Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2pzkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-19T10:44:27.255Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Transition to Export-led Growth in South Korea: 1954–1966

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Stephan Haggard ,
Byung-Kook Kim  and
Chung-in Moon
Get access

Extract

Two basic positions have framed recent debates about South Korea's remarkable economic growth. The neoclassical position traces South Korea's take-off to a set of policy reforms in 1964 and 1965 that launched the country on the path toward export-led growth (Frank, Kim, and Westphal 1975; Kuznets 1977; Krueger 1979). Policy was far from laissez-faire, but on the whole, the reforms moved Korea in a more market-oriented direction that sought to exploit Korea's comparative advantage. The “statists,” by contrast, detail the pervasive intervention of the Korean government in the economy, even after the shift toward an outward-oriented strategy. Moreover, they argue that such intervention promoted rapid economic growth (Leudde-Neurath 1985; Jones and Sakong 1980; Amsden 1989).

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 50 , Issue 4 , November 1991 , pp. 850 - 873
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Amsden, Alice H. 1989. Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bark, Dong Suh. 1967. “Public Personnel Administration System in South Korea.” Ph.D. diss., University of Minnesota.Google Scholar
Bernstein, D. 1966. “Memo to W. W. Rostow,” Lyndon Baines Johnson Papers, Confidential File, Lyndon B. Johnson Library, November 8. Austin, Texas.Google Scholar
Brown, Gilbert T. 1973. Korean Pricing Policies and Economic Development in the 1960s. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Brubeck, William. 1962. “Memo to McGeorge Bundy—Subject: Accomplishments of American Investment Group Headed by Gen. Van Fleet in Korea,” Presidential Papers of John F. Kennedy (JFK) Library, National Security Files, JFK Library, May 20. Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Chu, Sok-Kyun. 1962. “Why American Aid Failed.” Koreana Quarterly, 4, 1 (Autumn).Google Scholar
Cole, David. 1980. “Foreign Assistance and Korean Development.” In Cole, David, Lim, Youngil, and Kuznet, Paul W., eds., The Korean Economy: Issues of Development. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California.Google Scholar
Cole, David, and Lyman., Princeton 1971. Korean Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, David, and Park., Young Chul 1983. Financial Development in Korea 1945–1978. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cumings, Bruce. 1981. The Origins of the Korean War. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Deyo, Frederic C. 1987. The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism. Ithaca: Cornell University.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EPB (Economic Planning Board). 1962. Summary of the First Year Economic Plan 1962–1966. Seoul: EPB.Google Scholar
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 1953. “Letter to Syngman Rhee,” Papers of D. D. Eisenhower (DDE), International Series, DDE Library, November 11. Abilene, Kansas.Google Scholar
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 1960. “Memorandum of Conference with the President, June 20, 1960.” Papers of DDE, International Series, DDE Library.Google Scholar
Farley, Hugh D. 1961. “The Situation in Korea, February 1961.” Presidential Papers of JFK. National Security Files, JFK Library.Google Scholar
FRUS (Foreign Relations of the United States). 1984. “Draft Agreed Minute of Conference between President Eisenhower and President Rhee and Their Advisors, Washington D.C., July 31 1954.” Foreign Relations of the United States 1982–1954, Volume XV Korea, Part 2. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Frank, Charles R., Kim, Kwang Suk, and Westphal, Larry E.. 1975. Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: South Korea. New York: Columbia University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
GAO (Government Accounting Office). 1962. Report on Examination of Economic and Technical Assistance Program for Korea, International Cooperation Administration, Department of State, Fiscal Years 1957–1961. Part 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Hangminsa, . 1985. Hyŏkmyŏng caep'an: Kirok [Revolutionary Trial: Records]. Seoul: Hangminsa.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephan. 1990. Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephan, and Moon., Chung-In 1990. “Institutions and Economic Growth: Theory and a Korean Case Study.” World Politics 42, 2 (January).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haggard, Stephan, and Moon., Chung-In 1983. “Liberal, Dependent or Mercantile?: The South Korean State in the International System.” In Ruggie, John, ed., Antinomies of Interdependence. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Han, Sung-Joo. 1974. The Failure of Democracy in South Korea. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, Gregory. 1968. Korea: Politics of the Vortex. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hong, Wontak. 1979. Trade, Distortions and Employment Growth in Korea. Seoul: Korea Development Institute. Table 3.3, p. 54–55.Google Scholar
Hong, Wontak, and Park., Yung Chul 1986. “The Financing of Export-Oriented Growth in Korea.” In Tan, Augustine H. H. and Kapur, Basant, eds., Pacific Growth and Financial Interdependence. Sidney: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Im, Ch'ŏlgyu. 1965. “Yusom [U.S.O.M-United States Operations Mission].” Sindonga. May.Google Scholar
Im, Myo-Bin. 1968. “5.16 ihu ûi chaegye kaehyŏn [The Reshuffling of the Business World after May 16].” Sindonga. May.Google Scholar
Jones, Leroy, and Sakong., Il 1980. Government, Business and Entrepreneurship in Economic Development: The Korean Case. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, [Studies in the Modernization of the Republic of Korea, 1945–1970].Google Scholar
Kihl, Young Whan, and Kim., C. I. Eugene 1976. Party Politics and Elections in Korea. Silver Spring, MD: The Research Institute on Korean Affairs.Google Scholar
Kim, Chinbae and Channae., Pak 1968. “Cha'gwan [Foreign Loans].” Sindonga. December.Google Scholar
Kim, Chinhyŏn. 1964. “Pujŏng ch'ukchae chŏnmalsŏ [The A to Z of Illicit Wealth Accumulation].” Sindonga. November.Google Scholar
Kim, Chong Lim and Pai., Seong-Tong 1981. Legislative Process in Korea. Seoul: Seoul National University Press. Ch. 1.Google Scholar
Kim, Joungwon A. 1975. Divided Korea: The Politics of Development 1945–1972. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kim, Kwan Bong. 1971. The Korean-Japan Treaty Crisis and the Instability of the Korean Political System. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Kim, Kyong-Dong. 1976. “Political Factors in the Formation of the Entrepreneurial Elite in South Korea.” Asian Survey 15 No. 5 (May): 465–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Quee-Young. 1983. The Fall of Syngman Rhee. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, Korea Research Monograph # 7, University of California.Google Scholar
Kim, Se Jin. 1971. The Politics of Military Revolution in Korea. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Kim, Sŏngdu. 1965. Chaebŏl kwa pin'gon [Chaebol and Poverty]. Seoul: Paekchŏng munhwasa.Google Scholar
KMOF (Korean Ministry of Finance). 1978. Chaejŏng kumyung samsimnyŏnsa [Thirty Years of Financing and Banking]. Seoul: KMOF.Google Scholar
Krueger, Anne O. 1979. The Development of the Foreign Sector and Aid. Cambridge: Harvard University Press [Studies in the Modernization of the Republic of Korea 1945–1975]. Ch. 3.Google Scholar
Kunsa, Hyŏngmyŏng P'yŏnch Anwiwŏnhoe. 1963. Han'guk kunsa Hyŏngmyŏngsa [History of the Military Revolution in Korea] Seoul: kukga chaegŏn ch'oego hoeûi.Google Scholar
Kuznets, Paul W. 1977. Economic Growth and Structure in the Republic of Korea. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Landers, Frank M. 1967. Technical Assistance in Public Administration: USOM/Korea 1955–1967. Seoul: United States Operations Mission/Korea.Google Scholar
Lee, Hahn Been. 1968. Time, Change, Administration. Honolulu: East-West Center.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Hahn Been. 1982. Future, Innovation and Development. Seoul: Panmun Book Co.Google Scholar
Leudde-Neurath, Richard. 1985. “State Intervention and Export-oriented Development in South Korea.” In White, Gordon and Wade, Robert, eds., Development and States in East Asia. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, [Research Report #16].Google Scholar
Lewis, John P. 1955. Reconstruction and Development in South Korea. Washington, D.C.: National Planning Association.Google Scholar
Lim, Jong Chul. 1967. “Economic Development in Korea and U.S. Economic Missions Reports and Advice.” Koreana Quarterly, 9, no. 2 (Winter):41–54.Google Scholar
Lim, Youngil. 1981. Government Policy and Private Enterprise: The Korean Experience in Industrialization. Berkeley: University of California, Institute of East Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Lyons, Gene M. 1961. Military Policy and Economic Aid: The Korean Case 1950–1953. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.Google Scholar
Mckinnon, Ronald. 1973. Money and Capital in Economic Development. Washington: The Brookings Institute.Google Scholar
Meade, E. Grant. 1951. American Military Government in Korea. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Moon, Chung-In. 1988. “The Demise of a Developmentalist State?: Neoconservative Reforms and Political Consequences in South Korea.” Journal of Developing Societies 6:2.Google Scholar
Most, Amicus. 1969. Expanding Exports: A Case Study of the Korean Experience. Washington: U.S. Agency for International Development.Google Scholar
National Security Council. 1961. “Presidential Task Force on Korea,” Presidential Papers of JFK, National Security Files, JFK Library, June 5.Google Scholar
Hyojin., O. 1986. “O Hyojin i mannan saram: Kim Chongp'il: [Kim Jong-pil: The Person O Hyojin Met].” Wŏlgan chosŏn. December.Google Scholar
Oh, John Kie-Chiang. 1968. Korea: Democracy on Trial. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Pak, Tongsŏ. 1961. Historical Development of Korea's Bureaucratic System. Seoul: Han'guk yongusa.Google Scholar
Pak, Hûibŏm. 1967. “Han'guk chŏngdang kwa kyŏngje chŏngch'aek [Political Parties in Korea and Economic Policies].” Chŏnggyŏng yŏn'gu. May.Google Scholar
Pak, Pyŏngyun. 1982. Chaebŏl kwa chŏngch'i [Chaebol and Politics]. Seoul: Han'guk yon'gusa.Google Scholar
Palais, James. 1973. “Democracy in South Korea, 1948–1972.” In Baldwin, Frank, ed., Without Parallel: The American-South Korean Relationship Since 1945. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Park, Chung Hee. 1971. Our Nation's Path. Seoul: Kwangmyong.Google Scholar
Park, Chung Hee. 1962. The Country, the Revolution and I. Seoul: Holim.Google Scholar
Pu, Wan Hyok. 1961. “The History of American Aid to Korea.” Koreana Quarterly. 3, no. 1 (Summer):71–96.Google Scholar
Rhee, Yung Hee, Ross-Larson, B. and Pursell., G. 1984. Korea's Competitive Edge. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press for the World Bank.Google Scholar
Rodrik, Dani. 1990. “Promises, Promises: Credible Policy Reform via Signalling.” Economic Journal. 99 (September): 756–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rostow, Walter W. 1961. “Memo to John F. Kennedy—Subject: Korea,” Presidential Papers of JFK, JFK Library, March 15.Google Scholar
Sindonga. 1965. “Taedam: T'ukhye kumyung ch'anban nonjaeng [Roundtable: Pros and Cons of Preferential Financing].” Sindonga. April.Google Scholar
Song, Wŏnyŏng. 1960. “Kyŏngmudae ûi inwi changmak [Human Curtain of Presidential Mansion].” Sasanggye. June.Google Scholar
Tan, Augustine H. H., and Kapir., Basant 1986. Pacific Growth and Financial Interdependence. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Trimberger, Ellen Kay. 1978. Revolutions from Above: Military Bureaucrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt, and Peru. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.Google Scholar
U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on International Organizations. Committee on International Relations. 1978. Investigation of Korean-American Relations. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. Part 6.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy (Seoul). 1954. “Policies and Action of R.O.K. Government in Economic Field,” Foreign Service Dispatch, U.S. Embassy to State, February 18. Record Group 59- 895.00/2–1854. National Archives. Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy (Seoul). 1961. U.S. Embassy (Seoul) to State, Telegram #293, August 12. Presidential Papers of JFK, National Security Files. JFK Library.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy (Seoul). 1963a. U.S. Embassy to State, Telegram #22. January 8. Presidential Papers of JFK, National Security Files. JFK Library.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy (Seoul). 1963b. U.S. Embassy to State, Telegram #90, July 20. Presidential Papers of JFK, National Security Files. JFK Library.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy (Seoul). 1963c. U.S. Embassy to State, Telegram #690. November 17, 1963. Presidential Papers of JFK, National Security Files. JFK Library.Google Scholar
U.S. Embassy (Seoul). 1963d. U.S. Embassy to State, Telegram #838. April 29. Presidential Papers of JFK, National Security Files. JFK Library.Google Scholar
White, Gordon, and Wade., Robert 1985. Developmental States in East Asia. Brighton: Institute for Development Studies Research Report # 16.Google Scholar
Williamson, Oliver. 1985. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Wood, Taylor. 1953. “Foreign Operations Administration to State,” September 5. Record Group 59, 895.OO/9–553. National Archives.Google Scholar
Bank., World 1964. The Current Economic Position and Prospects of the Republic of Korea. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Yi, Kyŏngnam. 1985. “Haebanghu kwŏllyŏkhyŏng pujŏng ch'ukchae [Illicit Wealth Accumulation through Power Connections since Independence].” Sindonga. April.Google Scholar
Yi, Mu Yŏng. 1966. “Kongmuwŏn pup'ae isimnyŏnsa. [Twenty Years of Public Servants' Corruption].” Sasang kye. March.Google Scholar