Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 61
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
November 2012
Print publication year:
2012
Online ISBN:
9781139151221

Book description

We are causing species to go extinct at extraordinary rates, altering existing species in unprecedented ways and creating entirely new species. More than ever before, we require an ethic of species to guide our interactions with them. In this book, Ronald L. Sandler examines the value of species and the ethical significance of species boundaries and discusses what these mean for species preservation in the light of global climate change, species engineering and human enhancement. He argues that species possess several varieties of value, but they are not sacred. It is sometimes permissible to alter species, let them go extinct (even when we are a cause of the extinction) and invent new ones. Philosophically rigorous, accessible and illustrated with examples drawn from contemporary science, this book will be of interest to students of philosophy, bioethics, environmental ethics and conservation biology.

Reviews

'Sandler addresses problems intuitively familiar to us - what species are and why we value them - in an intellectually rigorous and engaging manner … For the philosophically inclined, The Ethics of Species provides a readable and comprehensive perspective on current ethical analysis of species, transgenics, and conservation biology.'

P. William Hughes Source: Science

'The rich analysis Sandler offers in The Ethics of Species provides a strong foundation to the philosopher interested in the normative standing of biological species.'

Source: Environmental Values

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References
Agar, N. 2010 Humanity’s End: Why We Should Reject Radical EnhancementCambridge, MAMIT Press
Alaska Fish and Wildlife Service 2011 http://alaska.fws.gov/fisheries/mmm/polarbear/esa.htm
Almeida-Porada, G.Crapnell, K.Porada, C.Benoit, B. 2005 In Vivo Haematopoietic Potential of Human Neural Stem CellsBritish Journal of Haematology 130 276
Alyokhin, A. 2011 Non-natives: Put Biodiversity at RiskNature 475 36
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2005 www.aaas.org/news/releases/2005/1208protocell.shtml
Andam, K. S.Ferraro, P. J.Pfaff, A.Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A.Robalino, J. A. 2008 Measuring the Effectiveness of Protected Area Networks in Reducing DeforestationProceedings of the National Academy of Science 105 16089
Annas, G. 2005 American Bioethics: Crossing Human Rights and Health Law BoundariesOxford University Press
Attfield, R. 1987 A Theory of Value and ObligationLondonCroom Helm
Attfield, R. 1995 Value, Obligation, and Meta-EthicsAmsterdamRodopi
Aubry, K. B.McKelvey, K. S.Copeland, J. P. 2007 Distribution and Broadscale Habitat Relations of the Wolverine in the Contiguous United StatesJournal of Wildlife Management 71 2147
Baer, P.Athanasiou, T.Kartha, S.Kemp-Benedict, E. 2008 The Right to Develop in a Climate Constrained World: Greenhouse Development Rights FrameworkBerlinHeinrich-Boll-Stiftung, Christian Aid, EcoEquity and the Stockholm Environment Institute
Baillie, J. E. M.Bennun, L. A.Brooks, T. M.Butchart, S. H. M. 2004 A Global Species AssessmentUKIUCNhttp://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/html/Red%20List%202004/completed/cover.html
Bálint, M.Domisch, S.Engelhardt, C. H. M.Haase, P. 2011 Cryptic Biodiversity Loss Linked to Global Climate ChangeNature Climate Change 1 313
Barker, M. J. 2010 Species IntrinsicalismPhilosophy of Science 77 73
Barlow, C.Martin, P. S. 2004 Bring North – NowWild Earth52
Barnosky, A. 2009 Heatstroke: Nature in an Age of Global WarmingWashington, DCIsland Press
Barnosky, A. D.Matzke, N.Tomiya, S.Wogan, G. O. U. 2011 Has the Earth’s Sixth Mass Extinction Already Arrived?Nature 471 51
Barré, L.Richardson, C.Hirshman, M.Brozinick, J. 2007 Genetic Model for the Chronic Activation of Skeletal Muscle AMP-Activated Protein Kinas Leads to Glycogen AccumulationAmerican Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism 292 E802
Basl, J. 2010 Restitutive RestorationEnvironmental Ethics 35 135
Basl, J. 2010 State Neutrality and the Ethics of Human Enhancement TechnologiesAmerican Journal of Bioethics: Neuroscience 1 41
Basl, J.Sandler, R.Kaebnick, G.
Baxter, W. 1974 People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal PollutionNew YorkColumbia University Press
Bekoff, M. 2010 www.newscientist.com/article/mg20727750.100-conservation-and-compassion-first-do-no-harm.html
Benayas, J. M. R.Newton, A. C.Diaz, A.Bullock, J. M. 2009 Enhancement of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by Ecological Restoration: A Meta-AnalysisScience 325 1121
Berdik, C. 2008 www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/10/12/driving_mr_lynx
Berger, K. M.Gese, E. M. 2007 Does Interference Competition with Wolves Limit the Distribution and Abundance of Coyotes?Journal of Animal Ecology 76 1075
Berkes, F. 2004 Rethinking Community-Based ConservationConservation Biology 18 621
Blackstock, J. J.Long, J. C. S. 2010 The Politics of GeoengineeringScience 327 527
Blain, S.Quéguiner, B.Armand, L.Belvise, S. 2007 Effect of Natural Iron Fertilization on Carbon Sequestration in the Southern OceanNature 446 1070
Blakeslee, S. 2008 www.nytimes.com/2008/01/15/science/15robo.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&ref=sandrablakeslee&adxnnlx=1300122125-Yl6QVyxaacIHxdytqbK2Fg
Bokinsky, G.Peralta-Yahya, P. P.George, A.Holmes, B. M. 2011 Synthesis of Three Advanced Biofuels from Ionic Liquid-Pretreated Switchgrass using Engineered National Academy of Sciences 108 19949
Bosso, C. J. 2005 Environment Inc. From Grassroots to BeltwayLawrence, KSUniversity Press of Kansas
Bostrom, N. 2008 Why I Want to be a Posthuman When I Grow UpGordijn, B.Chadwick, R.Medical Enhancement and PosthumanityOxford University Press107
Bostrom, N.Ord, T. 2006 The Reversal Test: Eliminating Status Quo Bias in Applied EthicsEthics 116 656
Bostrom, N.Sandberg, A. 2009 Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, and Regulatory ChallengesScience and Engineering Ethics 15 311
Bovenkerk, B.Brom, F. W. A.van den Bergh, B. J. 2002 Brave New Birds: The Use of ‘Animal Integrity’ in Animal EthicsHastings Center Report 32 16
Boyd, R.Richerson, P. J. 2005 Not by Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human EvolutionUniversity of Chicago Press
Brighouse, H. 1995 Neutrality, Publicity, and State Funding of the ArtsPhilosophy and Public Affairs 24 35
Brighouse, H. 2000 Social Choice and Social JusticeOxford University Press
Brodie, J. F.Post, E. 2010 Nonlinear Responses of Wolverine Populations to Declining Winter SnowpackPopulation Ecology 50 279
Brodie, J. F.Post, E.Laurance, W. 2010 How to Conserve the Tropics as They WarmNature 468 634
Brown, D. E. 1991 Human UniversalsNew YorkMcGraw-Hill
Brustle, O.Choudhary, K.Karram, K.Huttner, A. 1998 Chimeric Brains Generated by Intraventricular Transplantation of Fetal Human Brain Cells into Embryonic RatsNature Biotechnology 16 1040
Buchanan, A. 2009 Human Nature and EnhancementBioethics 23 141
Buchanan, A. 2009 Moral Status and Human EnhancementPhilosophy and Public Affairs 37 346
Burrows, M. T.Schoeman, D. S.Buckley, L. B.Moore, P. 2011 The Pace of Shifting Climate in Marine and Terrestrial EcosystemsScience 334 652
Cafaro, P. 2001 The Naturalist’s VirtuesPhilosophy in the Contemporary World 8 85
Cafaro, P. 2001 Thoreau, Leopold, and Carson: Toward an Environmental Virtue EthicsEnvironmental Ethics 23 1
Cahen, H. 1988 Against the Moral Considerability of EcosystemsEnvironmental Ethics 10 196
Callicott, B. 1989 In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental PhilosophyAlbany, NYState University of New York Press
Callicott, B. 1992 Rolston on Intrinsic Value: A DeconstructionEnvironmental Ethics 14 129
Callicott, B. 2001 The Land EthicJamieson, D.A Companion to Environmental PhilosophyOxfordBlackwell204
Callicott, B. 2002 Choosing Appropriate Temporal and Spatial Scales for Ecological RestorationJournal of Bioscience 27 409
Callicott, B. 2006 Explicit and Implicit ValuesScott, J.Goble, D.Davis, F.The Endangered Species Act at Thirty: Conserving Biodiversity in Human-Dominated LandscapesWashington, DCIsland Press36
Callicott, B.Crowder, L. B.Mumford, K. 1999 Current Normative Conceptions in ConservationConservation Biology 13 22
Callicott, B.Grove-Fanning, W. 2009 Should Endangered Species Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Listed SpeciesSocial Philosophy and Policy 26 317
Camacho, A. E.Doremus, H.McLachlan, J. S.Minteer, B. A. 2010 Reassessing Conservation Goals in a Changing ClimateIssues in Science and Technology 26 21
Caney, S. 2008 Human Rights, Climate Change and DiscountingEnvironmental Politics 17 536
Caney, S. 2010 Climate Change, Human Rights, and Moral ThresholdsGardner, S.Caney, S.Jamieson, D.Shue, H.Climate EthicsOxford University Press163
Carlson, R. 2010 Biology is Technology: The Promise, Peril, and New Business of Engineering LifeCambridge, MAHarvard University Press
Carlson, R. 2011 www.biodesic.com/library/Biodesic_2011_Bioeconomy_Update.pdf
Carmena, J. M.Lebedev, M. A.Crist, R. E.O’Doherty, J. E. 2003 Learning to Control a Brain–Machine Interface for Reaching and Grasping by PrimatesPLoS Biology 1 42
Caro, T. 2007 The Pleistocene Rewilding GambitTrends in Ecology and Evolution 22 281
Caro, T.Darwin, J.Forrester, T.Ledoux-Bloom, C.Wells, C. 2011 Conservation in the AnthropoceneConservation Biology
Carroll, S. P. 2011 Conciliation Biology: The Eco-Evolutionary Management of Permanently Invaded Biotic SystemsEvolutionary Applications 4 184
Carson, R. 1956 The Sense of WonderNew YorkHarper & Row
Carter, A. 2004 Projectivism and the Last Man ArgumentAmerican Philosophical Quarterly 41 51
Casebeer, W. D. 2003 Natural Ethical Facts: Evolution, Connectionism, and Moral CognitionCambridge, MAMIT Press
Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) 2005 http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/wildareas
Chapron, G. 2005 Rewilding: Other Projects Help Carnivores Stay WildNature 437 318
Chapron, G.Samelius, G. 2008 Where Species Go, Legal Protections Must FollowScience 322 1049
Chen, I-C.Hill, J. K.Ohlemüller, R.Roy, D. B.Thomas, C. D. 2011 Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate WarmingScience 333 1024
Chu, S. 2009 Carbon Capture and SequestrationScience 325 1599
Climate Interactive 2011 http://climateinteractive.org/scoreboard/scoreboard-science-and-data/graphs-possibilities-for-the-global-climate-deal
Cole, D. N.Yung, L. 2010 Beyond Naturalness: Rethinking Park and Wilderness Stewardship in an Era of Rapid ChangeWashington, DCIsland Press
Conti, B.Sanchez-Alavez, M.Winsky-Sommerer, R.Morale, M. C. 2006 Transgenic Mice with a Reduced Core Body Temperature Have an Increased Life SpanScience 314 825
Crane, J. 2004 On the Metaphysics of SpeciesPhilosophy of Science 71 156
Crane, J.Sandler, R. 2011 Species Concepts and Natural GoodnessCampbell, J. K.O’Rourke, M.Slater, M.Carving Nature at its Joints: Themes in Contemporary Philosophy 8 Cambridge, MAMIT Press289
Crist, E. 2010 Cloning in Restorative PerspectiveHall, M.Restoration and History: The Search for a Usable Environmental PastNew YorkRutgers University Press284
Cronon, W. 1995 Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in NatureNew YorkW. W. Norton
Cronquist, A. 1978 Once Again, What is a Species?Biosystematics in Agriculture: Beltsville Symposia in Agricultural Research 2 3
Curtis, P. D.Sullivan, K. L. 2001 http://wildlifecontrol.info/pubs/Documents/Deer/Deer_factsheet.pdf
Davidson, I.Simkanin, C. 2008 Skeptical of Assisted ColonizationScience 321 345
Davis, M. A. 2009 Invasion BiologyOxford University Press
Davis, M. A.Chew, M. K.Hobbs, R. J.Lugo, A. E. 2011 Don’t Judge Species on Their OriginsNature 474 153
de Vries, R. 2006 Genetic Engineering and the Integrity of AnimalsJournal of Agriculture and Environmental Ethics 19 469
de Waal, F. 2006 Primates and Philosophers: How Morality EvolvedPrinceton University Press
Department of the Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 2004 www.defra.gov.uk/news/2004/040309a.htm
Derocher, A. E.Lunn, N. J.Stirling, I. 2004 Polar Bears in a Warming ClimateIntegrative and Comparative Biology 44 163
Dinerstein, E.Irvin, W. R. 2005 Rewilding: No Need for Exotics as Natives ReturnNature 437 476
Dondorp, A. M.Nosten, F.Yi, P.Das, D. 2009 Artemisinin Resistance in MalariaNew England Journal of Medicine 361 455
Donlan, J.Berger, J.Bock, C.Bock, J. 2006 Pleistocene Rewilding: An Optimistic Agenda for Twenty-First Century ConservationThe American Naturalist 168 660
Donlan, J.Greene, H. W.Berger, J.Bock, C. E. 2005 Re-Wilding North AmericaNature 436 913
Doris, J. M. 2002 Lack of Character: Personality and Moral BehaviorCambridge University Press
Dowie, M. 2009 Conservation Refugees: The Hundred-Year Conflict between Global Conservation and Native PeoplesCambridge, MAMIT Press
Dumas, P.Hourcade, J. C.Fabert, B. P. 2010 www.wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/07/30/000158349_20100730104858/Rendered/PDF/WPS5392.pdf
Dymond, J. S.Richardson, S. M.Coombes, C. E.Babatz, T. 2011 Synthetic Chromosome Arms Function in Yeast and Generate Phenotypic Diversity by DesignNature 477 471
Ehrenfeld, D. 1988 Why Put a Value on Biodiversity?Wilson, E. O.BiodiversityWashington, DCNational Academy Press212
Ehrenfeld, D. 2006 Transgenics and Vertebrate Cloning as Tools for Species ConservationConservation Biology 20 723
Ehrlich, P. 2000 Human NaturesWashington, DCIsland Press
Ehrlich, P.Ehrlich, A. 1981 Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of SpeciesNew YorkBallantine Books
Elliot, R. 1982 Faking NatureInquiry 25 81
Elliot, R. 1992 Intrinsic Value, Environmental Obligation, and NaturalnessThe Monist 75 138
Ellis, E. C.Ramankutty, N. 2008 Putting People in the Map: Anthropogenic Biomes of the WorldFrontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6 439
Emerson, R. W. 2000 ArtAtkinson, B.The Essential Writings of Ralph Waldo EmersonNew YorkModern Library274
Erb, L. P.Ray, C.Guralnick, R. 2011 On the Generality of a Climate-Mediated Shift in the Distribution of the American Pika ()Ecology 92 1730
Ereshefsky, M. 1998 Species Pluralism and Anti-RealismPhilosophy of Science 65 103
Evans, J. C. 2005 With Respect for Nature: Living as Part of the Natural WorldAlbany, NYState University of New York Press
Fecht, S. 2011 http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/10/07/geoengineering-tests
Fecht, S. 2011 www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=uk-researchers-to-test-artificial-volcano-for-geoengineering-the-climate
Feinberg, J. 1974 The Rights of Animals and Future GenerationsBlackstone, W.Philosophy and Environmental CrisisAthens, GAUniversity of Georgia Press43
Feit, C. 2002 Genetically Modified Food and Jewish Law (Halakhah)Ruse, M.Castle, D.Genetically Modified FoodsAmherst, NYPrometheus123
Fenton, E. 2008 Genetic Enhancement – A Threat to Human Rights?Bioethics 22 1
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) 2009 www.fws.gov/invasives/faq.html#q7
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) 2010 www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/americanpika/02052010FRTemp.pdf
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) 2010 www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010–12–14/pdf/2010–30573.pdf
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) 2011 www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/12/14/2010-30573/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-12-month-finding-on-a-petition-to-list-the-north
Fisher, M. A.McKinley, K. L.Bradley, L. H.Viola, S. R.Hecht, M. H. 2011 Designed Proteins from a Library of Artificial Sequences Function in and Enable Cell GrowthPLoS ONE 6 e15364
Foden, W.Mace, G.Vié, J-C.Angulo, A. 2008 Species Susceptibility to Climate Change ImpactsVié, J-C.Hilton-Taylor, C.Stuart, S. N.The 2008 Review of the IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesGland, SwitzerlandIUCN77http://training.fws.gov/EC/resources/shc/species_susceptibility_to_climate_change_impacts.pdf
Fox, D. 2007 www.conservationmagazine.org/articles/v8n1/when-worlds-collide
Fukuyama, F. 2002 Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology RevolutionNew YorkPicador
Garcia, T.Sandler, R. 2009 Enhancing Justice?Nanoethics 2 277
Gardiner, S. 2006 A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics and the Problem of CorruptionEnvironmental Values 15 397
Gardiner, S. 2010 Ethics and Climate Change: An IntroductionWires Climate Change 1 54
Gaston, K. J.Jackson, S. E.Cantu-Salazar, L.Cruz-Pinon, G. 2008 The Ecological Performance of Protected AreasAnnual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 39 93
Ghiselin, M. 1997 Metaphysics and the Origin of SpeciesAlbany, NYState University of New York Press
Gibson, D.Benders, G.Andrews-Pfannkoch, C.Denisova, E. 2008 Complete Chemical Synthesis, Assembly, and Cloning of a GenomeScience 319 1215
Gibson, D.Glass, J. I.Lartigue, C.Noskov, V. N. 2010 Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized GenomeScience 329 52
Gillett, N. P.Arora, V. K.Zickfeld, K.Marshall, S. J.Merryfield, W. J. 2011 Ongoing Climate Change Following a Complete Cessation of Carbon DioxideNature Geoscience 4 83
Gleditsch, J. M.Carlo, T. A. 2010 Fruit Quantity of Invasive Shrubs Predicts the Abundance of Common Native Avian Frugivores in Central PennsylvaniaDiversity and Distributions 17 244
Goeddel, D. V.Kleid, D. G.Bolivar, F.Heyneker, H. L. 1979 Expression in of Chemically Synthesized Genes for Human Insulin,”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 76 106
Goldstein, R. S.Drukker, M.Reubinoff, B. E.Benvenisty, N. 2002 Integration and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Transplanted to the Chick EmbryoDevelopmental Dynamics 225 80
Grant, P. R. 1993 Hybridization of Darwin’s Finches on Isla Daphne Major, GalapagosPhilosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 340 127
Gravel Ortiz, S. 2004 Beyond Welfare: Animal Integrity, Animal Dignity, and Genetic EngineeringEthics and the Environment 9 94
Greater Yellowstone Coordinating CommitteeWhitebark Pine Subcommittee 2011 http://fedgycc.org/documents/WBPStrategyFINAL5.31.11.pdf
Greely, H.Sahakian, B.Harris, J.Kessler, R. C. 2008 Towards Responsible Use of Cognitive-Enhancing Drugs by the HealthyNature 456 702
Green, R. E.Krause, J.Briggs, A. W.Maricic, T. 2010 A Draft Sequence of Neanderthal GenomeScience 328 710
Greenpeace 2002 Genetically Engineered ‘Golden Rice’ is Fools GoldRuse, M.Castle, D.Genetically Modified Foods: Debating BiotechnologyAmherst, NYPrometheus52
Halpern, B. S.Walbridge, S.Selkoe, K. A.Kappel, C. V. 2008 A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine EcosystemsScience 319 948
Hannah, L. 2011 Climate Change, Connectivity, and Conservation SuccessConservation Biology 25 1139
Hansen, J. 2007 http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.3720v1
Hansen, J.Ruedy, R.Sato, M.Lo, K. 2010 Global Surface Temperature ChangeReviews of Geophysics 48 1
Hansen, J.Sato, M. 2007 www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2007/EastWest_20070925.pdf
Hansen, J.Sato, M.Kharecha, P.Beerling, D. 2008 Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?Open Atmospheric Science Journal 2 217
Harris, J.Hobbs, R.Higgs, E.Aronson, J. 2006 Ecological Restoration and Global Climate ChangeRestoration Ecology 14 170
Hart Research Associates 2010 www.synbioproject.org/process/assets/files/6456/hart_revised_.pdf?
Hegerl, G. C.Solomon, S. 2009 Risks of Climate EngineeringScience 325 955
Hellmann, J. J.Pfrende, M. E. 2011 Future Human Intervention in Ecosystems and the Critical Role for Evolutionary BiologyConservation Biology 25 1143
Hershner, C.Havens, K. J. 2008 Managing Invasive Aquatic Plants in a Changing System: Strategic Consideration of Ecosystem ServicesConservation Biology 22 544
Higashide, W.Li, Y.Yang, Y.Liao, J. C. 2011 Metabolic Engineering of for Isobutanol Production from CelluloseApplications of Environmental Microbiology 77 2727
Higgs, E. 2003 Nature by Design: People, Natural Process, and Ecological RestorationCambridge, MAMIT Press
Hobbs, R. J.Arico, S.Aronson, J.Baron, J. S. 2006 Novel Ecosystems: Theoretical and Management Aspects of the New Ecological World OrderGlobal Ecology and Biogeography 15 1
Hobbs, R. J.Higgs, E.Harris, J. A. 2009 Novel Ecosystems: Implications for Conservation and RestorationTrends in Ecology and Evolution 24 599
Hochberg, L. R.Serruya, M. D.Friehs, G. M.Mukand, J. A. 2006 Neuronal Ensemble Control of Prosthetic Devices by a Human with TetraplegiaNature 442 164
Hoegh-Guldberg, O.Hughes, L.McIntyre, S.Lindenmayer, D. B. 2008 Assisted Colonization and Rapid Climate ChangeScience 321 345
Hoerner, J. A. 2006 Toward a Just Climate PolicyRace, Poverty and the Environment 13 11www.urbanhabitat.org/files/Andrew.H.Just.Climate.Policy.pdf
Hoffman, M.Hilton-Taylor, C.Angulo, A.Bohm, M. 2010 The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World’s VertebratesScience 330 1503
Holt, W. V.Pickard, A. R.Prather, R. S. 2004 Wildlife Conservation and Reproductive CloningReproduction 127 317
Hooker, B. 2000 Ideal Code, Real World: A Rule-Consequentialist Theory of MoralityOxford University Press
Hull, D. 1976 Are Species Really Individuals?Systematic Zoology 25 174
Hull, D. 1978 A Matter of IndividualityPhilosophy of Science 45 335
Hulme, P. E.Pyšek, P.Duncan, R. P. 2011 Don’t be Fooled by a Name: A Reply to Thompson and DavisTrends in Ecology and Evolution 26 318
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority 2007 www.hfea.gov.uk/docs/Hybrids_Report.pdf
Hunter, M. L. 1990 Wildlife, Forests, and ForestryEnglewood Cliffs, NJPrentice Hall
Hunter, M. L. 1991 Coping with Ignorance: The Coarse Filter Strategy for Maintaining BiodiversityKohm, K. A.Balancing on the Edge of ExtinctionWashington, DCIsland Press266
Hunter, M. L. 2001 Fundamentals of Conservation BiologyOxfordBlackwell
Hunter, M. L. 2007 Climate Change and Moving Species: Furthering the Debate on Assisted ColonizationConservation Biology 21 1356
Hunter, M. L.JacobsonJr., G. L.WebbIII, T. 1988 Paleoecology and the Coarse-Filter Approach to Maintaining Biological DiversityConservation Biology 2 375
HutchisonIII, C.Peterson, S.Gill, S.Cline, R. 1999 Global Transposon Mutagenesis and a Minimal Mycoplasma GenomeScience 286 2165
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 Climate Change 2007: Synthesis ReportGenevaIPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science BasisGenevaIPCC
International Genetically Engineered Machines Competition (iGem) 2010 http://2010.igem.org/About
International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2011 www.iucn.org/what/tpas/biodiversity
Jackson, S. T.Hobbs, R. J. 2009 Ecological Restoration in Light of Ecological HistoryScience 325 567
Jacobs, G. H.Williams, G. A.Cahill, H.Nathans, J. 2007 Emergence of Novel Color Vision in Mice Engineered to Express a Human Cone PhotopigmentScience 315 1723
James, C. 2010 Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM CropsIthaca, NYInternational Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications
Jamieson, D. 2005 Adaptation, Mitigation, and JusticeSinnott-Armstrong, W.Howarth, R. B.Perspectives on Climate Change: Science, Economics, Politics, and EthicsAmsterdamElsevier217
Johnson, L. 1991 A Morally Deep WorldCambridge University Press
Johnson, L. 2003 Future Generations and Contemporary EthicsEnvironmental Values 12 471
Jotterand, F. 2010 Human Dignity and Transhumanism: Do Anthro-technological Devices Have Moral Status?American Journal of Bioethics 10 45
Kagan, S. 1998 Rethinking Intrinsic ValueJournal of Ethics 2 227
Kant, I. 1998 Groundwork for the Metaphysic of MoralsGregor, M.Cambridge University Press
Kant, I. 1997 Duties to Animals and SpiritsLectures on EthicsHeath, P.Schneedwind, J. B.Heath, P.Cambridge University Press212
Karpowicz, P.Cohen, C. B.van der Kooy, D. 2005 Developing Human–Nonhuman Chimeras in Human Stem Cell Research: Ethical Issues and BoundariesKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 15 107
Kass, L. R. 1997 The Wisdom of RepugnanceThe New Republic 216 17
Kass, L. R. 2001 Preventing a Brave New World: Why We should Ban Human Cloning NowThe New Republic 224 30
Kass, L. R. 2002 Life, Liberty, and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for BioethicsSan Francisco, CAEncounter Books
Kass, L. R. 2003 Ageless Bodies, Happy SoulsThe New Atlantis 1 9
Katz, E. 1992 The Call of the WildEnvironmental Ethics 14 265
Katz, E. 2000 The Big LieThroop, W.Environmental RestorationAmherst, NYHumanity83
Kawall, J. 2008 On Behalf of Biocentric Individualism: A Response to Victoria DavionEnvironmental Ethics 30 69
Keesing, F.Belden, L. K.Daszak, P.Dobson, A. 2010 Impacts of Biodiversity on the Emergence and Transmission of Infectious DiseasesNature 468 647
Keim, B. 2008 www.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/11/next-generation
Keith, D. W. 2001 GeoengineeringNature 409 420
Kelly, B. P.Whiteley, A.Tallmon, D. 2010 The Arctic Melting PotNature 468 891
Kempton, W.Boster, J. S.Hartley, J. A. 1995 Environmental Values in American CultureCambridge, MAMIT Press
Kitcher, P. 1984 SpeciesPhilosophy of Science 51 308
Kitcher, P. 1987 Ghostly Whispers: Mayr, Ghiselin, and the ‘Philosophers’ on the Ontological Status of SpeciesBiology and Philosophy 2 184
Korsgaard, C. 1983 Two Distinctions in GoodnessThe Philosophical Review 92 169
Kulinowski, K. 2004 Nanotechnology: From ‘Wow’ to ‘YukBulletin of Science, Technology and Society 24 13
Kurz, W. A.Dymond, C. C.Stinson, G.Rampley, G. J. 2008 Mountain Pine Beetle and Forest Carbon Feedback to Climate ChangeNature 452 987
Kurzweil, R. 2005 The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend BiologyNew YorkViking
Lammerts van Bueren, E. T.Struik, P. C. 2005 Integrity and Rights of Plants: Ethical Notions in Organic Plant Breeding and PropagationJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 18 479
Lammerts van Bueren, E. T.Struik, P. C.Tiemens-Hulscher, M.Jacobsen, E. 2003 The Concepts of Intrinsic Value and Integrity of Plants in Organic Plant Breeding and PropagationCrop Science 43 1922
Lancet 2010 Another Step towards Preventing Artemisinin ResistanceThe Lancet 375 956
Lanza, R. P.Cibelli, J. B.Diaz, F.Moraes, C. T. 2000 Cloning of an Endangered Species () Using Interspecies Nuclear TransferCloning 2 79
Lartigue, C.Vashee, S.Algire, M.Chuang, R. 2009 Creating Bacterial Strains from Genomes that have been Cloned and Engineered in YeastScience 325 1693
Lawler, J. J.Olden, J. D. 2011 Reframing the Debate over Assisted ColonizationFrontiers in Ecology and the Environment 9 569
Lee, P.George, R. P. 2008 The Nature and Basis of Human DignityHuman Dignity and Bioethics: Essays Commissioned by the President’s Council on BioethicsWashington, DCThe President’s Council on Bioethics409
Lee, S. J.Reed, L. A.Davies, M. V.Girgenrath, S. 2005 Regulation of Muscle Growth by Multiple Ligands Signaling Through Activin Type II ReceptorsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 18117
Leopold, A. 1949 A Sand County AlmanacOxford University Press
Lerdau, M.Wickham, J. D. 2011 Non-Natives: Four Risk FactorsNature 475 36
Lerman, S. B.Warren, P. S. 2011 The Conservation Value of Residential Yards: Linking Birds and PeopleEcological Applications 21 1327
Liao, M. 2010 The Basis of Human Moral StatusJournal of Moral Philosophy 7 159
Light, A. 2000 Restoration or Domination?: A Reply to KatzThroop, W.Environmental Restoration: Ethics, Theory, and PracticeAmherst, NYHumanity95
Lim, M. M.Wang, Z.Olazabal, D. E.Ren, X. 2004 Enhanced Partner Preference in a Promiscuous Species by Manipulating the Expression of a Single GeneNature 429 754
Logan, J. A. 2007 Climate Change Induced Invasions by Native and Exotic PestsGottschalk, K. W.Proceedings of the 17th US Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Species 2006Newtown Square, PAUS Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station8
Logan, J.Macfarlane, W.Willcox, L. 2010 Whitebark Pine Vulnerability to Climate-driven Mountain Pine Beetle Disturbance in the Greater YellowstoneEcological Applications 20 895
Logan, J. A.Powell, J. A. 2001 Ghost Forests, Global Warming, and the Mountain Pine BeetleAmerican Entomology 47 160
Logan, J. A.Régenère, J.Gray, D. R.Munson, A. S. 2007 Risk Assessment in the Face of a Changing Environment: Gypsy Moth and Climate Change in UtahEcological Applications 17 101
Lomborg, B. 2001 The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the WorldCambridge University Press
Lomborg, B. 2007 Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalists Guide to Global WarmingNew YorkKnopf
Long Island Sound Study 2011http://longislandsoundstudy.net/research-monitoring/sentinel-monitoring 2011
Longo, V. D.Finch, C. E. 2003 Evolutionary Medicine: From Dwarf Model Systems to Healthy Centenarians?Science 299 1342
Lövei, G. L.Lewinsohn, T. M. 2011 Megadiverse Developing Countries Face Huge Risks from InvasivesTrends in Ecology and Evolution 27 2
Macdonald, D.Baker, S.Gelling, M.Harrington, L. 2010 http://compassionateconservation.org/Presentation%20-%20David%20Macdonald.pdf
Macfarlane, W.Logan, J.Kern, W. 2010 Using the Landscape Assessment System (LAS) to Assess Mountain Pine Beetle-caused Mortality of Whitebark Pine, Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 2009Jackson, WYGreater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee, Whitebark Pine Subcommittee
Maclaurin, J.Sterelny, K. 2008 What is Biodiversity?University of Chicago Press
Maestra, F. T.Quero, J. L.Gotelli, N. J.Escudero, A. 2012 Plant Species Richness and Ecosystem Multifunctionality in Global DrylandsScience 335 214
Magurran, A. E.Dornelas, M. 2010 Biological Diversity in a Changing WorldPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 365 3593
Maher, B. 2008 Poll Results: Look Who’s DopingNature 452 674
Maier, D. 2012 What’s so Good about Biodiversity?AmsterdamSpringer
Mansy, S.Schrum, P.Krishnamurthy, M.Tobé, S. 2008 Template-Directed Synthesis of a Genetic Polymer in a Model ProtocellNature 454 122
Marris, E. 2008 www.nature.com/climate/2008/0809/full/climate.2008.86.html
Marris, E. 2009 Forestry: Planting the Forest of the FutureNature 459 906
Marris, E. 2010 Transgenic Fish go LargeNature 467 259
Mayr, E.Ashlock, P. D. 1991 Principles of Systematic ZoologyNew YorkMcGraw-Hill
McCabe, S. E.Knight, J. R.Teter, C. J.Wechsler, H. 2005 Non-Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among US College Students: Prevalence and Correlates From a National SurveyAddiction 100 96
McClanahan, T. R.Cinner, J. E.Maina, J.Graham, N. A. J. 2008 Conservation Action in a Changing ClimateConservation Letters 1 53
McConnell, T. 2010 Genetic Enhancement, Human Nature, and RightsJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 35 415
McDonald-Madden, E.Runge, M. C.Possingham, H. P.Martin, T. G. 2011 Optimal Timing for Managed Relocation of Species Faced with Climate ChangeNature Climate Change 1 261
McGrath, B. 2007 Muscle Memory: The Next Generation of Bionic ProsthesesThe New Yorker40
McKibben, B. 2000 The End of NatureNew YorkRandom House
McKibben, B. 2003 Enough: Staying Human in an Engineered AgeNew YorkHenry Holt
McKibben, B. 2010 Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New PlanetNew YorkHenry Holt
McLachlan, J. S.Hellmann, J. J.Schwartz, M. W. 2007 A Framework for Debate of Assisted Migration in an Era of Climate ChangeConservation Biology 21 297
McLane, S.Aitken, S.http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11–0329.1
McMahan, J. 2005 Our Fellow CreaturesJournal of Ethics 9 353
Meinecke-Tillmann, S.Meinecke, B. 1984 Experimental Chimaeras – Removal of Reproductive Barrier Between Sheep and GoatNature 307 637
Mill, J. S. 1904 On NatureNature, The Utility of Religion and TheismLondonWatts & Co7
Mill, J. S. 2001 UtilitarianismIndianapolis, INHackett
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 Ecosystem and Human Well-Being: SynthesisWashington, DCIsland Press
Minteer, B.Collins, J. 2010 Move It or Lose It? The Ecological Ethics of Relocating Species under Climate ChangeEcological Applications 20 1801
Molnar, P. K.Derocher, A. E.Klanjscek, T.Lewis, M. A. 2011 Predicting Climate Change Impacts on Polar Bear Litter SizeNature Communications 8 186
Morelle, R. 2010 www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11586279
Mueller, J.Hellmann, M. 2008 An Assessment of Invasion Risk from Assisted MigrationConservation Biology 22 562
Myskja, B. K. 2006 The Moral Difference Between Intragenic and Transgenic Modification of PlantsJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19 225
Naam, R. 2005 More than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological EnhancementNew YorkBroadway Books
Nagel, R. L. 1998 A Knockout of a Transgenic Mouse-Animal Model of Sickle Cell AnemiaNew England Journal of Medicine 339 194
Nathanson, S. 1993 Patriotism, Morality and PeaceLanham, MDRowman & Littlefield
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 1987 Introduction of Recombinant DNA-Engineered Organisms into the Environment: Key IssuesWashington, DCNational Academy of Science
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 2008 www.nimh.nih.gov/science-news/2008/mice-expressing-human-genes-bred-to-help-unravel-mental-disorders.shtml
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 2011 www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/normals/usnormals.html
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Protection Program 2011 http://coralreef.noaa.gov/threats/climate
National Park Service (NPS) 2010 National Park Service Climate Change Response StrategyFort Collins, CONational Park Service Climate Change Response Program
National Snow and Ice Data Center 2011 http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews
Naylor, R. L.Goldburg, R. J.Primavera, J. H.Kautsky, N. 2000 Effect of Aquaculture on World Fish SuppliesNature 405 1017
New, M. 2011 Four Degrees and Beyond: The Potential for a Global Temperature Increase of Four Degrees and its ImplicationsPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 369 4
New Zealand Ministry for the Environment 2004 Genetic Modification: The New Zealand ApproachWellingtonNew Zealand Ministry for the Environment
Norcross, A. 2004 Puppies, Pigs, and People: Eating Meat and Marginal CasesPhilosophical Perspectives 8 230
Nordhaus, W. 2007 Critical Assumptions in the on Climate ChangeScience 317 201
Nordhaus, W. 2007 The on the Economics of Climate ChangeJournal of Economic Literature 45 686
Norton, B. 1990 Why Preserve Natural Value?Princeton University Press
Norton, B. 1992 Epistemology and Environmental ValuesMonist 75 208
Norton, B. 2005 Sustainability: A Philosophy of Adaptive Ecosystem ManagementUniversity of Chicago Press
Novak, D. 2000 Covenantal Right: A Study in Jewish Political TheoryPrinceton University Press
Nussbaum, M. C. 2000 Women and Human Development: The Capabilities ApproachNew YorkCambridge University Press
O’Neill, J. 1992 The Varieties of Intrinsic ValueThe Monist 75 119
O’Neill, J. 1993 Ecology, Policy, and Politics: Human Well-Being and the Natural WorldLondonRoutledge
Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) 1987 New Developments in Biotechnology – Background Paper: Public Perceptions of BiotechnologyOTA-BP-BA-45. Washington, DCUS Government Printing Office
Okasha, S. 2007 Evolution and the Levels of SelectionOxford University Press
Okutsu, T.Shikina, S.Kanno, M.Takeuchi, Y.Yoshizaki, G. 2007 Production of Trout Offspring from Triploid Salmon ParentsScience 317 1517
Olshansky, S. J.Perls, T. T. 2008 New Developments in the Illegal Provision of Growth Hormone for ‘Anti-Aging’ and BodybuildingJournal of the American Medical Association 299 2792
Ortiz, R. 2008 Crop Genetic Engineering under Global Climate ChangeAnnals of Arid Zone 47 1
Ourednick, V.Ourednick, J.Flax, J. D.Zawada, W. M. 2001 Segregation of Human Neutral Stem Cells in the Developing Primate ForebrainScience 293 1820
Owen, F. 1991 Varieties of Moral PersonalityCambridge, MAHarvard University Press
Palmer, C. 2011 Does Nature Matter? The Place of the Non-Human in the Ethics of Climate ChangeArnold, D. G.The Ethics of Global Climate ChangeCambridge University Press272
Palmer, C. 2011 Animal Disenhancement and the Non-Identity Problem: A Response to ThompsonNanoethics 5 43
Parfit, D. 1982 Future Generations: Further ProblemsPhilosophy and Public Affairs 11 113
Parfit, D. 1983 Energy Policy and the Further Future: The Identify ProblemMacLean, D.Brown, P. G.Energy and the FutureTotowa, NJRowman & Littlefield166
Parfit, D. 1984 Reasons and PersonsOxfordClarendon Press
Paterson, J. S.Araujo, M. B.Berry, P. M.Piper, J. M.Rounsevell, M. D. A. 2008 Mitigation, Adaptation and the Threat to BiodiversityConservation Biology 22 1352
Perry, J. 2002 Genetically Modified CropsRuse, M.Castle, D.Genetically Modified FoodsAmherst, NYPrometheus115
Pew Research Center 2011 http://people-press.org/report/711
Pimentel, D.Zuniga, R.Morrison, D. 2005 Update on the Environmental and Economic Costs Associated with Alien-Invasive Species in the United StatesEcological Economics 52 273
Pinchot, G. 1914 The Training of a ForesterPhiladelphia, PAJ. B. Lippincott
Pinker, S. 2002 The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human NatureNew YorkPenguin
Plastic Surgery Research 2010 www.cosmeticplasticsurgerystatistics.com/statistics.html#2008-NEWS
Plumwood, V. 2002 Environmental Culture and the Ecological Crisis of ReasonLondonRoutledge
Posner, E. A.Sunstein, C. R. 2007 Climate Change JusticeGeorgetown Law Journal 96 1565
Pounds, J. A.Crump, M. L. 1994 Amphibian Declines and Climate Disturbance: The Case of the Golden Toad and the Harlequin FrogConservation Biology 8 72
Pounds, J. A.Bustamante, M. R.Coloma, L. A.Consuegra, J. A. 2006 Widespread Amphibian Extinctions from Epidemic Disease Driven by Global WarmingNature 439 161
President’s Council on Bioethics 2002 Human Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical InquiryWashington, DCPresident’s Council on Bioethics
President’s Council on Bioethics 2003 Beyond TherapyWashington, DCPresident’s Council on Bioethics
Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues 2010 New Directions: The Ethics of Synthetic Biology and Emerging TechnologiesWashington, DCPresidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues
Preston, C. J. 2008 Synthetic Biology: Drawing a Line in Darwin’s SandEnvironmental Values 17 23
Preston, C. 2012 Rethinking the UnthinkableEngineering the Climate: The Ethics of Solar Radiation ManagementLanham, MDLexington Books
Prinz, J. 2006 The Emotional Basis of Moral JudgmentsPhilosophical Explorations 9 29
Program on International Policy Attitudes 2003 www.americans-world.org/digest/global_issues/biotechnology/bio_summary.cfm
Rachels, J. 1990 Created from Animals: The Moral Implications of DarwinismOxford University Press
Raffensperger, C. 2002 Learning to Speak Ethics in Technological DebatesBailey, B.Lappe, M.Engineering the Farm: Ethical and Social Aspects of Agricultural BiotechnologyWashington, DCIsland Press125
Rands, M. R. W.Adams, W. M.Bennun, L.Butchart, S. H. M. 2010 Biodiversity Conservation: Challenges Beyond 2010Science 329 1298
Rasmussen, S.Bedau, M. A.Chen, L.Deamer, D. 2009 Protocells: Bridging Nonliving and Living MatterCambridge University Press
Rawinski, T. J. 2008 http://na.fs.fed.us/fhp/special_interests/white_tailed_deer.pdf
Rawls, J. 1971 A Theory of JusticeCambridge, MAHarvard University Press
Rawls, J. 1996 Political LiberalismNew YorkColumbia University Press
Regan, T. 1983 The Case for Animal RightsBerkeley, CAUniversity of California Press
Regehr, E. V.Hunter, C. M.Caswell, H.Amstrup, S. C.Stirling, I. 2010 Survival and Breeding of Polar Bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea in Relation to Sea IceJournal of Animal Ecology 79 117
Registry of Standard Biological Parts 2010 http://partsregistry.org/Main_Page
Reichman, J.Watrud, L. S.Lee, E. H.Burdick, C. A. 2006 Establishment of Transgenic Herbicide-Resistant Creeping Bentgrass ( L.) in Non-Agronomic HabitatsMolecular Ecology 15 4243
Rewilding Europe 2011 http://rewildingeurope.com
Ricciardi, A.Simberloff, D. 2009 Assisted Colonization is not a Viable Conservation StrategyTrends in Ecology and Evolution 24 248
Richardson, D. M.Hellmann, J. J.McLachlan, J.Sax, D. F. 2009 Multidimensional Evaluation of Managed RelocationProceedings of the National Academy of Science 106 9721
Rifkin, J. 1985 Declaration of a HereticBoston, MARoutledge & Kegan Paul
Ro, D.Paradise, E.Ouellet, M.Fisher, K. 2006 Production of the Antimalarial Drug Precursor Artemisinic Acid in Engineered YeastNature 440 940
Robert, J. S.Baylis, F. 2003 Crossing Species BoundariesAmerican Journal of Bioethics 3 1
Robock, A.Bunzl, M.Kravitz, B.Stenchikov, G. L. 2010 A Test for Geoengineering?Science 327 530
Robock, A.Marguardt, A.Kravitz, B.Stenchikov, G. 2009 Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Stratospheric GeoengineeringGeophysical Research Letters 36 L19703
Rode, K. D.Amstrup, S. C.Regehr, E. V. 2010 Reduced Body Size and Cub Recruitment in Polar Bears Associated with Sea Ice DeclineEcological Applications 20 768
Rollins, B. E. 1995 The Frankenstein Syndrome: Ethical and Social Issues in the Genetic Engineering of AnimalsNew YorkCambridge University Press
Rollins, B. E. 1998 On and Genetic EngineeringHolland, A.Johnson, A.Animal Biotechnology and EthicsNew YorkChapman & Hall156
RolstonIII, H. 1982 Are Values in Nature Subjective or Objective?Environmental Ethics 4 125
RolstonIII, H. 1986 Philosophy Gone Wild: Essays in Environmental EthicsAmherst, NYPrometheus
RolstonIII, H. 1989 Duties to Endangered SpeciesPhilosophy Gone WildAmherst, NYPrometheus206
RolstonIII, H. 1995 Duties to Endangered SpeciesEncyclopedia of Environmental Biology 1 517
RolstonIII, H. 2001 BiodiversityJamieson, D.A Companion to Environmental PhilosophyOxfordBlackwell402
RolstonIII, H. 2003 Value in Nature and the Nature of ValuesLight, A.Rolston, H.Environmental EthicsMalden, MABlackwell143
Root, T. L.Schneider, S. H. 2006 Conservation and Climate Change: The Challenge AheadConservation Biology 20 706
Rosenzweig, M. 2003 Win-Win Ecology: How Earth’s Species can Survive in the Midst of Human EnterpriseOxford University Press
Rossant, J.Frels, W. I. 1980 Interspecific Chimeras in Mammals: Successful Production of Live Chimeras Between and Science 208 419
Routtenberg, A.Cantallops, I.Zaffuto, S.Serrano, P.Namgung, U. 2000 Enhanced Learning after Genetic Overexpression of a Brain Growth ProteinProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 7657
Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE) 2009 www.raeng.org.uk/news/publications/list/reports/Syn_bio_dialogue_report.pdf
Royal Society 2009 http://royalsociety.org/geoengineering-the-climate
Royal Society 2009 http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/policy/publications/2009/4294967719.pdf
Rubenstein, D. R.Rubenstein, D. I.Sherman, P. W.Gavi, T. A. 2006 Pleistocene Park: Does Rewilding North America Represent Sound Conservation in the 21st Century?Biological Conservation 132 232
Russell, A. W.Sparrow, R. 2008 The Case for Regulating Intragenic GMOsJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 21 153
Rutgers, B.Heeger, R. 1999 Inherent Worth and Respect for Animal IntegrityDol, M.van Vliessingen, M. FentenerKasanmoentalib, S.Visser, T.Zwart, H.Recognizing the Intrinsic Values of AnimalsAssenVan Gorcum41
Ryder, O. A. 2002 Cloning Advances and Challenges for ConservationTrends in Biotechnology 20 231
Ryder, O. A.McLaren, A.Brenner, S.Zhang, Y-P.Benirschke, K. 2000 DNA Banks for Endangered Animal SpeciesScience 288 275
Saeidi, N.Wong, C. K.Lo, T-M.Nguyen, H. X. 2011 Engineering Microbes to Sense and Eradicate , a Human PathogenMolecular Systems Biology 7 521
Sagoff, M. 1982 At the Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima or Why Political Questions are not all EconomicArizona Law Review 23 1281
Sagoff, M. 1988 The Economy of the Earth: Philosophy, Law, and the EnvironmentNew YorkCambridge University Press
Sahasrabudhe, S.Motter, A. E. 2011 Rescuing Ecosystems from Extinction Cascades through Compensatory PerturbationsNature Communications 2 1
Salazar, C.Baxter, S. W.Pardo-Diaz, C.Wu, G. 2010 Genetic Evidence for Hybrid Trait Speciation in ButterfliesPLoS Genet 6 e1000930
Sandel, M. J. 2007 The Case Against Perfection: Ethics in the Age of Genetic EngineeringCambridge, MAHarvard University Press
Sandler, R. 2007 Character and Environment. A Virtue-Oriented Approach to Environmental EthicsNew YorkColumbia University Press
Sandler, R. 2011 http://onthehuman.org/2011/05/enhancing-moral-status
Sandler, R. 2012 Thompson, Bendik-Keymer, 63
Sandler, R. 2012 Solar Radiation Management and Nonhuman SpeciesPreston, C.Engineering the Climate: The Ethics of Solar Radiation ManagementLanham, MDLexington
Sandler, R.The Ethics of MitigationDi Paola, M.Pellegino, G.The Ethics and Politics of Climate ChangeLondonRoutledge
Sandler, R.Basl, J. 2010 Transhumanism, Human Dignity, and Moral StatusAmerican Journal of Bioethics 10 63
Sandler, R.Cafaro, P. 2005 Environmental Virtue EthicsLanham, MDRowman & Littlefield
Sandler, R.Crane, J. 2006 On the Moral Considerability of and Other SpeciesEnvironmental Values 15 69
Sandler, R.Kay, W. D. 2006 The GMO-Nanotech (Dis)Analogy?Bulletin of Science, Technology, and Society 26 57
Sandler, R.Pezzullo, P. C. 2007 Environmental Justice and Environmentalism: The Social Justice Challenge to the Environmental MovementCambridge, MAMIT Press
Sandøe, P.Christensen, S. B. 2008 The Ethics of Animal UseOxfordWiley-Blackwell
Sandøe, P.Nielsen, B. L.Christensen, S. B.Sørensen, P. 1999 Staying Good while Playing God – The Ethics of Breeding Farm AnimalsAnimal Welfare 8 313
Sarkar, S. 2005 Biodiversity and Environmental Philosophy: An IntroductionCambridge University Press
Savulescu, J. 2010 The Human Prejudice and the Moral Status of Enhanced Beings: What Do We Owe the Gods?Savulescu, J.Bostrom, N.Human EnhancementOxford University Press211
Sax, D. F.Gaines, S. D. 2008 Species Invasion and Extinction: The Future of Native Biodiversity on IslandsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 11490
Schafer-Landau, R. 2003 Moral Realism: A DefenceOxford University Press
Schlaepfer, M. A. 2005 Rewilding: A Bold Plan that Needs Native MegafaunaNature 437 951
Schlaepfer, M. A.Sax, D. V.Olden, J. D. 2011 The Potential Conservation Value of Non-Native SpeciesConservation Biology 25 428
Schliebe, S.Evans, T.Johnson, H.Roy, M. 2006
Schouten, H. J.Krens, F. A.Jacobsen, E. 2006 Cisgenic Plants are Similar to Traditionally Bred PlantsEMBO Reports 7 750
Schouten, H. J.Krens, F. A.Jacobsen, E. 2006 Do Cisgenic Plants Warrant Less Stringent Oversight?Nature Biotechnology 24 753
Schrag, D. P. 2007 Preparing to Capture CarbonScience 315 812
Schwartz, M. 2004 Conservationists Should Not Move Wild Earth73
Schwille, P. 2011 Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology: Engineering in a Tinkerer’s WorldScience 333 1252
Scott, D. 2005 The Magic Bullet Criticism of Agricultural BiotechnologyAgriculture and Environmental Ethics 18 259
Sharma, S.Vander Zanden, M. J.Magnuson, J. J.Lyons, J. 2011 Comparing Climate Change and Species Invasions as Drivers of Coldwater Fish Population ExtirpationsPLoS ONE 6 e22906
Shepard, P. M.Corbin-Mark, C. 2009 Climate JusticeEnvironmental Justice 2 163
Shindler, B.Cheek, K. A. 1999 Integrating Citizens in Adaptive Management: A Propositional AnalysisConservation Ecology 3 9
Shirey, P. D.Lamberti, G. A. 2009 Assisted Colonization Under the US Endangered Species ActConservation Letters 3 45
Simberloff, D. 2011 Non-natives: 141 Scientists ObjectNature 475 36
Simberloff, D.Souza, L.Nuñez, M. A.Barrios-Garcia, M. N.The Natives are Restless, but not Often and Mostly when DisturbedEcology
Sinervo, B.Mendez-de-la-Cruz, F.Miles, D. B.Heulin, B. 2010 Erosion of Lizard Diversity by Climate Change and Altered Thermal NichesScience 328 894
Singer, P. 1977 Animal LiberationLondonPaladin
Singer, P. 1989 All Animals are EqualRegan, T.Singer, P.Animal Rights and Human ObligationsUpper Saddle River, NJPrentice Hall148
Smallwood, P.Olveczky, B.Williams, G.Jacobs, G. 2003 Genetically Engineered Mice with an Additional Class of Cone Photoreceptors: Implications for the Evolution of Color VisionProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 11706
Smith, C. 2005 Rewilding: Reintroductions could Reduce BiodiversityNature 437 318
Smith, D. S.Asche, F.Guttormsen, A. G.Wiener, J. B. 2010 Genetically Modified Salmon and Full Impact AssessmentScience 330 1052
Smith, T. B.Kark, S.Schneider, C. J.Wayne, R. K.Moritz, C. 2001 Biodiversity Hotspots and Beyond: The Need for Preserving Environmental TransitionsTrends in Ecology and Evolution 16 431
Smithsonian Institution 2001 www.si.edu/encyclopedia_Si/nmnh/passpig.htm
Sober, E. 1986 Philosophical Problems for EnvironmentalismNorton, B.The Preservation of SpeciesPrinceton University Press173
Sober, E.Wilson, D. S. 1998 Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish BehaviorCambridge, MAHarvard University Press
Sogge, M. K.Sferra, S. J.Paxton, E. H. 2008 Tamarix as Habitat for Birds: Implications for Riparian Restoration in the Southwestern United StatesRestoration Ecology 16 146
Sokal, R.Crovello, T. 1970 The Biological Species Concept: A Critical EvaluationAmerican Naturalist 104 127
Soulé, M. E. 1985 What is Conservation Biology?Bioscience 35 727
Southgate, C.Hunt, C.Horrell, D. 2008 Ascesis and Assisted Migration: Responses to the Effects of Climate Change on Animal SpeciesEuropean Journal of Science and Theology 4 99
Spratt, D.Sutton, P. 2008 Climate “Code Red”: The Case for Sustainability EmergencyMelbourne, AustraliaFriends of the Earth
Stamos, D. N. 2003 The Species ProblemLanham, MDLexington Books
Sterba, J. 1995 A Biocentrist Fights BackEnvironmental Ethics 17 361
Sterba, J. 2001 Three Challenges to Ethics: Environmentalism, Feminism, and MulticulturalismOxford University Press
Stern, N. 2006 The Stern Review of the Economics of Climate ChangeCambridge University Press
Stirling, I.Derocher, A. E. 2007 Melting Under Pressure: The Real Scoop on Climate Warming and Polar BearsThe Wildlife Professional 1 24
Stirling, I.Parkinson, C. L. 2006 Possible Effects of Climate Warming on Selected Populations of Polar Bears () in the Canadian ArcticArctic 59 261
Stirling, I.Lunn, N. J.Iacozza, J.Elliott, C.Obbard, M. 2004 Polar Bear Distribution and Abundance on the Southwestern Hudson Bay Coast during Open Water Season, in Relation to Population Trends and Annual Ice PatternsArctic 57 15
Stock, G. 2002 Redesigning HumansBoston, MAHoughton Mifflin Harcourt
Stone, C. 1972 Should Trees Have Standing?Southern California Law Review 45 450
Stone, R. 2010 Home Home Outside the RangeScience 329 1592
Strain, D. 2011 8.7 Million: A New Estimate for All the Complex Species on EarthScience 333 1083
Streiffer, R. 2003 In Defense of the Moral Relevance of Species BoundariesAmerican Journal of Bioethics 3 37
Streiffer, R. 2005 At the Edge of Humanity: Human Stem Cells, Chimera, and Moral StatusKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 15 347
Streiffer, R.Hedemann, T. 2005 The Political Import of Intrinsic Objections to Genetically Engineered FoodJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 18 191
Streiffer, R.Rubel, A. 2004 Democratic Principles and Mandatory Labeling of Genetically Engineered FoodsPublic Affairs Quarterly 18 223
Stringer, L. C.Dougill, A. J.Fraser, E.Hubacek, K. 2006 Unpacking ‘Participation’ in the Adaptive Management of Social–Ecological Systems: A Critical ReviewEcology and Society 11 39
Strong, A.Chisholm, S.Miller, C.Cullen, J. 2009 Ocean Fertilization: Time to Move OnNature 461 347
Sutherland, W. J.Clout, M.Cote, I. M.Daszak, P. 2010 A Horizon Scan of Global Conservation Issues for 2010Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25 1
Swenson, W.Wilson, D. S.Elias, R. 2000 Artificial Ecosystem SelectionProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 9110
Sylvan, R. 1973 Is There a Need for a New, an Environmental Ethic?Proceedings of the Fifteenth World Congress of Philosophy 1 205
Szostak Lab 2009 http://genetics.mgh.harvard.edu/szostakweb/index.html
Tan, D. P.Liu, Q. Y.Koshiya, N.Gu, H.Alkon, D. 2006 Enhancement of Long-Term Memory Retention and Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in cbl-b null MiceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 5125
Tan, J.Pu, Z.Ryberg, W. A.Jiang, L. 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11–1557.1
Tang, Y. P.Shimizu, J.Dube, G. R.Rampon, C. 1999 Genetic Enhancement of Learning and Memory in MiceNature 401 63
Taylor, P. 1986 Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental EthicsPrinceton University Press
Taylor, S. W.Carroll, A. L.Alfaro, R. I.Safranyik, L. 2006 Pine Beetle Outbreak Dynamics in Western CanadaSafranyik, L.Wilson, B.The Mountain Pine Beetle: A Synthesis of Biology, Management and Impacts on Lodgepole PineVictoriaNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service67
Thomas, C. D. 2011 Translocation of Species, Climate Change, and the End of Trying to Recreate Past Ecological CommunitiesTrends in Ecology and Evolution 26 216
Thomas, C. D.Cameron, A.Green, R. E.Bakkenes, M. 2004 Extinction Risk from Climate ChangeNature 427 145
Thompson, A. 2010 Radical Hope for Living Well in a Warmer WorldJournal of Agriculture and Environmental Ethics 23 43
Thompson, A.Bendik-Keymer, J. 2012 The Virtues of the Future: Climate Change and the Challenge of Restoring HumanityCambridge, MAMIT Press
Thompson, K.Davis, M. A. 2011 Why Research on Traits of Invasive Plants Tells us Very LittleTrends in Ecology and Evolution 26 155
Thompson, P. 2002 Why Food Biotechnology Needs an Opt OutBailey, B.Lappe, M.Engineering the Farm: Ethical and Social Aspects of Agricultural BiotechnologyWashington, DCIsland Press27
Thompson, P. 2008 The Opposite of Human Enhancement: Nanotechnology and the Blind Chicken ProblemNanoethics 2 305
Throop, W. 2012 Thompson, Bendik-Keymer, 47
Turnbaugh, P. J.Ley, R. E.Hamady, M.Fraser-Liggett, C. M. 2007 The Human Microbiome ProjectNature 449 804
Turner, W. R.Bradley, B. A.Estes, L. D.Hole, D. G. 2010 Climate Change: Helping Nature Survive the Human ResponseConservation Letters 3 304
Turner, W. R.Oppenheimer, M.Wilcove, D. S. 2009 A Force to Fight Global WarmingNature 462 278
United Nations 1992 www.unesco.org/education/information/nfsunesco/pdf/RIO_E.PDF
United Nations 1992 www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd-en.pdf
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) 2009 Climate Change Science Compendium 2009New YorkUNEP
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UNFAO) 2004 The State of Food and Agricultural Biotechnology: Meeting the Needs of the PoorFAO Agriculture Series No. 35RomeUNFAO
United States Climate Change Science Program 2008 Preliminary Review of Adaptation Options for Climate-Sensitive Ecosystems and ResourcesWashington, DCEnvironmental Protection Agencywww.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap4–4/final-report
United States Congress 1973
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2011 www.ers.usda.gov/Data/BiotechCrops
United States Energy Information Administration 2010 www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=environment_home
United States Global Change Research Program 2009 Global Climate Change Impacts in the United StatesKarl, T. R.Melillo, J. M.Peterson, T. C.New YorkCambridge University Press
United States Sentencing Commission, Steroids Working Group 2006 Steroid ReportWashington, DCUnited States Sentencing Commission
University of Chicago Medical Center 2007 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071019093241.htm
University of Michigan Health System 2008 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/04/080407195349.htm
Urban, M. C.Tewksbury, J. J.Sheldon, K. S. 2012 On a Collision Course: Competition and Dispersal Differences Create No-analog Communities and Cause Extinctions During Climate ChangeProceedings of the Royal Society B
van Kleunen, M.Dawson, W.Dostal, P. 2011 Research on Invasive-plant Traits Tells Us a LotTrends in Ecology and Evolution 26 317
van Valen, L. 1976 Ecological Species, Multispecies, and OaksTaxon 25 233
van Wensveen, L. 1999 Dirty VirtuesNew YorkHumanity Books
Varner, G. 1998 In Nature’s Interests? Interests, Animal Rights and Environmental EthicsNew YorkOxford University Press
Vatican, 2009 www.task-force.org/web/Vatican-PAS-Statement-FPT-PDF/PAS-Statement-English-FPT.pdf
Verhoog, H. 2003 Naturalness and the Genetic Modification of AnimalsTrends in Biotechnology 21 294
Verhoog, H.Matze, M.Lammerts van Bueren, E. T.Baars, T. 2003 The Role of the Concept of the Natural (Naturalness) in Organic FarmingJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 16 29
Vié, J-C.Hilton-Taylor, C.Stuart, S. N. 2009 Wildlife in a Changing World: An Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesGland, SwitzerlandIUCN
Vilà, M.Hulme, P. E. 2011 Jurassic Park? No ThanksTrends in Ecology and Evolution 26 496
Vince, G. 2011 Embracing InvasivesScience 331 1383
Vitt, P.Havens, K.Kramer, A. T.Sollenberger, D.Yates, E. 2010 Assisted Migration of Plants: Changes in Latitudes, Changes in AttitudesBiological Conservation 143 18
Vogel, S. 2002 Environmental Philosophy after the End of NatureEnvironmental Ethics 24 23
Wang, Y.Zhang, C.Yu, R. T.Cho, H. K. 2004 Regulation of Muscle Fiber Type and Running Endurance by PPAR8PLoS Biology 2 294
Wapner, P. 2010 Living Through the End of Nature: The Future of American EnvironmentalismCambridge, MAMIT Press
Watrud, L. S.Lee, E. H.Fairbrother, A.Burdick, C. 2004 Evidence for Landscape-Level, Pollen-Mediated Gene Flow from Genetically Modified Creeping Bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a MarkerProceedings of the National Academy of Science 101 14533
Webber, B. L.Scott, J. K.Didham, R. K. 2011 Translocation or Bust! A New Acclimatization Agenda for the 21st century?Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26 495
Wenz, P. 2005 Engineering Genetic InjusticeBioethics 19 1
Whitesides, G. 2001 www.ruf.rice.edu/~rau/phys600/whitesides.htm
Wigley, T. M. L. 2006 A Combined Mitigation/Geoengineering Approach to Climate StabilizationScience 314 452
Wilcove, D. S.Rothstein, D.Bubow, J.Phillips, A.Losos, E. 1998 Quantifying Threats to Imperiled Species in the United StatesBioscience 48 607
Wiley, E. O. 1978 The Evolutionary Species Concept ReconsideredSystematic Zoology 27 17
Williams, F.Eschen, R.Harris, A.Djeddour, D. 2010 http://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/nonnativespecies
Willis, S. G.Hill, J. K.Thomas, C. D.Roy, D. B. 2008 Assisted Colonization in a Changing Climate: A Test-Study Using Two UK ButterfliesConservation Letters 2 45
Wilson, D. S.Swenson, W. 2003 Community Genetics and Community SelectionEcology 84 586
Wilson, E. O. 1999 The Diversity of LifeNew YorkW. W. Norton
Wilson, J. 2007 Transhumanism and Moral EqualityBioethics 21 419
World Bank 2008 http://books.google.com/books?id=O67oDJW01pwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en
Worm, B.Barbier, E. B.Beaumont, N.Duffy, J. E. 2006 Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem ServicesScience 314 787
Wouters, A. 2005 The Function Debate in PhilosophyActa Biotheoretica 53 123
Yule, J. 2002 Cloning the Extinct: Restoration as Ecological ProsthesesCommon Ground 1 6
Zeebe, R. E.Archer, D. 2005 Feasibility of Ocean Fertilization and its Impact on Future Atmospheric CO2 LevelsGeophysical Research Letters 32
Zimmer, C. 2007 www.nytimes.com/2007/01/23/science/23migrate.html?pagewanted=1
Zimov, S. 2005 Pleistocene Park: Return of the Mammoth’s EcosystemScience 308 796

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.