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Gyrotactic swimmer dispersion in pipe flow: testing the theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2017

Ottavio A. Croze Open the ORCID record for Ottavio A. Croze [Opens in a new window] ,
Rachel N. Bearon  and
Martin A. Bees
Ottavio A. Croze*
Affiliation:
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
Rachel N. Bearon
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
Martin A. Bees
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: oac24@cam.ac.uk
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Abstract

Suspensions of microswimmers are a rich source of fascinating new fluid mechanics. Recently we predicted the active pipe flow dispersion of gyrotactic microalgae, whose orientation is biased by gravity and flow shear. Analytical theory predicts that these active swimmers disperse in a markedly distinct manner from passive tracers (Taylor dispersion). Dispersing swimmers display non-zero drift and effective diffusivity that is non-monotonic with Péclet number. Such predictions agree with numerical simulations, but hitherto have not been tested experimentally. Here, to facilitate comparison, we obtain new solutions of the axial dispersion theory accounting both for swimmer negative buoyancy and a local nonlinear response of swimmers to shear, provided by two alternative microscopic stochastic descriptions. We obtain new predictions for suspensions of the model swimming alga Dunaliella salina, whose motility and buoyant mass we parametrise using tracking video microscopy. We then present a new experimental method to measure gyrotactic dispersion using fluorescently stained D. salina and provide a preliminary comparison with predictions of a non-zero drift above the mean flow for each microscopic stochastic description. Finally, we propose further experiments for a full experimental characterisation of gyrotactic dispersion measures and discuss the implications of our results for algal dispersion in industrial photobioreactors.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Biological Fluid Dynamics Biological Fluid Dynamics: Micro-organism dynamics Biological Fluid Dynamics: Swimming/flying

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Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 816 , 10 April 2017 , pp. 481 - 506
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© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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