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Interference Between Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), and Soybean (Glycine max)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Joe E. Toler ,
J. Bradley Guice  and
Edward C. Murdock
Joe E. Toler
Affiliation:
Exp. Statistics Dep., Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634
J. Bradley Guice
Affiliation:
Agron Dep., Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634
Edward C. Murdock
Affiliation:
Agron Dep., Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634
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Abstract

Competitive relationships between johnsongrass, smooth pigweed, and soybean were examined in 1986 and 1987, and the adequacy of an additive response model (ARM) and product response model (PRM) in predicting yield reductions due to multispecies weed populations was assessed. A severe drought reduced soybean yields statewide in 1986, whereas ideal conditions for soybean production were experienced in 1987. Averaged over monospecific weed densities of 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants 4.6 m−1 of row, smooth pigweed intercepted 2.5 and 1.8 times more light than johnsongrass in 1986 and 1987, respectively. In multispecies populations having either 4 or 8 smooth pigweed plants 4.6 m−1 of row, light interception by johnsongrass was negligible. Averaged over monospecific weed densities, smooth pigweed produced 5160 and 1760 kg ha−1, while johnsongrass produced 1530 and 450 kg ha−1 dry weight in 1986 and 1987, respectively. In multispecies populations, smooth pigweed contributed more than 80% of the total weed biomass. As monospecific johnsongrass density increased, reductions in soybean seed yield were linear, whereas exponential response patterns adequately characterized reductions in soybean seed yield due to smooth pigweed interference. Based on calibrated monospecific responses, the ARM and PRM generally projected higher soybean seed yield reductions for multispecies weed populations than were observed. When crop production conditions were favorable and competitive effects of weeds were low, both models adequately predicted soybean seed yield reductions. When dry conditions unfavorable for crop production existed, the PRM best accommodated the interactive effects between johnsongrass, smooth pigweed, and soybean.

Keywords

Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. ♯ SORHAsmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. ♯ AMACHsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Braxton.’Additive response modelcompetitionlight interceptionmultispecies interferenceproduct response modelrelative crowding coefficientAMACHSORHA
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 44 , Issue 2 , June 1996 , pp. 331 - 338
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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