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Role of photosymbiosis and biogeography in the diversification of early Paleogene acarininids (planktonic foraminifera)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2016

Frédéric Quillévéré ,
Richard. D. Norris ,
Issam Moussa  and
William. A. Berggren
Frédéric Quillévéré
Affiliation:
Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, cc064, Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France. E-mail: quilli@isem.univ-montp2.fr
Richard. D. Norris
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543. E-mail: rnorris@whoi.edu
Issam Moussa
Affiliation:
Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, cc064, Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France. E-mail: quilli@isem.univ-montp2.fr
William. A. Berggren
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543. E-mail: rnorris@whoi.edu
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Abstract

Radiations are commonly believed to be linked to the evolutionary appearance of a novel morphology or ecology. Previous studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the evolutionary appearance of algal photosymbiosis in planktonic foraminifera and evolutionary diversification of Paleogene photosymbiotic clades. For example, the evolution of photosymbiosis was synchronous with the abrupt evolution of four major groups of Paleogene planktonic foraminifera including two clades within the genus Morozovella, as well as the genera Acarinina and Igorina. Our new isotopic and biogeographic data suggest that the acarininids evolved from a photosymbiotic ancestor (which we identify as Praemurica inconstans or early representatives of Praemurica uncinata), but also demonstrate that photosymbiosis did not trigger an immediate species-level radiation in this group. Instead, the acarininids remained a low-diversity taxon restricted to high latitudes for nearly 1.8 million years before radiating ecologically and taxonomically. The eventual radiation of the acarininids is tied to an expansion of their geographic range into the mid and low latitudes. Biogeographic analyses of modern plankton suggest that high-latitude environments may be less conducive to establishing radiations simply because there are fewer niches available to be filled than there are in the tropics. Accordingly, the acarininids may have initially failed to diversify because they started off in environments that presented few opportunities to sustain a large radiation. The high-latitude origin of the acarininids continued to retard their overall diversification until they were able to develop strategies that allowed them to expand into tropical environments and fully exploit their photosymbiotic ecology.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , Spring 2001 , pp. 311 - 326
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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