Background. Experimental studies have demonstrated that
alcohol has state-dependent effects on
learning and memory. We, therefore, sought to determine if alcohol
intoxication triggers selective
retrieval of memories which could alter patterns of alcohol use.
Methods. Eighteen alcoholic patients were studied as well as
a
comparison group of 12 patients who
abused cocaine, a drug not associated with memory state-dependence. Patients
underwent a semi-structured interview to elicit information about
recurrent personal memories experienced when
intoxicated. Recurrent memories experienced during craving were also studied
as a comparison condition.
Results. The prevalence of recurrent personal memories during
intoxication was reported to be
much higher for alcoholic patients compared with the cocaine-abusing patients.
These experiences occurred more frequently than during craving, generally
reflected
prior disturbing events and were
often reported to promote continued drinking.
Conclusions. The association of recurrently experienced personal
memories with intoxication in
alcoholic patients suggests, but does not establish, pharmacological
state-dependence. Further
studies of this memory phenomenon are indicated.