Free Speech in Psychiatry is Essential, to Meet Bias, Distress, and Upheaval, and to Promote Nonviolence, Justice, and Belonging

26 December 2025, Version 3
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press at the time of posting.

Abstract

Free speech is a fundamental right in American democracy, essential in protecting and promoting democracy, examining bias and power, and thus helping to produce better mental health and social well-being. Freedom of speech is vital in psychiatric care, as well as integration, understanding, and growth in organizational psychiatry. Channels of free speech include email listservs which pose unique challenges to cognitive, intellectual, emotional, and relational capacity. Communication on distressing subjects has been difficult, with some fearing that disagreement could tear organizations apart. Others have felt silenced and marginalized when attempting to raise awareness of issues such as the humanitarian effects of the post-10/7 war in Gaza. However, some recipients of these communications have reported feeling less informed than “assaulted.” By highlighting the pro-social possibilities of free speech, individuals and organizations can move through fears and distress, as well as professional biases towards silence, avoidance, neutrality, and “abstinence,” which all work to serve a status quo of unresolved conflict and disconnection. Relational cultural theory has it that suffering is a crisis in connection, and the opposite of suffering is belonging. Free speech can thus be a tool to cultivate belonging through cultural and organizational growth, and thus decrease disconnection and suffering.

Keywords

free speech
democracy
listservs
mental health
psychiatry
relational cultural theory
Gaza

Comments

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Comment number 2, Austina Cho: Jan 01, 2026, 10:16

This working paper provides a profound, innovative perspective on addressing issues with organizational communication within a professional organization representing individuals tasked with significant responsibilities to address and alleviate human psychological suffering. Words convey potential for creation in the Biblical sense, but what is the intent for creation? Hopefully, in institutional settings, words are used to create a safe forum for professionals to discuss best evidence based practices and foster a therapeutic space to allow true healing at the visceral, somatic level for clinicians and, eventually, clients. Politics in a broad sense has implications on many social determinants of health and mental health by affecting allocation of resources. A nation's budget which is spent on wars and destruction of human lives is not only morally reprehensible against those human lives directly affected but also takes away resources which could be used to create a just, saner, and more compassionate world. Dr. Chandra's reference on free association is more a metaphor for engaging in genuine discourse than a literal definition. The goal of free association to "bypass ego defenses and access unconscious processes" sounds quite rational as mentioned by Dr. Ramakrishnan, and theoretically pleasing in a sterile, ideal, therapeutic environment. However, in practice, true healing is rarely successful without honest dialogue and exchange with a practitioner who is willing to explore sensitive and sometimes controversial topics which may be causing physical and psychological symptoms. For those individuals whose suffering is a result of social injustices and health inequities, these explorations and opportunities for reprocessing traumas are crucial. I found Dr. Chandra's article to be quite enlightening, thought-provoking, and humane.

Comment number 1, Parameshwaran Ramakrishnan: Dec 30, 2025, 06:37

Dear Editor, I am writing in response to the working paper titled “Free Speech in Psychiatry is Essential, to Meet Bias, Distress, and Upheaval, and to Promote Nonviolence, Justice, and Belonging.” While the author’s concern for suffering is commendable, the paper rests on a conceptual conflation that risks distorting psychiatric practice and public understanding of our field. The manuscript merges two unrelated constructs: - Political free speech, a civic right grounded in democratic theory, and - Therapeutic free speech/association, a technical clinical method central to psychoanalytic and psychodynamic work. These domains are not interchangeable. Political free speech is a horizontal right used for debate and persuasion; its aim is external change. Therapeutic free speech/association is a vertical, boundary‑intensive technique designed to bypass ego defenses and access unconscious processes; its aim is intrapsychic integration/self-reflectivity. Collapsing these into a single category dilutes psychiatric rigor into generalized humanities discourse. The title “Free Speech in Psychiatry” further compounds this confusion by failing to specify whether it refers to clinical encounters, academic psychiatry, organizational communication, or public advocacy—each governed by distinct ethical and relational constraints. Without such specificity, the argument loses coherence. The abstract also makes sweeping causal claims—that “free speech” within psychiatric organizations will promote nonviolence, justice, and belonging—without empirical evidence or theoretical grounding. The result is moral exhortation rather than scholarship. Conflating political expression with clinical technique produces several professional errors: undermining the therapeutic frame, overextending psychiatric authority into geopolitical domains, and confusing the public about the scope of our expertise. When psychiatric forums become political arenas, we mirror societal polarization rather than offering psychological clarity. Psychiatry’s contribution is not to function as a political forum but to help individuals understand their own minds. Blurring the line between a political rally and the consulting room risks losing the essence of our discipline. Sincerely

Response,
Ravi Chandra :
Dec 31, 2025, 17:47

Dear Dr Ramakrishnan, first, thank you for your comment. It’s interesting and trenchant critique which seems to suggest that my article has little merit and is in fact misleading and conflates concepts including free speech and free association. How interesting that my free speech brought forth a technical defense with the seeming ultimate goal of eliminating political speech from organizational psychiatric LISTSERV’s. Clearly, my main focus was to illustrate the potential of speech to explore bias and attitudes towards violence - which must be seen as psychiatric/psychotherapeutic missions. You have revealed it seems a rather extreme bias against speech regarding politics by psychiatrists. Correct me if I’m wrong. I’m unclear - do you think psychiatry and psychiatrists should steer clear completely, or do you envision some other role for us? Politics comes up regularly in many of our sessions with patients. I wonder how you deal with those situations? How do you deal with the suffering of power structures which inevitably impact your patients? Trust is paramount in the therapeutic relationship. I think patients would trust us more if we worked out better ways to be present with power and violence in our midst. This is a moral and ethical imperative. And yes, this essay was drawn from insight. It is a personal essay. Insight from experience counts for scholarship in my book. But thank you for taking the time and I will consider further your ideas. I appreciate your putting them out for public view.

Response,
Ravi Chandra :
Dec 31, 2025, 17:56

Finally I have to comment on your closing line “ Blurring the line between a political rally and the consulting room risks losing the essence of our discipline.” It seems you are biased against psychiatric advocacy and allyship as if those taint the therapeutic relationship. Again this goes to the professional bias towards silence, avoidance, abstinence, neutrality, etc that I pointed out in my essay. Is not that bias worthy of examination? Not all of us practice as old school psychoanalysts who are supposedly silent blank screens. I think you’ve revealed my point and perhaps revealed a fear: the risk of being “involved” - but without proximity to the concerns of society, our patients, and ourselves, where will we be? You seem to be advocating for a psychological split. That is an interesting position and worthy of exploration.

Response,
Ravi Chandra :
Jan 02, 2026, 20:41

And finally, Dr. Ramakrishnan, the word "association" comes up three times in the paper. American psychiatric "association," Our only option is speech and "association," and Psychiatry is based on free "association", and thus speech is integral to our mental health mission. Only in the third instance can my intention be conflating in the way you describe. I might change the line to "A key psychoanalytic technique is free association, dependent on speech to uncover unconscious connections. Speech, from free association to fully free speech in the safety of a nonjudgmental therapeutic relationship is integral to our mental health mission." It seems you focused on the technical definition without fully appreciating my stance. The key item in the possible change is the "nonjudgmental stance" we cultivate towards our patients' expressions - to help them develop belonging for affects, as I mention, and safety in the therapeutic relationship. You seem to advocate a highly judgmental stance towards your colleagues' espressions on the sociopolitical situation - seemingly both on listservs and in therapy. Again, your stance is worthy of exploration, as there is much scholarship to the contrary. Not sure if you're familiar with that. Here is one example: Uprooted Minds: A Social Psychoanalysis for Precarious Times, by Nancy Caro Hollander https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003359029/uprooted-minds-nancy-caro-hollander. Dr. Hollander speaks on sociopolitical issues here: https://youtu.be/wMxLy4AoGT4?si=IXYgbc8QMp0A2b0r