencia cometida en espacios privados, por lo que esta investigación busca proporcionar un enfoque integrado a estos conceptos. Utilizando los datos de la primera Encuesta Nacional de Victimización de Brasil, esta investigación tiene como objetivo explorar cómo el miedo a la violencia en las relaciones íntimas se asocia a variables individuales y contextuales-macro, en un marco ecológico propuesto por Heise. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron mediante la agregación de datos. El modelo analítico integra variables individuales a nivel macro y toma el miedo a la violencia de pareja (FIPV) como la variable de resultado. Los resultados demuestran una fuerte asociación entre el miedo a la violencia de la pareja y los predictores a nivel individual evaluados, especialmente la victimización previa y la desigualdad social (coeficiente Gini). De esta manera, los resultados indican que el miedo al crimen manifiesta sus predictores mucho más allá de lo que la diada ‘víctima-agresor’ puede sugerir.

Abstrait

Abstrait

La peur du crime fait l’objet d’une enquête criminologique fructueuse depuis les cinquante dernières années. Simultanément, la littérature relative à la violence entre partenaires intimes (VPI) s’est également développée. Les études empiriques ont négligé l’association entre la peur du crime et la violence commise dans les espaces privés, de sorte que cette recherche vise à fournir une approche intégrée de ces concepts. En utilisant les données de la première enquête nationale brésilienne sur la victimisation, cette recherche vise à explorer comment la peur de la violence dans les relations intimes est associée à la fois aux variables individuelles et contextuelles macro, dans un cadre écologique tel que proposé par Heise. Des analyses statistiques ont été menées en agrégeant les données, et le modèle analytique intègre à la fois des variables individuelles au niveau macro et prend la peur de la violence entre partenaires intimes (FIPV) comme variable de résultat. Les résultats démontrent une forte association entre la peur de la violence entre partenaires intimes et les prédicteurs individuels testés, en particulier la victimisation antérieure ainsi que les inégalités sociales (coefficient Gini). De cette manière, les résultats indiquent que la peur du crime manifeste ses prédicteurs bien au-delà de ce que la dyade «victime-agresseur» peut suggérer.

摘要：

摘要：

近五十年来，对犯罪的恐惧是卓有成效的犯罪学调查的焦点。与此同时，关于亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)的文献也一直在不断发展。实证研究忽略了对犯罪的恐惧和在私人空间实施暴力之间的联系，因此，本研究试图为这些概念提供一个综合的方法。本研究利用巴西第一次全国受害调查的数据，旨在探索在Heise提出的生态框架下，亲密关系中恐惧暴力与个体、环境宏观变量相关联。通过汇总数据进行统计分析，分析模型综合了个人和宏观层面的变量，并将亲密伙伴暴力恐惧(FIPV)作为结果变量。研究结果表明，亲密伴侣暴力恐惧与被测试的个人层面的预测因子之间存在很强的关联，尤其是以前的受害经历以及社会不平等因素(基尼系数)。这样，研究结果显示，犯罪恐惧显现出远远超过并向矢量“受害者-攻击者”可能表达的预测性。

ملخّص

ملخّص

لا زال الخوف من الجريمة محور تحقيق إجرامي مثمر منذ خمسين عامًا. وفي الوقت نفسه، تمّ تطوير النصوص الأدبيّة المتعلقة بعنف الشريك الحميم (Intimate Partner Violence IPV). وبما أنّ الدراسات التجريبية قد أهملت العلاقة بين الخوف من الجريمة والعنف المرتكب في الأماكن الخاصة، يسعى هذا البحث إلى تقديم نهج متكامل لهذه المفاهيم. كما يهدف إلى استكشاف كيفية ارتباط الخوف من العنف في العلاقات الحميمة بكل من المتغيرات الفرديّة والسياقيّة الكليّة، باستخدام بيانات المسح الوطني البرازيلي الأول للضحايا، في إطار بيئيّ على النحو الذي اقترحه Heise. تمّ إجراء التحليلات الإحصائيّة عن طريق تجميع البيانات. ويدمج النموذج التّحليليّ كلا من المتغيّرات الفرديّة على المستوى الكليّ ويعتبر الخوف من عنف الشريك الحميم (FIPV) كمتغيّر النّتيجة. تظهِر النتائج وجود ارتباط قوي بين الخوف من عنف الشريك الحميم والمؤشّرات على المستوى الفرديّ الّذين تمّ اختبارها، لا سيّما ضحايا الإيذاء السّابق والتّباين الإجتماعيّ (معامل جيني Gini coefficient). وبذلك، تشير النتائج إلى أن الخوف من الجريمة يُظْهِر مؤشّرات بما يتجاوز بكثير ما قد تشير إليه وحدة تحليل العلاقة الثّنائيّة (دياد dyad)"الضحية-المعتدي”.

Keywords

fear of crimeintimate partner violencemacrosystemmultilevel analysesmiedo al crimenviolencia de parejamacrosistemaanálisis multinivelpeur du crimela violence conjugalemacrosystèmeanalyse à plusieurs niveaux犯罪恐惧亲密伴侣暴力宏观系统多层次分析الخوفمنالجريمة؛عنفالشريكالحميم؛النّظامالكليّتحليلمتعددالمستويات
Type
Article
Information
International Annals of Criminology , Volume 57 , Issue 1-2 , May 2019 , pp. 172 - 197
Copyright
© 2020 International Society of Criminology

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