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Murat, A. Méar, Y. Poizot, E. Dauvin, J.C. and Beryouni, K. 2016. Silting up and development of anoxic conditions enhanced by high abundance of the geoengineer species Ophiothrix fragilis. Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 118, p. 11.
Reid, Mhairi Bordy, Emese M. and Taylor, Wendy 2015. Taphonomy and sedimentology of an echinoderm obrution bed in the Lower Devonian Voorstehoek Formation (Bokkeveld Group, Cape Supergroup) of South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 110, p. 135.
Dauvin, Jean-Claude Méar, Yann Murat, Anne Poizot, Emmanuel Lozach, Sophie and Beryouni, Khadija 2013. Interactions between aggregations and environmental factors explain spatio-temporal patterns of the brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis in the eastern Bay of Seine. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 131, p. 171.
Pérez-Portela, Rocío Almada, Vitor and Turon, Xavier 2013. Cryptic speciation and genetic structure of widely distributed brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) in Europe. Zoologica Scripta, Vol. 42, Issue. 2, p. 151.
White, Brittny A. McClintock, James Amsler, Charles D. Mah, Christopher L. Amsler, Margaret O. White, Stephanie Quetin, Langdon B. and Ross, Robin M. 2012. The abundance and distribution of echinoderms in nearshore hard-bottom habitats near Anvers Island, western Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctic Science, Vol. 24, Issue. 06, p. 554.
Lozach, Sophie Dauvin, Jean-Claude Méar, Yann Murat, Anne Davoult, Dominique and Migné, Aline 2011. Sampling epifauna, a necessity for a better assessment of benthic ecosystem functioning: An example of the epibenthic aggregated species Ophiothrix fragilis from the Bay of Seine. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 62, Issue. 12, p. 2753.
Boos, Karin Gutow, Lars Mundry, Roger and Franke, Heinz-Dieter 2010. Sediment preference and burrowing behaviour in the sympatric brittlestars Ophiura albida Forbes, 1839 and Ophiura ophiura (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 393, Issue. 1-2, p. 176.
Lebrato, Mario Iglesias-Rodríguez, Debora Feely, Richard A. Greeley, Dana Jones, Daniel O. B. Suarez-Bosche, Nadia Lampitt, Richard S. Cartes, Joan E. Green, Darryl R. H. and Alker, Belinda 2010. Global contribution of echinoderms to the marine carbon cycle: CaCO3budget and benthic compartments. Ecological Monographs, Vol. 80, Issue. 3, p. 441.
MARTÍNEZ, SERGIO DEL RÍO, CLAUDIA J. and PÉREZ, DAMIÁN E. 2010. A brittle star bed from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Lethaia, Vol. 43, Issue. 1, p. 1.
IYENGAR, ERIKA V. 2008. Kleptoparasitic interactions throughout the animal kingdom and a re-evaluation, based on participant mobility, of the conditions promoting the evolution of kleptoparasitism. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 93, Issue. 4, p. 745.
Allen Brooks, R. Nizinski, Martha S. Ross, Steve W. and Sulak, Kenneth J. 2007. Frequency of sublethal injury in a deepwater ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata, an important component of western Atlantic Lophelia reef communities. Marine Biology, Vol. 152, Issue. 2, p. 307.
Lefebvre, Bertrand 2007. Early Palaeozoic palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology of stylophoran echinoderms. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 245, Issue. 1-2, p. 156.
Méar, Y. Poizot, E. Murat, A. Lesueur, P. and Thomas, M. 2006. Fine-grained sediment spatial distribution on the basis of a geostatistical analysis: Example of the eastern Bay of the Seine (France). Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 26, Issue. 19, p. 2335.
Metaxas, Anna and Giffin, Bernita 2004. Dense beds of the ophiuroid Ophiacantha abyssicola on the continental slope off Nova Scotia, Canada. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Vol. 51, Issue. 10, p. 1307.
Freeman, S.M. 2003. Size-dependent distribution, abundance and diurnal rhythmicity patterns in the short-spined sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 58, Issue. 4, p. 703.
Freeman, S.M and Rogers, S.I 2003. A new analytical approach to the characterisation of macro-epibenthic habitats: linking species to the environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 56, Issue. 3-4, p. 749.
Lefebvre, A Ellien, C Davoult, D Thiébaut, E and Salomon, J.C 2003. Pelagic dispersal of the brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis larvae in a megatidal area (English Channel, France) examined using an advection/diffusion model. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 57, Issue. 3, p. 421.
MORGAN, R. and JANGOUX, M. 2002. Reproductive cycle and spawning induction in the gregarious brittle starOphiothrix fragilis(Echinodermata) in the Oosterschelde (Netherlands). Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, Vol. 42, Issue. 2-3, p. 145.
Baric, Sanja and Sturmbauer, Christian 1999. Ecological Parallelism and Cryptic Species in the GenusOphiothrixDerived from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Vol. 11, Issue. 1, p. 157.
Sköld, Mattias 1998. Escape responses in four epibenthic brittle stars (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata). Ophelia, Vol. 49, Issue. 3, p. 163.
INTRODUCTION
The occurrence of dense beds of the brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard) in certain localized areas around the British Isles has been reported by several authors (Allen, 1899; Vevers, 1952; Cabioch, 1961; Holme, 1961; Brun, 1969), with population densities varying from 340/m2 (Vevers, 1952) to 2196/m2 (Brun, 1969). These populations seem to be permanent features of the sea bed since the aggregation sampled by Allen was in the same position as that photographed by Vevers fifty years later.
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