In the preceding three chapters, we saw how politicians and policy-makers in England, France, and Finland reframed the issue of inequality in the 1990s and 2000s. In each country, public discourse about the problem of inequality – how the problem was defined, what caused it, who was responsible for solving it, and how best to do that – underwent important changes during this period. Reframing inequality in this way was facilitated by the availability of an international consensus on health inequality at the European level, whose development was described in Chapter 3. The reframing of inequality resulted in large part from the efforts of politicians who wanted to maintain their credibility as defenders of societal equity, but who were increasingly unwilling to advocate classical welfare policies like redistributive taxation, substantial public spending on services, or intervention in product markets.