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Intra-Community Variation in Diet during the Adoption of a New Staple Crop in the Eastern Woodlands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Fionnuala Rose
Fionnuala Rose*
Affiliation:
Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, c/o 16 Findon Ave., Saltdean, East Sussex BN2 8RF England, (f.rose@uclmail.net)
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Abstract

This study investigated intracommunity variation in diet during the introduction and adoption of a new staple crop (maize) into an indigenous horticultural system. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human bone collagen were analyzed from five sites in west-central Illinois, dating from the Middle Woodland to Mississippian periods, and the results contrasted with evidence from neighboring river valleys and the wider Eastern Woodlands area. Contrary to speculation, neither the initial adoption of maize nor subsequent intensification in its use were correlated with status, gender, or age. A striking bimodal distribution was observed in consumption of native and introduced crops; growing or eating small amounts of maize was apparently not practiced. Fluoride dating confirms the burials are contemporary, and the pattern persists over several hundred years. Possible explanations include issues related to the economics of maize growing, household requirements for storage, exchange, or levies, or individual taste. Also notable were earlier-than-expected dates for intensive exploitation of the maize in this area, in the early Late Woodland, possibly as early as A.D. 400. Nitrogen isotope ratios were higher for males at all sites and time periods; the cause may have been greater access to dietary protein, or could be the result of physiological differences.

Résumé

Résumé

El presente estudio investigó la variación en la dieta dentro de una comunidad durante la introducción y adopción de un nuevo alimento básico (el maíz) en un sistema hortícola indígena. Se analizaron isótopos de carbono y nitrógeno de colágeno óseo de cinco yacimientos en el centro y oeste de Illinois que datan de los periodos Middle Woodland al Mississippian, y los resultados fueron contrastados con pruebas provenientes de los valles fluviales cercanos y el área general de Eastern Woodlands. Al contrario de lo que se especuló, ni la adopción inicial del maíz ni la posterior intensificación de su uso presentan correlación alguna con el estatus, el sexo o la edad. Se estableció una clara distribución bimodal en el consumo de alimentos locales y de introducción posterior; no parece que tuviera lugar el cultivo y consumo de pequeñas cantidades de maíz. Los análisis con fluoruro confirman que los entierros son contemporáneos, y la tendencia se extiende a lo largo varios siglos. Algunas explicaciones posibles incluyen aspectos relacionados con la economía del cultivo de maíz, los requerimientos para el almacenaje doméstico, el intercambio o los impuestos, o los gustos particulares. También destacan las fechas del cultivo intensivo del maíz en esta zona, que son más tempranas de lo esperado, de principios del Woodland tardío, posiblemente incluso en el año 400 dc. La proporciones de isótopo de nitrógeno son más altas en los hombres en todos los yacimientos y períodos, y la causa podría ser un mejer acceso de éstos a la proteína en la dieta, o bien como resultado de diferencias fisiológicas.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 73 , Issue 3 , July 2008 , pp. 413 - 439
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2008

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