Clozapine is the least likely anti-psychotic to induce extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). We present a surprising case of a woman schizophrenic patient treated with clozapine suffering from EPS. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed a low density of presynaptic dopamine transporters in our patient's brain. A comorbid diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in schizophrenia was confirmed in this way. This helped us to find a proper therapeutic strategy for our patient.

A female patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffered from an acute psychotic disorder after taking distigmine bromide for detrusor dysfunction. She showed a dramatic relief of her symptoms after the medication, distigmine bromide, was stopped. Distigmine is not supposed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, in MS patients a leakage of the BBB could be hypothesized.

The author investigated the differences between schizophrenia patients with and without a major depressive episode (MDE) using the Japanese Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenics. The total depression score was correlated with the dosage of antipsychotics in patients without an MDE, but such a correlation was not found in patients with an MDE.

A single case of a patient suffering from a first psychotic episode and the differential diagnoses between affective and psychosis is performed throughout the combined use of peripheral serotonergic markers and clinical psychopathological scales during a 6-months follow-up. The results suggest the need of performing further studies combining biological and clinical markers of psychiatric disorders.

In the present open prospective study the effects of quetiapine were investigated in two elderly patients with parkinsonism and psychosis. Treatment induced a marked antipsychotic effect that coincided with an improvement of general motor functioning. These findings support the idea that quetiapine may be preferentially of use in the elderly with parkinson’s disease and psychotic symptoms.

Clozapine is indicated for the treatment of patients intolerant of conventional antipsychotic agents. It is often used to treat those patients who have developed movement disorders while on conventional antipsychotics. We report three cases of dyskinesia associated with clozapine induction. We suggest a mechanism that might explain an underlying dopaminergic hypersensitivity during this transitional period. Further, we identify groups that might be at high risk of developing dyskinesia and suggest strategies to reduce risk especially in these groups.

The aim is to study motives and factors associated with treatment drop-out in an ambulatory psychiatric service, which integrates medical, social, familial and rehabilitation treatments. Only 9% of the psychotic patients dropped out, whose motives were non-compliance with medication and unawareness of illness, and the associated factors were comorbidity of substance abuse, social isolation and male gender.

Tuberculosis (TB) increasingly appears in a multidrug-resistant form (MDR-TB) in Europe, too. Treatment remains difficult due to various side effects of the multi-drug-regimens. Ciprofloxacin is widely used as one of the few TB-second-line drugs. We report on the course of a ciprofloxacin-induced acute psychosis in a patient with MDR(isoniazid, streptomycin)-TB which resolved after cessation of ciprofloxacin treatment and introduction of a novel oxazolidone. Careful treatment considerations particularly in patients with additional predisposing factors to neuropsychiatric symptoms are recommended in the potentially dangerous MDR-TB, thus creating an enormous therapeutic challenge.

There is some evidence that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be effective in treating depression. Using an intensive methodology of rTMS in two drug-resistant patients, we observed a good antidepressant effect, but also, induction of manic symptoms.