A HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF CYPRUS

Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean. Its unique proximity to Europe, Asia, and Africa and its strategic position has resulted in its occupation by various conquerors over the centuries. Since the Myceneans settled on the island over 3,000 years ago, establishing the Hellenic civilization, Phoenicians, Romans, Crusaders, Franks, Venetians, Turks, and British have left their mark on the island. The Republic of Cyprus was established as an independent state in 1960 after a rebellion against the British Empire, which was in control at that time. In 1974 Turkish troops occupied the northern part of the island. The de facto division of the island still exists, although Greek Cyprus has recently joined the European Union and a solution for unification with the Turkish Cypriot northern section is presently being sought. The total population of Cyprus is 760,000 inhabitants, 670,000 in Greek Cyprus in the south and 100,000 in Turkish Cyprus in the north. Nicosia is the capital, with 250,000 inhabitants.

ECOLOGICAL FEATURES

Cyprus is 225 km long and its maximum breadth is 96.5 km. Its area is 9,251 km2. It has a central plain with two mountain ranges in the north and south and a few scattered narrow coast plains. The climate is temperate, Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and cool winters.

ORGANIZATION AND INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIETY

Economic organization

Before 1974, the Cypriot economy was largely agriculture-based. The main products were citrus fruits, olives, grapes, potatoes, carrots, and other vegetables.