Continuing the lines laid down in 1906, the campaign of 1907 was confined entirely to the site of Sparta itself. Our thanks must again be expressed to the Hellenic Government and the Ephor-General of Antiquities for their continuous support. This year we have especially to mention the enlargement of the Sparta Museum. The number of our finds had made this necessary, as the two rooms and entrance-hall of the old Museum were quite full when our work began. Two rooms have now been added to the right and left of the old building, doubling its original capacity. These rooms we have found most useful for purposes of study, and for arranging and repairing the finds, and we are especially grateful for the speed with which this improvement has been carried out.

One object of the excavations of 1907 was to attempt to determine the course of the city wall, so as to fix the limits within which the buildings mentioned by Pausanias were probably situated. In addition to the part traced by excavation in 1906 along the river bank (General Plan, O 15, 14, P 13, (Pl. I.)) I had observed in other places remains of Greek masonry and other indications which possibly belonged to the city wall. These were accordingly examined by excavation, and with the results thus obtained and the assistance of the stamped tiles which were found in great numbers at one or two points, it has been possible to determine approximately the line of the city wall, and consequently the extent of ancient Sparta.

As was expected, the excavations of 1907 yielded even more stamped tiles than the first campaign. They were found in quantities all along the line of the city wall, especially at Klaraki, and on the south-eastern hill (General Plan, L 19). The sanctuaries of Athena Chalkioikos and Artemis Orthia also produced a great many. The total number approaches five hundred. Many of these give us entirely new and interesting inscriptions, and others help to correct and complete the reading of imperfect specimens found before. For the sake of convenience the numbering of the types given in last year's report has been followed and extended. As this report is a continuation of the previous one, I have not thought it necessary to repeat all the comparisons with tile stamps from other sites which are there referred to.

The continuation of the work at the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia was the main objective of the season's campaign, and on it the greater part of our money and time were expended. Work was carried on continuously from the beginning of the season on March 18th to its close on May 31st, with the exception of the three weeks from April 5th to 25th, when the Director, who was in charge throughout, was absent at Athens. The number of men employed varied from about fifty to as few as twenty-five or thirty at the end of the season, when the work consisted mostly of slow digging with knives, at which it was not possible to employ more than a very limited number.

The bronze objects found at the temple of Artemis Orthia and (some few) on the Acropolis, by the site of the Chalkioikos, are interesting, perhaps not so much in themselves, as because the well stratified mass of pottery in which they lay gives at last fairly certain evidence for their chronological classification. Unfortunately they are in very bad condition.

The earliest pottery yet discovered by the excavations at Sparta is of the Geometric (post-Mycenaean) style.

In 1906 a thick deposit of this ware was revealed by the trial trenches at the site of the temple of Artemis Orthia, and it was also found in the trial pits at the Heroön by the river bank. In 1907 the further excavations at the Orthia site produced a sufficient quantity to allow of a definite report on the nature of this style in Laconia: a task which has been greatly helped by the discovery of a fresh deposit of the pottery on the Acropolis by the site of the Chalkioikos.

Suidas, under the heading Χαλκίοικος explains as follows: ‘The Athena in Sparta; either because she has a brazen house; or on account of her (its?) stability; or because it was founded by Chalcidian exiles from Euboea.’ Hesychius adds as synonyms Χαλκηδάνη, Χαλκίναος In Euripides we find Χαλκόπυλος as an epithet of the goddess. These variants are in themselves sufficient to contradict Suidas' two alternatives. The noteworthy feature about the sanctuary was its bronze decoration, and thus the name is descriptive of the sanctuary rather than of the goddess. It is not a cult-name, and represents no religious aspect of the goddess; in fact there is good reason to suppose that it is not even the original name of the sanctuary that crowned the Acropolis of Sparta, but one acquired at a subsequent restoration.

Between the Acropolis hill of Sparta and the northern limits of the modern town lies a stretch of level ground, the greater part of which is covered with olive trees. In the middle of this area (General Plan, K 14 and 15) are a series of four tombs, of which two found undisturbed and one empty belong to the Hellenistic age, while one, now unfortunately almost totally destroyed, appears to have had a greater antiquity. This line of tombs lies along the southern limit of what we suppose to be the site of the Agora, and is thus in the heart of the ancient town. The conspicuous ancient building known as the Tomb of Leonidas lies a short distance away, and the discovery of tombs so close to it, and of a form not greatly dissimilar, opens once more the question of its purpose.

Pausanias in his description of Laconia noted two sanctuaries within a short distance of Sparta on the road to Arcadia and Megalopolis The modern bridle-track leading in the same direction past the villages of Kastaniá and Leondári crosses the Acropolis hill, and emerges into the plain of the Eurotas about a quarter of a mile from the iron bridge on the Sparta-Tripolis high road; it then passes between a shoulder of the hill Análipsis and the vineyards on the right bank of the river. We may assume that the ancient road followed the same course, at any rate for some miles from Sparta, since any other direction would entangle it in the network of low hills and torrent-beds stretching from the river to Taygetus itself.

The beginning of Damonon's votive slab, which was found by Leake in the Monastery of the Holy Forty ("Αγιοι Τεσσαράκοντα or Σαράντα) and is now in the Sparta Museum, is one of the best known and oftenest discussed of early Laconian inscriptions.

The following are the chief references. Leake, Travels in the Morea, ii. 521 and Plate 71 (end of vol. iii.). A better copy, Dressel and Milchhöfer, Ath. Mitt. ii. 318. Facsimile in Roehl, I.G.A. 79 and Imagines2x. n. 16, p. 28 ; Fick, Bezz. Beiträdge, iii. 121 ff.; Collitz-Bechtel, iii. 4416 ; Roberts, Introd. to Gk. Epigr. i. n. 264 ; Tod, Sparta Mus. Cat. n. 440. (Other references, none of them of much importance, are given by Tod and Roehl, ll. c.)

I Propose here to discuss briefly the topography of the triangular district which is bounded on the west by the range of Taygetus, on the east by the sea from the mouth of the Eurotas to the Bay of Skutari, and on the north by an imaginary line drawn from the mouth of the Eurotas due west to Taygetus.

Writing in the year 1817 Sir William Gell says: ‘The southern district of Maina has never been thoroughly explored by any English traveller except Leake.’ After nearly a century has elapsed this remark is still practically true. Pouqueville, Boblaye, and Le Bas have, among others, given us accounts of their travels in French. German research is represented by such names as Bursian, Curtius, Weil and Philippson, but with a single exception no account of the district has appeared in English since Leake's. The work in question was published in 1869, and is an edition of a selection from the diary kept by Lord Carnarvon on his travels in Maina and other parts of Greece, in the year 1839. References to archaeology are, however, few and far between in its pages, and it does not profess to aim at completeness, since Lord Carnarvon, who penetrated, it is true, as far as Taenarum, returned, as he went, by the track on the west coast, leaving the east coast of the peninsula unvisited.

The Castle of Karytaena built by Hugues Bruyères de Champagne and his son Geoffrey in 1254. The Barony was one of the twelve original fiefs of the Morea, and from its position, guarding the fertile plain of Megalopolis against the inroads of the wild highlanders of Skortá, the castle must have been of the greatest importance. By the year 1278 the family of Bruyères was extinct in the male line and the Barony had passed to the house of Brienne. In the will of the Princess Isabelle of Achaia, in 1311, the castle of Karytaena, along with Beauvoir and Beauregard in Elis, is assigned as dowry to her younger daughter Marguerite; it was, however, captured by the Greeks in 1320. After Mohammed II.'s invasion of the Morea in 1458 we find Karytaena included in the list of towns which opened their gates to the Venetians under Bertholdo d' Este. There still remains, built into the wall of the Panagia, a Sicilian coat of arms of the seventeenth century (Plate VIII.). The fortress was garrisoned by the Turks and later was held by Kolokotrones in the War of Independence.

The following notes are the results of several journeys in the district between Brusa and Mihallitch, which, in spite of its accessibility, is archaeologically ill known.

they deal with:—

1. The Byzantine Churches of Triglia and Syge.

2. The Byzantine fortresses: Caesarea Germanice, Katoikia, Koubouklia.

3. Besbicus-Kalolimno.

4. Inscriptions.

Theotokou lies at the south-eastern corner of the Magnesian peninsula, a little to the north of the bay of Kato Georgi. The site itself is the seaward end of a narrow valley, where a small brook discharges into a little cove just to the north of a hill called Kastro (Fig. 1). Here there stands a small chapel built in 1807, and dedicated to the Virgin. In the walls of the chapel itself are several ancient blocks, and north and south of it traces of walls are visible. Immediately to the west is a large mass of ruins formerly covered with brushwood; round these stand six fragments of Doric columns, and a seventh lies in a cornfield some distance to the west: an eighth, which was seen here, has disappeared. This place, the traditional site of Sepias, was first visited by a local gentleman, Theódoros Zirghános.

The following inscription, which was found in the Peiraeus, was acquired by the British Museum in 1906. My warmest thanks are due to Dr. Cecil Smith, Head of the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, for his kindness in giving me permission to publish it and supplying me with a copy and squeeze which have greatly facilitated the task.

To some additional notes on this series I have appended the accounts of Chios given in the three unpublished Isolarii, as samples of their style and scope. Chios is chosen as being the native island of Lupaz-zolo, the most important of the three authors.

The early strife between Christianity and Paganism has recently been reflected in a prolix discussion of Survivals. The Church is accused of sheltering Paganism in her rites and tenets by disguising beathen practices and beliefs under Christian forms, while the vindicators of an independent Christianity reject as false or inadequate the analogies drawn in support of this accusation. The aim of the present paper is to examine one section of these analogies, that is, those which are founded on resemblances between the names of saints and of pagan deities.

Our information as to Damophon's work at Lycosura is derived partly from Pausanias, and partly from the actual remains of the group. All the existing fragments have now been collected together in the newly-erected museum at Lycosura, and the gratitude of archaeologists is due to the Greek Archaeological Society, and to Dr. Kavvadias, the Ephor-General of Antiquities, for the opportunity thus afforded of seeing all the fragments together under one roof. During the last summer M. Kaloudes has added to his many services in the cause of Greek archaeology the partial restoration of two of the colossal members of the group, under the direction of Dr. Kourouniotis, Ephor of Antiquities for the Western Peloponnese. I am personally indebted to the Greek authorities for the opportunity of studying the fragments before, during, and since this restoration, and of publishing the results of my observations.