Viktorocara torea and Sciadiocara tarapunga n. spp. are described from specimens from the gizzards of Haematopus ostralegus finschi and Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus respectively. All hosts were collected in the South Island, New Zealand. V. torea is characterised by the possession of the doubly bifid apices to the long spicule and absence of a subterminal spicular spur; presence of six preanal papillae, the first and second widely spaced: the muscular region of the oesophagus constituting about one quarter of the total length of the oesophagus. S. tarapunga is similar to S. umbellifera, but differs in having the muscular region of the oesophagus shorter than the glandular region, a more slender body in both sexes, much smaller spicules (78–91 μm and 275–359 μm) with the right spicule not more than one-third as long as the left one. The long spicule bears a pair of similar, rounded, laterally placed spatulate apices. It is suggested that Sciadiocara umbellifera of previous authors may encompass more than one species.

Mathevotaenia paraguayae sp. n. is described from Euphractus sexcinctus. It differs from M. didelphidis (Rud.) in having a transverse cirrus pouch anterior to the vagina. Monoecocestus mackiewiczi sp. n. was found in Phyllotis sp. It differs from M. parcitesticulatus Rego in having a much smaller scolex, a poral ovary, and a cirrus pouch 360 to 440 μm long. Other species reported are Taenia macrocystis, Taenia omissa, Spirometra mansonoides, Spirometra gracilis, Spirometra longicollis, Diphyllobothrium trinitatis, Atriotaenia parva, and Mathevotaenia tetragonocephala.

Enenterum elsti sp. nov. and E. prudhoei sp. nov. are described from the intestine of Neoscorpis lithophilus off Mapelane, Natal, South Africa. These species differ from others of the genus Enenterum in the ratio of the oral sucker to body-length and in the length of the prepharynx. E. elsti differs from. E. prudhoei in size, in sucker-ratio and in the number and configuration of the oral lobes. A key to the species of Enenterum is presented and the status of the genus briefly discussed.

Only three of the four species assigned to the genus Cooperioides are considered valid and are redescribed. The fourth species Cooperioides kenyensis Daubney, 1933 is considered a synonym of Cooperioides hamiltoni (Mönnig, 1932) Mönnig, 1933. A key to the species of the genus is given and their hosts and geographical localities are listed.

The life history of Allocreadium fasciatusi which occurs in the intestine of a freshwater fish Aplocheilus melastigma has been worked out in detail. The snail Amnicola travancorica acts as the first intermediate host. The miracidium hatching out from the eggs attacks the snail and passes through two generations of rediae. Cercariae are of ophthalmoxiphidiocercous type with very long tail and are identical to Cercariae Indicae XLIX Sewell, 1922. The cercariae penetrate and develop into metacercariae in the haemecoel of the copepods Mesocyclops leuckarti, Microcyclops varicans and Marcocyclops distructus. Upon ingestion by the definitive host, the metacercariae excyst and develop into adults. All the stages in the life cycle are described and the life cycle is compared with other allocreadiid life cycles. The original description of A. fasciatusi is revised and Psilostomum chilkai Chatterji, 1956 from Lates calcalifer is synonymized with it.

Dioctowittus denisoniae n. sp. from Denisonia punctata differs from D. wittei and D. chabaudi in the smaller size, lack of vestigeal male precloacal sucker, short egg-filaments, the presence of lateral expansions at the posterior end in the male, and in the expansions of the oesophageal tissue between the stichocytes. Dioctowittus sp. from Liasis amethystinus differs from the three described species in the possession of lateral lobes at both extremities.

Allohymenolepis palawanensis sp. n. from a yellow-breasted sunbird, Nectarinia jugularis, in Palawan, Republic of the Philippines, is characterized by possessing a sucker diameter of 52–56 μm, a scolex of 120 × 157–166 μm, ovary 25–40 × 71–90 μm, and a vitelline gland of 17–25μm

Thirty-eight spotted ground squirrels, Spermophilus spilosoma were examined for endoparasites, and 31 of them were infected with one or more species. Helminths found were Hymenolepis citelli, Citellina triradiata, Physaloptera massino, and Trichuris sp. The protozoan Eimeria larimerensis was also found. Citellina triradiata is redescribed. This is the first report of any helminths from this squirrel.

A study was made on the host-finding capacity of Fasciola hepatica miracidia in relation to time, number of miracidia per snail, and several physico-chemical environmental factors. Specimens of Lymnaea truncatula were exposed to radiolabelled miracidia and the subsequent snail-bound radioactivity was used to measure the host-finding capacity of the larvae.

Maximum snail-bound radioactivity was achieved after 45–60 minutes exposure to miracidia in a volume of 80 ml water. The efficiency of the snail-location was unaltered up to a volume of 4.5 liters. A linear proportionality was demonstrated between the number of miracidia and the amount of radioactivity obtained in exposed snails. After 4 hours exposure snails placed in darkness took up the same amount of radioactivity as snails placed in bright illumination. Additional experiments showed that miracidia preferentially scan the lighted zone of a given environment, but if no snails are available in this zone, snails in shade are also effectively located.

The host-finding capacity was unaltered up to a salinity level of 3.79%. At 4.74% and 5.68% the snail-location proceeded at a slower rate, but the final levels reached after 3 hours were comparable to that obtained at low salinity. The over-all host-finding capacity was reduced at a salinity level of 7.58% and at 9.47% the capacity had ceased. The host-finding capacity was unaltered in the pH range 5.4 to 8.4, but it was reduced at pH 8.9. Further studies showed that the host-finding capacity was clearly inhibited in water with a high turbidity level.

Polyonchobothrium scleropagis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) is described as a new species from the Australian osteoglossid fish Scleropages leichardti Günther.

A new genus of nematode (Paratrichosoma crocodilus) is described from Crocodilus novaeguinae. Adults have typical trichuroid features but elongated stichocytes (over 1 mm in female). Males are one third to one half as long as females and have no spicule or sheath.

The scanning and infective capacity of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium miracidia were tested under limited exposure times in small volumes of water, and under increasing mutual dispersion in vessels of different sizes also over increasing horizontal distances, and under different flow rates of water. It was found that the miracidia of both species retained their infective capacity for up to 1 hour in the presence of susceptible snails. The infection rates decreased with decreasing miracidial densities but was still over 50% at 0.4–0.8 miracidia per litre. Both species of miracidia produced high (36–44%) infection rates in host snails situated at a distance of 5 m and equally high infection rates (39–40%) in snails placed in water flowing at a rate of 12–15 cm/sec.

The application of any of these physical factors in the control of schistosomiasis is discussed.

Phaneropsolus aspinosus sp. n. is described from the leaf monkey Macaca fascicularis in central Pahang, West Malaysia. Morphological characteristics are compared with both the subgenera Phaneropsolus and Primatotrema.

The amphistome Cotylophoron cotylophorum feeds entirely on semidigested rumenal contents (plant material living bacteria, and protozoa). Morphological and histochemical studies have been made of the digestive system. Two types of cells occur in the caecal epithelium, the first type were larger and cuboidal with granular cytoplasm containing a high amount of RNA and proteins. The second smaller type were fewer, and contained pyknotic nuclei; their cytoplasm was vacuolated. The cells of the first type bear microvilli at the luminal surface. The surface coat consists of saliva resistant acetylated acid mucopolysaccharides containing hyaluronic acid with carboxyl polyanions. Intense activities of acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and ATPase, and moderate activities of nonspecific esterase and lipase are localized at the brush border. The functional significance of the surface carbohydrates and the hydrolytic enzymes has been discussed in relation to digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Oesophagostomum multifoliatum, previously known to occur only in Kenya, Rhodesia and Tanzania, was found on the Jos Plateau of Nigeria in cattle. Of the 120 cattle examined post-mortem, 78 (65%), were found to be infected. The faecal egg, of which only the size was hitherto known, is described and figured; it shows striking similarities to that of Nematodirus. The possibility is expressed that O. muitifoliatum might have been mistaken for the more familiar but closely related species O. radiatum and O. columbianum or its egg with that of Nematodirus; it is probable that it is much more widespread than hitherto thought.

Histochemical observations have been made on the localization and distribution pattern of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in the lymphatic system of Ceylonocotyle scoliocoelium by employing tetrazolium nitro BT. The enzyme activity appeared in the form of diformazon granules which are believed to consist of mitochondrial aggregates. It is further suggested that this enzyme helps in the transportation of the metabolites. This is the first report of SDH in the lymph channels involving transportation.

Stibocaptate (Astiban, Hoffman - La Roche) killed third stage larvae of Brugia pahangi in vitro at 50 p.p.m. but had no effect on microfilariae at 1 × 104 p.p.m. No larvae developed in infected mosquitoes fed 1% stibocaptate in 10% sucrose. It was neither micro-nor macrofilaricidal in neither jirds or cats but did affect embryogenesis.