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  • Cited by 33
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
March 2013
Print publication year:
2013
Online ISBN:
9781139198837
Series:
African Studies

Book description

Examining the process of abolition on the island of Pemba off the East African coast in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this book demonstrates the links between emancipation and the redefinition of honour among all classes of people on the island. By examining the social vulnerability of ex-slaves and the former slave-owning elite caused by the abolition order of 1897, this study argues that moments of resistance on Pemba reflected an effort to mitigate vulnerability rather than resist the hegemonic power of elites or the colonial state. As the meaning of the Swahili word heshima shifted from honour to respectability, individuals' reputations came under scrutiny and the Islamic kadhi and colonial courts became an integral location for interrogating reputations in the community. This study illustrates the ways in which former slaves used piety, reputation, gossip, education, kinship and witchcraft to negotiate the gap between emancipation and local notions of belonging.

Reviews

'This detailed, absorbing and thought-provoking study is the most explicit attempt so far to address the aftermath of slavery in East Africa, a topic that has shown up in many previous studies but rarely been the main focus.'

Felicitas Becker Source: H-Soz-Kult

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Contents

Bibliography

Primary Sources

Interviews

Absalla Omar Sharif, Pemba, October 29, 2002.
Ali Hamad Omar, Shengejuu, Pemba, October 30, 2002.
Ali Khamis Faraj, Shengejuu, Pemba, October 30, 2002.
Ali Rubea Makame, Pemba, October 29, 2002.
Bi Asha, Wete, Pemba, December 18, 2004.
Bishara Rashid Bakar, Shengejuu, Pemba, October 30, 2002.
Farashuu Suleiman, Tundauwa, Pemba, December 21, 2004.
Fatma Ali Hemed, Chasasa, Pemba, October 31, 2002.
Halima Rashid, Pandani, Pemba, December 11, 2004.
Iddi Ali Hamad, Junguni, Pemba, October 17, 2004.
Jamila Said Ali, Wete, Pemba, November 2, 2002.
Juma bin Hamad Tumbe, Pemba, November 2, 2002.
Mariam Mbarouk Khamis, Bopwe, Pemba, October 31, 2002.
Mattar Said Ahmed, Pemba, November 10, 2004.
Mayasa Hamad Kombo, Bopwe, Pemba, October 31, 2002.
Mbarouk Seif Ali, Pemba, October 28, 2002.
Mohamed Mbwana Mserembwe, Pemba, October 29, 2002.
Muhammed Khamisi, Mtambile, Pemba, November 10, 2004.
Mzee Mohamed, Mtambile, Pemba, December 24, 2004.
Mzee Suliman, Konde, Pemba, October 29, 2002.
Shaame Othman Ali, Pemba, November 3, 2002.
Suleiman Hamad Suleiman, Pemba, October 29, 2002.

House of Commons, Parliamentary Papers

No. 101 (1885), Correspondence with British Representatives and Agents Abroad, and Reports from Naval Officers and the Treasury Relative to the Slave Trade.
Africa No. 1 (1889), Further Correspondence Respecting Germany and Zanzibar.
Africa No. 6 (1895), Correspondence Respecting Slavery in Zanzibar.
Africa No. 7 (1896), Correspondence Respecting Slavery in the Zanzibar Dominions.
Africa No. 6 (1898), Correspondence Respecting the Abolition of the Legal Status of Slavery in Zanzibar and Pemba.
Africa No. 4 (1901), Correspondence Respecting Slavery and the Slave Trade in East Africa and the Islands of Zanzibar and Pemba.
Africa No. 6 (1902), Correspondence Respecting Slavery and the Slave Trade in East Africa and the Islands of Zanzibar and Pemba.
Africa No. 14 (1904), Correspondence Respecting Slavery in the Islands of Zanzibar and Pemba.
Africa No. 4 (1909), Despatch from His Majesty’s Agent and Consul-General at Zanzibar Furnishing a Report on the Administration, Finance, and General Condition of the Zanzibar Protectorate.

Newspapers

  • The London Times, UK.

  • The Daily Mail, UK.

  • The Anti-Slavery Report, UK.

  • The Zanzibar Gazette, Zanzibar.

Friends House Library, London (FIM)

  • Friends Industrial Mission, Annual Report for 1912.

  • Friends Industrial Mission, Annual Report for 1913.

  • Friends Industrial Mission, Annual Report for 1914.

  • Friends Industrial Mission, PZ(F)/3, Register of slaves, Banani, 1897–1909.

  • Friends Industrial Mission, PZ(F)/3, Diary of boys home, 1902–1906.

  • Friends Industrial Mission, PZ(F)/3, Meeting minute book for 1898–1902.

  • Friends Industrial Mission, PZ(F)/3, Meeting minute book for 1903–1915.

  • Friends Industrial Mission, PZ(F)/3, Committee of missionaries, 1916–1932.

  • Friends Industrial Mission, P2/F/, Committee of missionaries, 1933–.

  • TEMP MSS 419/1–7, Theodore Burtt, Notebook, 1899.

  • TEMP MSS 419, Private letters of Theodore Burtt, 1908–1909.

  • “Abolition of Slavery in Zanzibar,” The Friend (British), September 1, 1890.

  • “The Story of Msichoke,” The Friend (British), October 3, 1902, pp. 644–6.

  • “Visit of Sir Arthur Hardinge,” The Friend (British), April 27, 1900, p. 253.

  • “Letter from Armitage Detailing Further Developments in Case of Msichoke,” The Friend (British), November 7, 1902, p. 738.

  • “The Story of Msichoke,” The Friend (British), November 14, 1902, p. 747.

  • “Pemba,” The Friend (British), September 5, 1902, pp. 578–88.

National Archives (Formerly the Public Records Office), London (PRO)

CO618/43/14, Rioting in Zanzibar, 1928.
CO618/47/16, Disturbance at central prison, 1926.

CO618/52/9, Deportation of H. Lister from USA to UK.

CO691/126/10, Death penalty, murder and witchcraft, 1932.
CO847/13/11, Laws relating to witchcraft, 1938.
DO35/4158, The Jones Report on ritual murder in Basutoland, 1953.
FO2/188, Despatches to and from the Consul General Zanzibar, 1898.
FO2/284, Despatches to and from the Consul General Zanzibar, 1900.
FO84/1417, Euan-Smith to Foreign Office, July 31, 1875.
FO107/108, Mr. R. G. Edib’s charges against the Zanzibar Slavery Administration, 1899.
FO107/111, Jurisdiction in Pemba, 1897–1901.
FO367/25, Police strike, 1906.
FO881/9209, Distress in Pemba, 1906.

FO881/9334, Glossary of terms in reports.

FO881/10268X, Annual report for Zanzibar, 1909 and 1910.

Rhodes House, Oxford (UMCA)

Universities Mission to Central Africa, A1 (XIV), No. 54, “The Two Thieves of Pemba,” by Leslie Matolo, a translation from Swahili, n.d.

Universities Mission to Central Africa, A1 (XIV), No. 51, Herbert Armitage to Rev. Duncan Travers, Pemba, March 16, 1903.
Universities Mission to Central Africa, A1 (XIII), No. 214, Hines to Travers, Pemba, May 19, 1904.
Universities Mission to Central Africa, A1 (XIII), No. 216, Hines to Travers, Pemba, May 30, 1904.
Universities Mission to Central Africa, A1 (XIII), No. 252, Hines to Travers, Wete, February 23, 1905.
Universities Mission to Central Africa, E2 Emily Key, “Notes from Pemba,” January 18, 1898.

Zanzibar National Archives, Tanzania (ZNA)

  • AA12/4, Confidential Report on Indian Slave Holdings in Pemba, 1875.

  • AB1/1, Report to Mr. Clarke, April 22, 1910.

  • AB1/369, District Commissioner, Pemba, 1937.

  • AB31/20, Witchcraft in Pemba, 1910–1917.

  • AB70/3, Disturbances Created by Manga Arabs at Wete, 1928–1941.

  • AC2/24, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC5/1, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC5/2, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC5/3, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC5/4, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC5/5, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC7/26, Vice Consul Pemba, Court Register.

  • AC8/5, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC8/7, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC8/8, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC8/9, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AC9/2, Vice Consul Pemba, Letters.

  • AM13/1, General Deeds from Pemba, 1893–1929 (in Arabic).

  • AM14/1, General Deeds from Pemba, 1893–1929 (in Arabic).

  • AP26/160, Clove Growers Association Receivership File for Salima binti Khamis bin Isa Miskery.

  • AP29/5–8, Bonus Scheme Registers, Chake Chake Districts.

  • BA34/2, Report of Native Census, 1924.

Pemba Branch of Zanzibar National Archives (PNA)

  • AI1/2, His Highness’s Court for Zanzibar and Pemba (hereafter HHCZP), Appeal Case No. 11 of 1918, Khalid bin Marenge Shirazi vs. Mohamed bin Juma el Rassadi.

  • AI1/4, HHCZP, Appeal Case No. 2 of 1920, Juma bin Ahmed Swahili vs. Mwana Kombo binti Said Nabahani.

  • AI1/5, HHCZP, Appeal Case No. 4 of 1920, Fatuma binti Dadi vs. Seif bin Hassan.

  • AI1/6, HHCZP, Appeal Case No. 5 of 1920, Idi bin Haji vs. Ahamed bin Khalfan.

  • AI1/7, HHCZP, Appeal Case No. 5 of 1920, Mame Saifu, Mwana Asha, and Salima binti Ahmed bin Juma el-Swahili vs. Ismail bin Fakih and Mvitanga Swahili.

  • AI1/12, HHCZP, Appeal Case No. 10 of 1920, Kombo bin Makurizo of Chanjani vs. Hilal bin Amur.

  • AI1/14, HHCZP, Appeal Case No. 13 of 1920, Mwajuma binti Abud of Mkanjuni vs. Khamis bin Nadhar.

  • AI1/19, HHSC, Civil Case District Court at Weti, No. 673 of 1919, Hasina binti Nasibu vs. Abed bin Said el Mayyahi of Jambaji.

  • AI1/20, HBM District Registry of High Court for Pemba, Civil Case No.16 of 1926, Abdulhussein Mussaji vs. Mohamed bin Muhijaji bin Mzee el-Bajuni.

  • AI1/21, High Court for Zanzibar, Civil Case No. 189 of 1920, Khamis bin Hathar Freed Slave of Ebrahim bin Msondo vs. Labuda bin Suroor Freed Slave of Bani Riany, Juma binti Abood (Ex-Wife of Labuda), Makame bin Labuda, Mwana Mkoo binti Labuda.

  • AI1/34, HBMCZ FCS Court, Chake Chake Civil Case No. 986 of 1928, Fatuma binti Ali bin Sababu vs. Hamadi Kheri and Juma Kheri.

  • AI1/44, HHSCZ, Civil Appeal No. 15 of 1934, Bahati binti Serenge vs. Mohamed bin Musa bin Burhan Shirazi.

  • AI1/58, HHSCZ, in the Court of Kathi Sheikh Abdulrahim bin Mahmoud, Mkoani, Civil Case No. 8 of 1933, Sanda binti Ali bin Salim by Her Attorney Mohammed bin Issa bin Salim el-Menthri vs. Suleiman bin Abdalla el-Mazuri and Rashid bin Abdulla el-Mazrui.

  • AI1/76, HBMCZ, District Registry of the High Court, Civil Case No. 17 of 1934, Abdulla bin Ali el-Hinawi and Others vs. the Administrator General and Other.

  • AI1/77, HHSCZ, in the court of Kathi Sheikh Said bin Nasor, Civil Case No. 189 of 1934, Asha binti Seif bin Hamed el-Ismailia, Represented by Ahmed bin Kheri (Wakil) vs. Abdulla bin Salim el-Ismaili.

  • AI1/78, HHCZ, the District Registry of the High Court, Appeal No. 10 of 1934, Mariam binti Khamis bin Bakari el-Mafazi vs. Hamadi bin Shame

  • AI1/89, HHSCZ, in the Resident Magistrates Court, Chake Chake, Civil Case No. 135 of 1952, Salim bin Ahmed bin Juma al-Mazrui vs. Muhenne bin Ahmed bin Juma Mazrui.

  • AI1/90, HHCZ, the Resident Magistrate’s Court Pemba, Civil Case No. 136 of 1952, Athman bin Bakari vs. Salim bin Rashid el-Husni.

  • No accession number: Kadhi’s Court, Wete, Civil Case No. 253 of 1945, Hamida binti Athman vs. Abdulla bin Omar and Athman bin Omar.

  • No accession number: Kadhi’s Court, Chake Chake, Civil Case No. 263 of 1945, Said bin Suleiman Bajuni vs. Omar bin Juma Swahili.

  • No accession number: HHCZ, the District Registry of High Court Pemba, Appeal No. 6 of 1946, Jokha binti Abdulla el-Maskria vs. Mbaruk bin Abeid el-Mahrusi.

  • AK1/46, Probate record of Baraka Mnyasa, May 1910.

  • AK1/50, Probate record of Zubeda binti Yakuti, May 26, 1910.

  • AK1/52, Probate record of Bakari bin Faki, May 21, 1910.

  • AK1/54, Probate record of Zuwalia hadim Kukas, June 1910.

  • AK1/55, Probate record of Ali bin Mohamed Bashmak, June 5, 1909.

  • AK1/57, Probate record of Hadia binti Uledi, July 5, 1910.

  • AK1/58, Probate record of Mabruk Wadi Sunizani, July 1910.

  • AK1/61, Probate record of Khamis Alawi Mpemba, July 24, 1910.

  • AK1/63, Probate record of Said bin Hamed bin Ali Lemki, August 21, 1909.

  • AK1/68, Probate record of Mohamed bin Abdullah Mendiri, August 1910.

  • AK1/71, Probate record of Mohamed Hemed Sawafi, May 1910.

  • AK1/76, Probate record of Kichipele Mrashi, October 1910.

  • AK1/77, Probate record of Fundi Feruzi bin Mkelef, October 1910.

  • AK1/80, Probate record of Bakari Fakih Bakari, November 14, 1910.

  • AK1/86, Probate record of Binti Hemed bin Suleiman, December 20, 1910.

  • AK1/197, Probate record of Kombo Usi, August 24, 1912.

  • AK1/198, Probate record of Ferezi hadim Sirkari, September 16, 1912.

  • AK1/200, Probate record of Abdalla bin Omar Swahili, July 8, 1912.

  • AK1/206, Probate record of Fundi Haji bin Sharbo, August 25, 1912.

  • AK1/321, Probate record of Hamadi wadi Nasibu, June 11, 1913.

  • AK1/322, Probate record of Haji bin Githenge, July 1913.

  • AK1/323, Probate record of Manashamba binti Hadidi Swahili, January 1914.

  • AK1/325, Probate record of Omari bin Omari Swahili, January 1914.

  • AK1/330, Probate record of Shaibu bin Juma, February 25, 1914.

  • AK1/332, Probate record of Chousiku bin Abdalla, February 1914.

  • AK1/333, Probate record of Mwana Kiamu binti Sholi, March 1914.

  • AK1/334, Probate record of Musa Mchanja, March 1914.

  • AK1/337, Probate record of Said bin Abed bin Said, March 1914.

  • AK1/338, Probate record of Rashid bin Geuar, February 1914.

  • AK1/565, Probate record of Kingwaba wadi Salmini, June 3, 1917.

  • AK1/1066, Probate record of Khamisini Manyema, December 1919.

  • AK1/1074, Probate record of Ali bin Juma Swahili, December 1919.

  • AK1/1639, Probate record of Ali bin Abdalla el-Hinawi, 1923.

  • AK1/1643, Probate record of Rehandi bin Amani, December 10, 1925.

  • AK1/1987, Probate record of Msengesi wadi Shoma Mnyaturu, January 1926.

  • AK1/1989, Probate record of Yusuf bin Kombo Mswahili, January 1926.

  • AK1/1993, Probate record of Waziri bin Khamis el-Murimi, November 1925.

  • AK1/2165, Probate record of Juma Khamis Mgindo, November 1926.

  • AK1/2184, Probate record of Abdulrahman bin Idarus el-Maalawi, October 1926.

  • AK1/2186, Probate record of Saleh bin Kombo Swahili, October 1926.

  • AK1/2187, Probate record of Chuma bin Khamis Swahili, August 1926.

  • AK1/2188, Probate record of Ulaiti binti Musa Swahili, November 1926.

  • AK1/2614, Probate record of Mabruki bin Ladi Manyema, October 1928.

  • AK1/2773, Probate record of Alley bin Usi Mtumbatu, June 1928.

  • AK1/2777, Probate record of Subeti bin Juya Mdigo, July 1930.

  • AK1/3097, Probate record of Hamed bin Salim bin Abdulla el-Mazrui, March 1933.

  • AK1/3310, Probate record of Hashima binti Baraka Mgindo, August 1934.

  • AK1/3315, Probate record of Bahati binti Muya Manyema, November 1935.

  • AK1/3683, Probate record of Tofilli wadi Zaid, June 1938.

  • AK1/3690, Probate record of Mzee bin Bora, March 1938.

  • AK1/4195, Probate record of Mmanga binti Khamis el-Husunia, 1945.

  • AK1/4197, Probate record of Muweza binti Khamis Mhiyao, April 1941.

  • AK1/4207, Probate record of Mwanaache binti Haji, September 1941.

  • AK1/4209, Probate record of Deluu binti Simba Mhiyao, November 1941.

  • AK1/4210, Probate record of Juma bin Khamis Shirazi, October 1941.

  • AK1/4219, Probate record of Fadhil bin Khamis Ngazija, September 1942.

  • AK1/4220, Probate record of Mussa bin Muhamed, October 1940.

  • AK1/4574, Probate record of Kombo bin Mussa bin Faki Shirazi, January 1944.

  • AK1/4579, Probate record of Suleiman bin Salim bin Mohamed el-Bimani, February 1944.

  • AK1/5026, Probate record of Amani bin Hamadi bin Amani Shirazi, September 1946.

  • AK1/5029, Probate record of Hamad bin Musa bin Hamadi el-Bahasani, September 1947.

Published Reports

Annual Report of the Judicial Department (Zanzibar: Zanzibar Protectorate, 1911–1925).
A Guide to Zanzibar (Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1949).
A Note on Agricultural Indebtedness in the Zanzibar Protectorate, 1936.
Report by Vice Consul O’Sullivan on the Island of Pemba, 1896–97 (London: Harrison and Sons, 1898).
Report by Vice Consul O’Sullivan on the Island of Pemba, 1898 (London: Harrison and Sons, 1899).
Report by Vice Consul O’Sullivan on the Island of Pemba, 1899 (London: Harrison and Sons, 1900).
Wilson, F. B.Report of the Commission Appointed to Investigate Rural Education in the Zanzibar Protectorate. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1939.
Zanzibar Protectorate. Administrative Reports for the Year 1915. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1916.
Zanzibar ProtectorateAdministrative Reports for the Year 1918. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1919.
Zanzibar ProtectorateAdministrative Reports for the Year 1919. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1920.
Zanzibar ProtectorateAdministrative Reports for the Year 1921. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1922.
Zanzibar ProtectorateReport on the Commission of Enquiry Concerning the Riot in Zanzibar on the 7th of February, 1936. Zanzibar: Government Printer, 1936.

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