Skip to main content

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
Cancel
×
×
Home
  • Home
Article
  • Access

Wildlife conservation, labor supply and time values in rural Botswana

  • Douglas M. Larson (a1), Elizabeth F. Pienaar (a2) and Lovell S. Jarvis (a3)
Abstract

To improve wildlife conservation incentives in community-based natural resource management programs, a better understanding of rural communities' willingness to engage in wildlife conservation jobs is needed. We implement a discrete choice model explaining reservation wages for nine conservation jobs using contingent behavior data from rural Botswana residents. We present a model in which the conditional indirect utility function incorporates a more general value of time than has previously been used, and this specification outperforms the standard model. Sample estimates indicate that reservation wages are modestly higher for women than for men, and that residents have higher reservation wages for jobs requiring more exertion or involving more danger.

  • View HTML
      • Send article to Kindle

      To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle.

      Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

      Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

      Wildlife conservation, labor supply and time values in rural Botswana
      Available formats
      ×
      Send article to Dropbox

      To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox.

      Wildlife conservation, labor supply and time values in rural Botswana
      Available formats
      ×
      Send article to Google Drive

      To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive.

      Wildlife conservation, labor supply and time values in rural Botswana
      Available formats
      ×
Copyright
COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 2015 
References
Hide All
Akaike, H. (1974), ‘A new look at the statistical model identification’, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 19: 716–723.
Alberini, A. (1995), ‘Optimal designs for discrete choice contingent valuation surveys: single-bound, double-bound and bivariate models’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28: 187–306.
Becker, G.S. (1965), ‘A theory of the allocation of time’, Economic Journal 75: 493–517.
Bockstael, N.E., Strand, I.E., and Hanemann, W.M. (1987), ‘Time and the recreational demand model’, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 69: 293–302.
Borgerhoff Mulder, M., and Coppolillo, P. (2005), Conservation: Linking Ecology, Economics, and Culture, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Burnham, K.P. and Anderson, D.R. (2002), Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach, 2nd edn New York: Springer-Verlag.
Burnham, K.P. and Anderson, D.R. (2004), ‘Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection’, Sociological Methods and Research 33: 261–304.
DeSerpa, A.C. (1971), ‘A theory of the economics of time’, Economic Journal 81: 828–846.
Freeman, A.M. (2003), The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values, Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
Government of Botswana (2012), Employment Chapter 47:01, Gaborone, Botswana: Government of Botswana, [Available at] http://www.gov.bw/Global/IC/Employment%20Act%20Chapter%204701.pdf
Gronau, R. (1973), ‘The intrafamily allocation of time: the value of the housewives’ time', American Economic Review 63: 634–651.
Haller, T., Galvin, M., Meroka, P., Alca, J., and Alvarez, A. (2008), ‘Who gains from community conservation? Intended and unintended costs and benefits of participative approaches in Peru and Tanzania’, Journal of Environment and Development 17: 118–144.
Hanley, N., and Barbier, E.B. (2009), Pricing Nature: Cost-Benefit Analysis and Environmental Policy, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Heckman, J. (1974), ‘Shadow prices, market wages, and labor supply’, Econometrica 42: 679–694.
Hoehn, J.P. and Randall, A. (1987), ‘A satisfactory benefit cost indicator from contingent valuation’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 14: 226–247.
Jacoby, H. (1993), ‘Shadow wages and peasant family labor supply: an econometric application to the Peruvian Sierra’, Review of Economic Studies 60: 903–922.
Jara-Díaz, S.R. and Guevara, C.A. (2003), ‘Behind the subjective value of travel time savings: the perception of work, leisure, and travel from a joint mode choice activity model’, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 37: 29–46.
Knetsch, J.L. (1964), ‘Economics of including recreation as a purpose of eastern water projects’, Journal of Farm Economics 46: 1148–1157.
Larson, D.M. and Shaikh, S.L. (2004), ‘Recreation demand choices and revealed values of leisure time’, Economic Inquiry 42: 264–278.
Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism (2007), Community Based Natural Resources Management Policy, Government Paper No. 2, Republic of Botswana, Gaborone.
Osborn, F.V. and Hill, C.M. (2005), ‘Techniques to reduce crop loss: human and technical dimensions in Africa’, In Woodroffe, R., Thirgood, S. and Rabinowitz, A. (eds), People and Wildlife: Conflict or Coexistence?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 72–85.
Pienaar, E.F., Jarvis, L.S., and Larson, D.M. (2013), ‘Creating direct incentives for wildlife conservation in community-based natural resource management programmes in Botswana’, Journal of Development Studies 49: 315–333.
Quigley, H. and Herrero, S. (2005), ‘Characterization and prevention of attacks on humans’, in Woodroffe, R., Thirgood, S., and Rabinowitz, A. (eds), People and Wildlife: Conflict or Coexistence?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 28–45.
Saum, R. (2010), ‘Promise and reality of community based natural resource management in Botswana: common-pool resource use and institutional change in Ikoga, Okavango Delta (panhandle)’, in Haller, T. (ed.), Disputing the Floodplains: Institutional Change and the Politics of Resource Management in African Wetlands, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, pp. 361–412.
Schuster, B. (2007), Proceedings of the 4th National CBNRM Conference in Botswana, 20th–23rd November 2006 and the CBNRM Status Report 2006, Gaborone: Bay Publishing.
Schwarz, G. (1978), ‘Estimating the dimension of a model’, Annals of Statistics 6: 461–464.
Singh, I.J., Squire, L., and Strauss, J. (eds) (1986), Agricultural Household Models: Extensions, Applications and Policy, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Skoufias, E. (1994), ‘Using shadow wages to estimate labor supply of agricultural households’, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 76: 215–227.
Thirgood, S., Woodroffe, R., and Rabinowitz, A. (2005), ‘The impact of human–wildlife conflict on human lives and livelihoods’, in Woodroffe, R., Thirgood, S. and Rabinowitz, A. (eds), People and Wildlife: Conflict or Coexistence?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–26.
Weber, C.E. (2005), ‘Diminishing marginal value of income without apology’, Oxford Economic Papers 57: 586–609.
Whittington, D. (1998), ‘Administering contingent valuation surveys in developing countries’, World Development 26: 21–30.
Whittington, D. (2010), ‘What have we learned from 20 years of stated preference research in less-developed countries?’, Annual Review of Resource Economics 2: 209–236.
Recommend this journal

Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.

Environment and Development Economics
  • ISSN: 1355-770X
  • EISSN: 1469-4395
  • URL: /core/journals/environment-and-development-economics
Please enter your name
Please enter a valid email address
Who would you like to send this to? *

CAPTCHA *

Skip to the audio challenge
×

Metrics

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 3
Total number of PDF views: 48 *
Loading metrics...

Abstract views

Total abstract views: 333 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between September 2016 - 23rd April 2018. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Cancel
Confirm
×