About the Author

Arthur Hughes taught applied linguistics at the University of Reading for twenty-five years, setting up and directing the Testing and Evaluation Unit there. On leave from Reading, he directed English language testing projects at Bosphorus University, Istanbul (1982-4) and in the Ministry of Secondary Education, Morocco (1992-3).

He was joint founder-editor of the international journal Language Testing, and has published widely in the field of testing and has carried out consultancies in the United Kingdom and in several countries overseas. Now retired, he continues to write and act as a consultant, dividing his time between rural Wales and the south of Spain.