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Mitochondrial phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae) with emphasis on relationships among Echinococcus canadensis genotypes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2013

MINORU NAKAO ,
TETSUYA YANAGIDA ,
SERGEY KONYAEV ,
ANTTI LAVIKAINEN ,
VALERIY A. ODNOKURTSEV ,
VLADIMIR A. ZAIKOV  and
AKIRA ITO
MINORU NAKAO*
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
TETSUYA YANAGIDA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
SERGEY KONYAEV
Affiliation:
Institute Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
ANTTI LAVIKAINEN
Affiliation:
Infection Biology Program/Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
VALERIY A. ODNOKURTSEV
Affiliation:
Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677980, Russia
VLADIMIR A. ZAIKOV
Affiliation:
Federal State Budget Institution ‘Kenozero National Park’, Naberejnaya Severnoy Dviny 78, Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia Russian Academy of Sciences Ural Department, Institute of Ecologial Problems in the North, Severnay Dvina Emb. 23, Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia
AKIRA ITO
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
*
*Corresponding author. Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan. Tel.: +81 166 68 2423. Fax: +81 166 68 2429. E-mail: nakao@asahikawa-med.ac.jp
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Summary

The mitochondrial genomes of the genus Echinococcus have already been sequenced for most species and genotypes to reconstruct their phylogeny. However, two important taxa, E. felidis and E. canadensis G10 genotype (Fennoscandian cervid strain), were lacking in the published phylogeny. In this study, the phylogeny based on mitochondrial genome sequences was completed with these taxa. The present phylogeny highly supports the previous one, with an additional topology showing sister relationships between E. felidis and E. granulosus sensu stricto and between E. canadensis G10 and E. canadensis G6/G7 (closely related genotypes referred to as camel and pig strains, respectively). The latter relationship has a crucial implication for the species status of E. canadensis. The cervid strain is composed of two genotypes (G8 and G10), but the present phylogeny clearly suggests that they are paraphyletic. The paraphyly was also demonstrated by analysing the complete nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of E. canadensis genotypes from various localities. A haplotype network analysis using the short cox1 sequences from worldwide isolates clearly showed a close relatedness of G10 to G6/G7. Domestic and sylvatic life cycles based on the host specificity of E. canadensis strains have been important for epidemiological considerations. However, the taxonomic treatment of the strains as separate species or subspecies is invalid from a molecular cladistic viewpoint.

Keywords

Mitochondrial genomeEchinococcusphylogeny
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 140 , Special Issue 13: Control of cestode zoonoses in Asia: role of basic and applied science , November 2013 , pp. 1625 - 1636
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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