The Gm(1), Gm(2), Gm(4), Gm(12), and Inv(1) factors were studied in the sera of 56 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and 26 from various rheumatic diseases, by the hemagglutination inhibition test, using optimally reacting mixtures of Ragg and Nagg sera. The distribution of these factors was found to agree with that of healthy Greeks. No correlation was found between hypergammaglobulinemia and the discovery of the Gm(1) and Inv(1) factors. The presence of the rheumatoid factor was independent of the Gm and Inv phenotypes.

Red cell acid phosphatase polymorphism was studied by starch gel electrophoresis in 70 b-thalassemia patients and in 310 healthy Greeks. Our results gave the following gene frequencies: b-thalassemia patients: pa 0.321, pb 0.643, pc 0.036; healthy Greeks: pa 0.302, pb 0.653, pc 0.045. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups.

ABO blood groups, secretor factor, Rh-factor, and PTC taste ability have been examined in 360 individuals of Bahawalpuri population of Patiala. B and O blood groups are more frequent (44.46 % & 31.36% respectively). Frequency of secretors (84.72%) outweighs that of nonsecretors (15.28%). All the individuals have been found to belong to Rh + ve type. High incidence of non tasters (55.55%) has been seen. Genes r, Se, D, and t are found to be most frequent in the population.

Mid-phalangeal hair, hand clasping and handedness have been examined in 425 adult subjects from two endogamous groups of Patiala, Hindu Khatris (230) and Baniyas (195). In a majority of subjects (53.73 % in males and 46.35% in females) mid-phalangeal hair appears to be completely absent. The highest frequency of this trait is found in the combination III-IV and, when considering individual digits, on IV (around 50%). As for hand clasping, R-type appears to be more frequent in Khatris and L-type in Baniyas. Right handedness appears to be by large more frequent in both groups and sexes.

The incidence of twinning in India, as estimated on the basis of data from the various types of maternity centers, so as to include both urban and rural population, appears to be 15.97 per thousand (12.6 DZ, 3.3 MZ). The incidence is significantly higher in rural than urban populations (18.1 vs. 11.8 per thousand). It is suggested that this may be accompanied with a higher production of DZ, possibly opposite-sexed twins.

This paper discusses briefly some problems involved in zygosity determination in triplets, such as the calculations of the probability of the three zygosity types, as well as the use of serological and other anthropological characters.