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13 - Granulation and particle coating

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2011

By
Sandra Cristina dos Santos Rocha  and
Osvaldir Pereira Taranto
Edited by
Norman Epstein  and
John R. Grace
Norman Epstein
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
John R. Grace
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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Summary

Introduction

Particle coating and granulation have attracted increasing attention in the past decade, with the objective of modifying particle physical and physicochemical properties. The increasing interest has appeared in several industrial sectors, such as the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, iron ore, agricultural, and nuclear industries. Cosmetics, flavorings, essences, enzymes, proteins, vegetables, seeds, fertilizers, sweets and candies, drugs, pigments, and nuclear fuel microspheres are examples of products that have been modified by coating or granulation processes.

Until the 1950s, rotary panels or drums were the predominant types of equipment for particle coating and granulation. Since then, new equipment and processes have been implemented by the pharmaceutical industry, owing to the replacement of tablets coated with sugar solutions by those coated with polymer films. In this new equipment, a suspension or solution is atomized on particles suspended by hot air. A thin film is deposited on the particle surfaces and dried by the hot air as the particles circulate through the chamber. Among the equipment, spouted beds, including Wurster coaters (Chapter 14) and other designs, are intended to improve the process performance and fluid dynamics – for example, by applying vibration and adding draft tubes.

The choice of the most adequate equipment depends on the physical properties of the particles to be coated, as well as on the coating material. The process conditions are also critical to obtain a good-quality coated product. Fluidized and spouted beds have been extensively used recently, mainly for the film coating of particles.

Type
Chapter
Information
Spouted and Spout-Fluid Beds
Fundamentals and Applications
 , pp. 222 - 237
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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