Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 282
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
April 2017
Print publication year:
2017
Online ISBN:
9781316584408

Book description

In June 2016, the United Kingdom shocked the world by voting to leave the European Union. As this book reveals, the historic vote for Brexit marked the culmination of trends in domestic politics and in the UK's relationship with the EU that have been building over many years. Drawing on a wealth of survey evidence collected over more than ten years, this book explains why most people decided to ignore much of the national and international community and vote for Brexit. Drawing on past research on voting in major referendums in Europe and elsewhere, a team of leading academic experts analyse changes in the UK's party system that were catalysts for the referendum vote, including the rise of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), the dynamics of public opinion during an unforgettable and divisive referendum campaign, the factors that influenced how people voted and the likely economic and political impact of this historic decision.

Reviews

‘It would be hard to come up with a better line-up of analysts to dig into both the long- and short-term drivers of Britain's decision to leave the EU. Whether you're a Leaver or a Remainer, the vote for Brexit needs explaining - and this is just the book to do it.'

Tim Bale - Queen Mary University of London and author of The Conservative Party from Thatcher to Cameron

'Do not read Brexit - unless you want truth rather than propaganda, objectivity rather than bias and evidence rather than prejudice. Harold D. Clarke, Matthew Goodwin and Paul F. Whiteley have written a book that will still be standing when the post-truth claims of those on both sides of the referendum have rightly crumbled to dust.'

Peter Kellner - former President of YouGov

'Clarke, Goodwin and Whiteley have written what is sure to be a standard reference on Brexit. A wonderfully written history of the rise of the UKIP and the Brexit referendum lead to a diverse array of empirical analyses: a survey of UKIP members, longitudinal national surveys and pre-post referendum surveys. Instead of simple explanations, they show the variety of diverse factors that produced the final referendum outcome and discuss the implications for British politics going forward.'

Russell J. Dalton - University of California, Irvine

‘An empirically rich and insightful analysis of the dynamics of the Brexit vote. Essential reading for understanding the social and political forces underlying one of the most important and consequential electoral decisions of our times.’

Lawrence LeDuc - Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto

'Brexit: Why Britain Voted to Leave the European Union isn't a book of opinions about why the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union but a close look at what the statistics tell us. It's an … informative read.'

Sue Magee Source: The Bookbag (www.thebookbag.co.uk)

'The British public does not have a settled view on Europe. … The authors conclude that the British are not unusually racist among Europeans … The British appear easily swayed.'

Danny Dorling Source: The Times Higher Education

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References

Acemoglu, Daron. 2009. Introduction to Modern Economic Growth. Princeton University Press.
Acemoglu, Daron, Johnson, Simon and Robinson., James A. 2001. ‘The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation’. American Economic Review 91: 1369–401.
Acock, Alan C. 2013. Discovering Structural Equation Modeling Using Stata, rev. edn. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
Aghion, P. and Howitt, P.. 1998. Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Anderson, Christopher J. and Shawn Reichert, M.. 1996. ‘Economic Benefits and Support for Membership in the E.U.: A Cross-National Analysis’. Journal of Public Policy 15: 231–49.
Apaza, Carmen R. 2009. ‘Measuring Governance and Corruption through the Worldwide Governance Indicators: Critiques, Responses, and Ongoing Scholarly Discussion’. PS: Political Science and Politics 42: 139–43.
Armingeon, Klause and Ceka, Basir. 2014. ‘The Loss of Trust in the European Union during the Great Recession since 2007: The Role of Heuristics from the National Political System’. European Union Politics 15: 82107.
Arrow, Kenneth and Debreu, Gerard. 1954. ‘Existence of an Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy’. Econometrica 22: 265–90.
Arzheimer, K. 2009. ‘Contextual Factors and the Extreme Right Vote in Western Europe, 1980–2002’. American Journal of Political Science 53: 259–75.
Bale, Tim. 2016. The Conservative Party: From Thatcher to Cameron, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Banks, Arron. 2016. Bad Boys of Brexit: Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Guerrilla Warfare in the EU Referendum Campaign. London: Biteback Publishing.
Barro, Robert. 1991. ‘Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Countries’. Quarterly Journal of Economics 106: 407–33.
Barro, Robert. 1999. ‘Determinants of Democracy’, Journal of Political Economy 107(6.2): S158S183.
Barro, Robert and Lee, J. W.. 1994. ‘Sources of Economic Growth’. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 40(June): 146.
Barro, Robert and Sala-I-Martin, X.. 2004. Economic Growth. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Becketti, Sean. 2013. Introduction to Time Series Using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
Beetham, D., ed. 1994. Defining and Measuring Democracy. London: Sage.
Bennett, Owen. 2016. The Brexit Club: The Inside Story of the Leave Campaign’s Shock Victory. London: Biteback Publishing.
Betz, H.-G. 1993. ‘The New Politics of Resentment: Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe’. Comparative Politics 25: 413–27.
Bijak, J. 2010. Forecasting International Migration in Europe: A Bayesian View. Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis 24. Dordrecht: Springer.
Blaug, M. 1962. Economic Theory in Retrospect. Cambridge University Press.
Bogdanor, Vernon. 2016. ‘Europe and the Sovereignty of the People’. Political Quarterly 87: 348–51.
Boomgaarden, Hajo G., Schuck, Andreas R. T., Elenbaas, Matthijs and deVreese, Claes H.. 2011. ‘Mapping EU Attitudes: Conceptual and Empirical Dimensions of Euroscepticism and EU Support’. European Union Politics 12: 241–66.
Boix, C. 1998. Political Parties, Growth and Equality: Conservative and Social Democratic Strategies in the World Economy. Cambridge University Press.
Box, George E. P. and Jenkins, Gwilym M.. 1976. Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control. San Francisco: Holden-Day.
Burnham, Kenneth P. and Anderson, David R.. 2011. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach, 2nd edn. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Butler, David and Kitzinger, Uwe W.. 1996. The 1975 Referendum, 2nd edn. London: Macmillan.
Butler, David and Ranney, Austin, eds. 1994. Referendums around the World: The Growing Use of Direct Democracy. London: Macmillan.
Butler, David and Stokes, David E.. 1969. Political Change in Britain: Forces Shaping Electoral Choice. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Carey, Sean. 2002. ‘Undivided Loyalties: Is National Identity an Obstacle to European Integration?’. European Union Politics 3: 387413.
Castles, F. G. 1982. The Impact of Parties: Politics and Policies in Democratic Capitalist States. London: Sage Publications.
Caul, Miki and Gray, M. M.. 2000. ‘From Platform Declarations to Policy Outcomes: Changing Party Profiles and Partisan Influence over Policy’, in Dalton, R. J. and Wattenberg, M. P., eds., Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford University Press.
Clarke, Harold D. 2016. ‘Neither Loved nor Trusted: British Political Parties’, in Cowley, Philip, ed., More Sex, Lies and Politics: Another 50 Things You Need to Know About Elections. London: Biteback Publishing.
Clarke, Harold D., Kornberg, Allan and Wearing, Peter. 2000. A Polity on the Edge: Canada and the Politics of Fragmentation. University of Toronto Press.
Clarke, Harold D., Sanders, David, Stewart, Marianne C. and Whiteley, Paul. 2004. Political Choice in Britain. Oxford University Press.
Clarke, Harold D., Kornberg, Allan and Scotto, Thomas J.. 2009a. Performance Politics and the British Voter. Cambridge University Press.
Clarke, Harold D., Kornberg, Allan and Scotto, Thomas J.. 2009b. Making Political Choices: Canada and the United States. University of Toronto Press.
Clarke, Harold D., Kellner, Peter, Stewart, Marianne C., Twyman, Joe and Whiteley, Paul. 2016a. Austerity and Political Choice in Britain. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Clarke, Harold D., Whiteley, Paul, Borges, Walter, Sanders, David and Stewart, Marianne C.. 2016b. ‘Modelling the Dynamics of Support for a Right-Wing Populist Party: The Case of UKIP’. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 26: 135–54.
Conservative Party. 2015. The Conservative Manifesto. London: Conservative Party.
Cowley, Philip and Kavanagh, Dennis. 2016. The British General Election of 2015. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dahl, Robert. 1954. A Preface to Democratic Theory. University of Chicago Press.
Dahl, Robert. 1961. Who Governs? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Daianu, Daniel, Basevi, Giorgio, D’Adda, Carlo and Kumar, Rajeesh, eds. 2014. The Eurozone Crisis and the Future of Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dalton, Russell J. 2013. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, 6th edn. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Debreu, Gerard. 1974. ‘Excess Demand Functions’. Journal of Mathematical Economics 1: 1523.
De Haan, J., Lundstrom, S. and Sturm, J.-E.. 2004. ‘Market-Orientated Institutions and Policies and Economic Growth: A Critical Survey’. Journal of Economic Surveys 29: 157–91.
Desai, Meghnad. 1981. Testing Monetarism. London: Frances Pinter.
Desai, Meghnad. 2015. Hubris: Why Economists Failed to Predict the Crisis and How to Avoid the Next One. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
DeVreese, Claes H. and Boomgaarden, Hajo G.. 2005. ‘Projecting EU Referendums: Fear of Immigration and Support for European Integration’. European Union Politics 6: 5982.
Dickey, D. and Fuller, W.. 1979. ‘Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root’. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74(366): 427–31.
Disney, G., Wiśniowski, A., Forster, J. J., Smith, P. W. and Bijak, J.. 2015. Evaluation of Existing Migration Forecasting Methods and Models. Report for the Migratory Advisory Committee. University of Southampton, Centre for Population Change.
Dow, C. 1998. Major Recessions: Britain and the World 1920 to 1995. Oxford University Press.
Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
Dustmann, C., Frattini, T. and Preston, I. P.. 2013. ‘The Effect of Immigration along the Distribution of Wages’. Review of Economic Studies 80(1): 145–73.
Eichenberg, Richard C. and Dalton., Russell J. 1993. ‘Europeans and the European Community: The Dynamics of Public Support for European Integration’. International Organization 47: 507–34.
Enders, Walter. 2014. Applied Econometric Time Series, 4th edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Featherston, K. and Radaelli, C. M., eds. 2003. The Politics of Europeanization. Oxford University Press.
Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R. and Timmer, M. P.. 2015. ‘The Next Generation of the Penn World Table’. American Economic Review 105: 3150–82.
Fiorina, Morris P. 1981. Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Ford, Robert. 2010. ‘Who Might Vote for the BNP? Survey Evidence on the Electoral Potential of the Extreme Right in Britain’, in Goodwin, M. J. and Eatwell, R., eds., The New Extremism in 21st Century Britain. London and New York: Routledge.
Ford, Robert and Goodwin, Matthew J.. 2011. ‘Angry White Men: Individual and Contextual Predictors of Support for the British National Party’. Political Studies 58: 125.
Ford, Robert and Goodwin, Matthew J.. 2014. Revolt on the Right: Explaining Support for the Radical Right in Britain. London: Routledge.
Franklin, Mark, Marsh, Michael and McLaren, Lauren. 1994. ‘Uncorking the Bottle: Popular Opposition to European Unification in the Wake of Maastricht’. Journal of Common Market Studies 32: 455–73.
Franklin, Mark, van der Eijk, Cees and Marsh, Michael.1995. ‘Referendum Outcomes and Trust in Government: Public Support for Europe in the Wake of Maastricht’. West European Politics 18: 101–17.
Friedman, M. and Schwartz, A.. 1963. A Monetary History of the United States 1867–1980. Princeton University Press.
Gabel, Matthew. 1998. Public Support for European Integration: An Empirical Test of Five Theories’. Journal of Politics 60: 333–54.
Gabel, Matthew and Palmer, Harvey. 1995. ‘Understanding Variation in Public Support for European Integration’. European Journal of Political Research 27: 319.
Gabel, Matthew and Scheve, Kenneth. 2007. ‘Mixed Messages: Party Dissent and Mass Opinion on European Integration’. European Union Politics 8: 3759.
Gabel, Matthew and Whitten, Guy D.. 1997. ‘Economic Conditions, Economic Perceptions, and Public Support for European Integration’. Political Behavior 19: 8196.
Garrett, Geoffrey. 1998. Partisan Politics in the Global Economy. Cambridge University Press.
Garry, John. 2013. ‘Emotions and Voting in EU Referendums’. European Union Politics 15: 235–54.
George, Stephen. 1998. An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community. Oxford University Press.
Gigerenzer, Gerd. 2008. Rationality for Mortals: How People Cope with Uncertainty. Oxford University Press.
Giles, David. 2011. ‘Testing for Granger Causality’. http://davidgiles.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/testing_for_granger_causality.html. Accessed 20 March 2014.
Goodwin, Matthew. 2011. Right Response: Understanding and Countering Populist Extremism in Europe. London: Chatham House.
Goodwin, Matthew and Milazzo, Caitlin. 2015. UKIP: Inside the Campaign to Redraw the Map of British Politics. Oxford University Press.
Gudgin, Graham, Coutts, Ken and Gibson, Neil. 2017. The Macro-Economic Impact of Brexit Using the CBR Macro-Economic Model of the UK Economy (UKMod). Working Paper 483. Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge.
Haesly, Richard. 2001. ‘Euroskeptics, Europhiles and Instrumental Europeans: European Attachment in Scotland and Wales’. European Union Politics 2: 81102.
Hakhverdian, Armen, van Elsas, Erika, van der Brug, Wouter and Kuhn, Theresa. 2013. ‘Euroscepticism and Education: A Longitudinal Study of 12 EU Member States, 1973–2010’. European Union Politics 14: 522–41.
Hall, R. E. and Jones, C. I. 1999. ‘Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker Than Others?’. Quarterly Journal of Economics 114: 83116.
Ham, Chris, Baird, Beccy, Gregory, Sarah, Jabbal, Joni and Alderwick, Hugh. 2015. The NHS under the Coalition Government. London: King’s Fund.
Head, K. and Mayer, T.. 2013. Gravity Equations: Workhorse, Toolkit and Cookbook. Working Paper 2013-27, September. Paris: Centre d’Études Prospectives et d’Information Internationales.
Hellwig, Timothy. 2014. Globalization and Mass Politics: Retaining the Room to Maneuver. Cambridge University Press.
Helpman, E. 2004. The Mystery of Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Hennig, B. D. 2016. ‘Trade Inside the European Union’. Political Insight 7(3): 20–1.
Heston, A., Summers, R. and Aten, B.. 2006. Penn World Table Version 6.2. Philadelphia, PA: Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income, and Prices, University of Pennsylvania.
Hix, Simon. 2004. The Political System of the European Union. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
HM Government. 2016. HM Treasury Analysis: The Long-Term Economic Impact of EU Membership and the Alternatives. CM 9250, April. London: HM Treasury.
HM Treasury. 2010. Budget 2010. London: HM Treasury.
Hobolt, Sara. 2007. ‘Taking Cues on Europe? Voter Competence and Party Endorsement in Referendums on EU Integration’. European Journal of Political Research 46: 151–82.
Hobolt, Sara and deVries, Catherine E.. 2016. ‘Public Support for European Integration’. Annual Review of Political Science 19: 413–32.
Hobolt, Sara and Wratil, Christopher. 2015. ‘Public Opinion and the Crisis: The Dynamics of Support for the Euro’. Journal of European Public Policy 22: 238–51.
Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary. 2004. ‘Does Identity or Economic Rationality Drive Public Opinion on European Integration?’. PS: Political Science and Politics 37: 415–20.
Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary. 2005. ‘Calculation, Community and Cues: Public Opinion on European Integration’. European Union Politics 6: 419–43.
Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary. 2009. ‘A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus’. British Journal of Political Science 39: 123.
Hooghe, Liesbet, Marks, Gary and Wilson, Carole J. 2004. ‘Does Left/Right Structure Party Positions on European Integration?’, in Marks, G. and Steenbergen, M. R., eds., European Integration and Political Conflict. Cambridge University Press.
Hox, Joop. 2002. Multilevel Analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Huber, E. and Stephens, J. D.. 2001. Development and Crisis of the Welfare State: Parties and Policies in Global Markets. University of Chicago Press.
Huntingdon, S. P. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press.
Inglehart, Ronald. 1970. ‘Cognitive Mobilization and European Identity’. Comparative Politics 3: 4570.
Jennings, Will and Stoker, Gerry. 2016. ‘The Bifurcation of Politics: Two Englands’. Political Quarterly 87: 372–82.
Johansen, Soren. 1991. ‘Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models’. Econometrica 59: 1551–80.
Johns, Robert, Mitchell, James and Carman, Christopher J.. 2013. ‘Constitution or Competence? The SNP’s Re-Election in 2011’. Political Studies 61: 158–78.
Juselius, Katerina. 2006. The Cointegrated VAR Model. Cambridge University Press.
Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A. and Mastruzzi, M.. 2007. ‘Growth and Governance: A Reply’. Journal of Politics 69: 555–62.
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A. and Mastruzzi, M.. 2009. Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators 1996–2008. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4978. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Kavanagh, Dennis and Cowley, Philip. 2010. The British General Election of 2010. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Keegan, William. 2014. Mr Osborne’s Economic Experiment: Austerity 1945–51 and 2010. London: Searching Finance.
Keman, Hans. 2002. ‘Policy Making Capacities of European Party Government’, in Luther, K. R. and Muller-Rommel, F., eds., Political Parties in the New Europe. Oxford University Press: 207–45.
Kennedy, Peter. 2003. A Guide to Econometrics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kenny, Michael. 2016. The Politics of English Nationhood. Oxford University Press.
Keynes, John Maynard. 1925. The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill. London: Hogarth Press.
Keynes, John Maynard. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan.
Knack, S. and Keefer, P. 1997. ‘Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff: A Cross Country Investigation’. Quarterly Journal of Economics 112: 1251–88.
Kornberg, Allan and Clarke, Harold D.. 1992. Citizens and Community: Political Support in a Democratic Society. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kornberg, Allan, Smith, Joel and Clarke, Harold D.. 1979. Citizen Politicians – Canada: Party Officials in a Democratic Society. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
Krugman, Paul. 2012. End This Depression Now! New York: W. W. Norton.
Kurtz, M. and Shrank, A.. 2007. ‘Growth and Governance: Models, Measures, and Mechanism’. Journal of Politics 69: 538–54.
LeDuc, Lawrence. 2003. The Politics of Direct Democracy: Referendums in Global Perspective. Toronto: Broadview.
Levine, R. and Renelt, D. 1992. ‘A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions’. American Economic Review 82: 942–63.
Lewis-Beck, Michael S. 1988. Economics and Elections: The Major Western Democracies. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Nadeau, Richard and Foucault, Martial. 2013. ‘The Compleat Economic Voter: New Theory and British Evidence’. British Journal of Political Science 43: 241–61.
Lijphart, Arend. 1977. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Explanation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Lindberg, Leon and Scheingold, Stuart. 1970. Europe’s Would-Be Polity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Long, J. Scott and Freese, Jeremy. 2014. Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata, 3rd edn. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
Lubbers, M. and Scheepers, P.. 2007. ‘Euro-Scepticism and Extreme Voting Patterns in Europe. Social Cleavages and Socio-Political Attitudes Determining Voting for the Far Left, the Far Right, and Non-Voting’, in Loosveldt, G., Swyngedouw, M. and Cambré, B., eds., Measuring Meaningful Data in Social Research. Leuven: Acco.
Lutz, W., Sanderson, W. C. and Scherbov, S., eds. 2004. The End of World Population Growth in the 21st Century: New Challenges for Human Capital Formation and Sustainable Development. London: Earthscan.
McCloskey, Deidre N. 2015. Bourgeois Equality: How Ideas, Not Capital or Institutions Enriched the World. University of Chicago Press.
McLaren, Lauren M. 2003. ‘Anti-Immigrant Prejudice in Europe: Contact, Threat Perception, and Preferences for the Exclusion of Migrants’. Social Forces 81: 909–36.
McLaren, Lauren M. 2012. ‘The Cultural Divide in Europe: Migration, Multiculturalism and Political Trust’. World Politics 64: 199241.
McLaren, Lauren and Johnson, Mark. 2007. ‘Resources, Group Conflict and Symbols: Explaining Anti-Immigration Hostility in Britain’. Political Studies 55: 709–32.
Majone, G. 1994. ‘The Rise of the Regulatory State in Europe’. West European Politics 17: 77101.
Maier, Jurgen and Rittberger, Berthold. 2008. ‘Shifting Europe’s Boundaries: Mass Media, Public Opinion, and the Enlargement of the EU’. European Union Politics 9: 243–67.
Mansbridge, Jane. 1983. Beyond Adversary Democracy. University of Chicago Press.
Marcus, George E., Neuman, W. Russell and MacKuen, Michael. 2000. Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. University of Chicago Press.
Migration Advisory Committee. 2012. Analysis of the Impacts of Migration. London: Home Office.
Minkenberg, M. and Perrineau, P.. 2007. ‘The Radical Right in the European Elections 2004’. International Political Science Review 28: 2955.
Minsky, Hyman P. 1982. Can ‘It’ Happen Again? Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Minsky, Hyman P. 1986. Stabilizing an Unstable Economy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Moran, M. 2002. ‘Review Article: Understanding the Regulatory State’. British Journal of Political Science 32: 391413.
Mudde, Cas. 2007. Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press.
Muller, Edward N. 1979. Aggressive Political Participation. Princeton University Press.
Nagel, Jonathan H. and Wlezien, Christopher. 2010. ‘Centre-Party Strength and Major-Party Divergence in Britain, 1945–2005’. British Journal of Political Science 40: 279304.
Neuman, W. Russell, Marcus, George E., Crigler, Ann N. and MacKuen, Michael, eds. 2007. The Affect Effect: Dynamics of Emotion in Political Thinking and Behavior. University of Chicago Press.
Nicholson, Sir David. 2010. ‘Speech to NHS Alliance Conference’, Bournemouth International Centre, 18 November.
Norris, Pippa. 2011. Democratic Deficit: Critical Citizens Revisited. Cambridge University Press.
North, Douglas C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press.
Oesch, Daniel. 2008. ‘Explaining Workers’ Support for Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Evidence from Austria, Belgium, France, Norway and Switzerland’. International Political Science Review 29: 349–73.
Offer, A. and So¨derberg, G.. 2016. The Nobel Factor: The Prize in Economics, Social Democracy, and the Market Turn. Princeton University Press.
Office for National Statistics. 2014. National Population Projections, 2012-Based Reference Volume. Titchfield: ONS.
Okun, Arthur M. 1962. Potential GNP, Its Measurement and Significance. New Haven, CT: Cowles Foundation, Yale University.
Piris, Jacques-Couvas. 2010. The Lisbon Treaty: A Legal and Political Analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Pollard, S. 1982. The Wasting of the British Economy. London: Croom Helm.
Rallings, Colin and Thrasher, Michael. 2009–15. Local Elections Handbook. Plymouth: Elections Centre.
Raudenbush, Stephen W. and Bryk, Anthony S.. 2002. Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods, 2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Ray, Leonard. 2003. ‘When Parties Matter: The Conditional Influence of Party Positions on Voter Opinions about European Integration’. Journal of Politics 65: 978–94.
Reinhart, Christopher M. and Rogoff, Kenneth S.. 2009. This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton University Press.
Romer, David. 1994. ‘The Origins of Endogenous Growth’. Journal of Economic Perspectives 8: 322.
Rose, Richard. 1980. Do Parties Make a Difference? New York: Macmillan.
Runciman, William G. 1966. Relative Deprivation and Social Justice. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Rydgren, Jens. 2002. ‘Radical Right Populism in Sweden: Still a Failure, but for How Long?’. Scandinavian Political Studies 25: 2756.
Sachs, Jeffrey D. and Warner, A. M.. 1995. ‘Economic Reform and the Process of Economic Integration’. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1: 195.
Schmidt, M. G. 1996. ‘When Parties Matter: A Review of the Possibilities and Limits of Partisan Influence on Public Policy’. European Journal of Political Research 30: 155–83.
Schofield, Norman. 1993. ‘Political Competition and Multiparty Coalition Government’. European Journal of Political Research 23: 133.
Seyd, Patrick and Whiteley, Paul. 1992. Labour’s Grass Roots: The Politics of Party Membership. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Seyd, Patrick, Richardson, Jeremy J. and Whiteley, Paul. 1995. True Blues: The Politics of Conservative Party Membership. Oxford University Press.
Shiller, Robert J. 2000. Irrational Exuberance. Princeton University Press.
Shipman, Tim. 2016. All Out War: The Full Story of How Brexit Sank Britain’s Political Class. London: William Collins.
Sims, Christopher. 1980. ‘Macroeconomics and Reality’. Econometrica 48: 148.
Smith, Adam. 1976 [1776]. The Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Classics.
Steenbergen, Marco R. and Scott, D. J.. 2004. ‘Contesting Europe? The Salience of European Integration as a Party Issue’, in Marks, G. and Steenbergen, M. R., eds., European Integration and Political Conflict. Cambridge University Press.
Steenbergen, Marco R., Edwards, Erica E. and de Vries, Catherine E.. 2007. ‘Who’s Cueing Whom? Mass–Elite Linkages and the Future of European Integration’. European Union Politics 8: 1335.
Stevens, Daniel. 2013. ‘Issue Evolution in Britain: The Debate on European Union Integration, 1964–2010’. European Journal of Political Research 53: 536–57.
Stock, James H. and Watson, Mark W.. 2001. ‘Vector Autoregressions’. Journal of Economic Perspectives 15: 1010–15.
Stokes, Donald E. 1963. ‘Spatial Models of Party Competition’. American Political Science Review 57: 368–77.
Stokes, Donald E. 1992. ‘Valence Politics’, in Kavanagh, Dennis, ed., Electoral Politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Swank, D. H. and Eisinga, R.. 1999. ‘Economic Outcomes and Voting Behavior in a Multi-Party System: An Application to the Netherlands’. Public Choice 101: 195213.
Toda, Hiro and Yamamoto, Taku. 1995. ‘Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Process’. Journal of Econometrics 66: 225–50.
Vandenbussche, J., Aghion, P. and Meghir, C.. 2006. ‘Growth, Distance to Frontier and Composition of Human Capital’. Journal of Economic Growth 11(2): 97127.
Van der Eijk, Cees and Franklin, Mark N.. 2004. ‘Potential for Contestation on European Matters at National Elections in Europe’, in Marks, G. and Steenbergen, M. R., eds., European Integration and Political Conflict. Cambridge University Press.
Vliegenthart, Rens, Schuck, Andreas R. T., Boomgaarden, Hajo G. and De Vreese, Claes H.. 2008. ‘News Coverage and Support for European Integration 1990–2006’. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 20: 415–39.
Vossing, Konstantin. 2015. ‘Transforming Public Opinion about European Integration: Elite Influence and Its Limits’. European Union Politics 16: 157–75.
Walker, Iain and Smith, Heather J.. 2002. ‘Fifty Years of Relative Deprivation Research’, in Walker, I. and Smith, H. J., eds., Relative Deprivation: Specification, Development and Integration. Cambridge University Press.
Walker, Iain, Wong, N. and Kretzschmar, K.. 2002. ‘Relative Deprivation and Attribution: From Grievance to Action’, in Walker, I. and Smith, H., eds., Relative Deprivation: Specification, Development and Integration. Cambridge University Press.
Ward, Colleen, Bochner, Stephen and Furnham, Adrian. 2001. The Psychology of Culture Shock. London: Routledge.
Werts, H., Scheepers, P. and Lubbers, M. 2013. ‘Euro-Scepticism and Radical Right-Wing Voting in Europe, 2002–2008: Social Cleavages, Socio-Political Attitudes and Contextual Characteristics Determining Voting for the Radical Right’. European Union Politics 14: 183205.
Whitaker, Richard and Lynch, Philip. 2011. ‘Explaining Support for the UK Independence Party at the 2009 European Parliament Elections’. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 21: 359–79.
Whiteley, Paul. 2000. ‘Economic Growth and Social Capital’. Political Studies 48(3): 443–66.
Whiteley, Paul and Seyd, Patrick. 2002. High-Intensity Participation: The Dynamics of Party Activism in Britain. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Whiteley, Paul, Seyd, Patrick and Billinghurst, Anthony. 2006. Third-Force Politics: Liberal Democrats at the Grassroots. Oxford University Press.
Whiteley, Paul, Clarke, Harold D., Sanders, David and Stewart, Marianne C.. 2013. Affluence, Austerity and Electoral Change in Britain. Cambridge University Press.
Whiteley, Paul, Clarke, Harold D., Sanders, David and Stewart, Marianne C.. 2015. ‘Why Do Voters Lose Trust in Governments: Public Perceptions of Government Honesty and Trustworthiness in Britain 2000–2013’. British Journal of Politics and International Relations 18: 234–54.
Whiteley, Paul, Clarke, Harold D., Sanders, David and Stewart, Marianne C.. 2016. ‘Hunting the Snark: A Reply to “Re-Evaluating Valence Models of Political Choice”’. Political Science Research and Methods 4: 221–40.
Wray, L. R. 2016. Why Minsky Matters: An Introduction to the Work of a Maverick Economist. Princeton University Press.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.