Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T18:44:21.433Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Validation of the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-R) for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia in a Japanese population

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2011

Hidenori Yoshida ,
Seishi Terada ,
Hajime Honda ,
Yuki Kishimoto ,
Naoya Takeda ,
Etsuko Oshima ,
Keisuke Hirayama ,
Osamu Yokota  and
Yosuke Uchitomi
Hidenori Yoshida*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Minami-Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
Seishi Terada
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Hajime Honda
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Yuki Kishimoto
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Naoya Takeda
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Etsuko Oshima
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Keisuke Hirayama
Affiliation:
Yura Hospital, Okayama, Japan
Osamu Yokota
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
Yosuke Uchitomi
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Hidenori Yoshida, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Phone: +81-86-235-7242, Fax: +81-86-235-7246. Email: hyoshida416@yahoo.co.jp.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: Early detection of dementia will be important for implementation of disease-modifying treatments in the near future. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-R J) for identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Methods: We translated and adapted the original ACE-R for use with a Japanese population. Standard tests for evaluating cognitive decline and dementing disorders were applied. A total of 242 subjects (controls = 73, MCI = 39, dementia = 130) participated in this study.

Results: The optimal cut-off scores of ACE-R J for detecting MCI and dementia were 88/89 (sensitivity 0.87, specificity 0.92) and 82/83 (sensitivity 0.99, specificity 0.99) respectively. ACE-R J was superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination in the detection of MCI (area under the curve (AUC): 0.952 vs. 0.868), while the accuracy of the two instruments did not differ significantly in identifying dementia (AUC: 0.999 vs. 0.993). The inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.999), test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.883), and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.903) of ACE-R J were excellent.

Conclusion: ACE-R J proved to be an accurate cognitive instrument for detecting MCI and mild dementia. Further neuropsychological evaluation is required for the differential diagnosis of dementia subtypes.

Keywords

Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination revisedmild cognitive impairmentdementiaJapanesevalidation study
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 28 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexopoulos, P. et al. (2010). Validation of the German revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for detecting mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 29, 448–456. doi: 10.1159/000312685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berg, L., Miller, J. P., Baty, J., Rubin, E. H., Morris, J. C. and Figiel, G. (1992). Mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: 4. Evaluation of intervention. Annals of Neurology, 31, 242–249. doi: 10.1002/ana.410310303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bland, J. M. and Altman, D. G. (1995). Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni method. BMJ, 310, 170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carvalho, V. A., Barbosa, M. T. and Caramelli, P. (2010). Brazilian version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-revised in the diagnosis of mild Alzheimer disease. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 23, 8–13. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e3181c5e2e5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cronbach, L. J. and Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ganguli, M., Snitz, B. E., Lee, C. W., Vanderbilt, J., Saxton, J. A. and Chang, C. C. (2010). Age and education effects and norms on a cognitive test battery from a population-based cohort: the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team. Aging and Mental Health, 14, 100–107. doi: 10.1080/13607860903071014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ito, E., Hatta, T., Ito, Y., Kogure, T. and Watanabe, H. (2004). Performance of verbal fluency tasks in Japanese healthy adults: effect of gender, age and education on the performance. Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology, 20, 254–263 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Konstantinopoulou, E., Kosmidis, M. H., Ioannidis, P., Kiosseoglou, G., Karacostas, D. and Taskos, N. (2010). Adaptation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised for the Greek population. European Journal of Neurology, Epublished ahead of print: doi: 10.1111/j.1468–1331.2010.03173.x.Google Scholar
Kwak, Y. T., Yang, Y. and Kim, G. W. (2010). Korean Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (K-ACER) for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and subcortical ischemic vascular dementia. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 10, 295–301. doi: 10.1111/j.1447–0594.2010.00624.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lonie, J. A., Tierney, K. M. and Ebmeier, K. P. (2009). Screening for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, 902–915. doi: 10.1002/gps.2208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathuranath, P. S., Nestor, P. J., Berrios, G. E., Rakowicz, W. and Hodges, J. R. (2000). A brief cognitive test battery to differentiate Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Neurology, 55, 1613–1620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKeith, I. G. et al. (2005). Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology, 65, 1863–1872.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D. and Stadlan, E. M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34, 939–944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mioshi, E., Dawson, K., Mitchell, J., Arnold, R. and Hodges, J. R. (2006). The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): a brief cognitive test battery for dementia screening. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 1078–1085. doi: 10.1002/gps.1610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, A. J. (2009). A meta-analysis of the accuracy of the Mini-Mental State Examination in the detection of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 411–431. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.04.014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, J., Arnold, R., Dawson, K., Nestor, P. J. and Hodges, J. R. (2009). Outcome in subgroups of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is highly predictable using a simple algorithm. Journal of Neurology, 256, 1500–1509. doi: 10.1007/s00415-009-5152-0.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, J. C. (1993). The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology, 43, 2412–2414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neary, D. et al. (1998). Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology, 51, 1546–1554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petersen, R. C. (2004). Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. Journal of Internal Medicine, 256, 183–194. doi:10.1111/j.1365–2796.2004.01388.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Román, G. C. et al. (1993). Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report on the NINDS-AIREN International Work Group. Neurology, 43, 250–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snodgrass, J. G. and Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 174–215.Google ScholarPubMed
Souma, Y. and Tanabe, H. (2003). Shitsugo no shoukougaku (Symptomatology of Aphasia). Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin Ltd.Google Scholar
Sugishita, M. (2001). Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) Japanese version. Tokyo: Nihon Bunka Kagakusha Co. Ltd.Google Scholar
Sugishita, M. (2009). Present status and perspective of cognitive assessment in dementia. Dementia Japan, 23, 55–63 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Vergara, I. A., Norambuena, T., Ferrada, E., Slater, A. W. and Melo, F. (2008). StAR: a simple tool for the statistical comparison of ROC curves. BMC Bioinformatics, 9, 265. doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warrington, E. K. and James, M. (1991). Visual Object and Space Perception Battery. Bury St. Edmunds: Thames Valley Test Company.Google Scholar