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13 - Can Smart Villages Help to Stem Biodiversity Loss?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2019

By
Brian Heap ,
John Holmes  and
Bernie Jones
Edited by
Partha Dasgupta ,
Peter Raven  and
Anna McIvor
Partha Dasgupta
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Peter Raven
Affiliation:
Missouri Botanical Garden
Anna McIvor
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Urban areas generate 80 per cent of global GDP (CBD, 1992; Ammann, 2016; Gressel, 2007) and no country has developed without urbanisation, according to Paul Collier (Dobbs et al., 2012; Collier, 2015). Just 2 per cent of the world’s population was urbanised in 1800; the figure passed 50 per cent by 2008, and on current trends it will reach 60 per cent by 2030. Virtually all this urban future growth will take place in developing countries, emulating Western Europe and North America, so that by 2025 it is estimated that 235 million households earning more than US$20,000 pa ppp will live in cities in the emerging economies, compared to 210 million in cities in the developed regions (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, 2013). Cities are able to harness economies of scale and specialisation through the economies of agglomeration, but they consume 75 per cent of the world’s energy and are responsible for up to 70 per cent of global greenhouse gases (GHGs) (Satterthwaite, 2008).

Type
Chapter
Information
Biological Extinction
New Perspectives
 , pp. 358 - 404
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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