Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-31T23:05:44.806Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Glucosinolate Production by Five Field-Grown Brassica napus Cultivars Used as Green Manures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Charlotte V. Eberlein ,
Matthew J. Morra ,
Mary J. Guttieri ,
Paul D. Brown  and
Jack Brown
Charlotte V. Eberlein
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Matthew J. Morra
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Mary J. Guttieri
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Paul D. Brown
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Jack Brown
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Winter rape (Brassica napus L.) green manures have shown potential for erosion control and suppression of weeds and other pests in potato cropping systems. However, little information on residue cover, biomass production, glucosinolate concentration, and glucosinolate production with winter rape grown as a green manure is available. In field trials in southern Idaho, ‘Aspen,’ ‘Bridger,’ ‘Cascade,’ ‘Dwarf Essex,’ and ‘Humus’ winter rape were planted in mid-August and incorporated the following spring in late April or early May. All five cultivars provided > 80% fall, winter, and early spring residue cover. Winter rape dry weight just before incorporation was 2,880 to 4,462 kg/ha in 1994 and 5,438 to 7,837 kg/ha in 1995. The major glucosinolate in roots of all five cultivars was phenylethyl glucosinolate; the major glucosinolates in shoots were 4-pentenyl, 2-hydroxybutenyl, 3-butenyl, and 2-hydroxypentenyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolate concentrations varied between years, but concentrations were higher in Dwarf Essex and Humus than in Aspen both years. Glucosinolate production per hectare also was highest in Dwarf Essex and Humus and lowest in Aspen. Dwarf Essex and Humus produced higher amounts of isothiocyanate (ITC) and oxazolidinethione (OZT)-producing glucosinolates than Aspen, Bridger, or Cascade, and therefore may be better biofumigants.

Keywords

Winter rapepotato, Solanum tuberosum L.Allelochemicalsallelopathybiofumigantscover cropspotatosustainable agricultureGC, gas chromatographyITC, isothiocyanateOZT, oxazolidinethione
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , December 1998 , pp. 712 - 718
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Auld, D. L., Mahler, K. A., Bettis, B. L., and Crock, J. C. 1987a. Registration of ‘Bridger’ rapeseed. Crop Sci. 27:1310.Google Scholar
Auld, D. L., Mahler, K. A., Crock, J. C., and Bettis, B. L. 1987b. Registration of ‘Cascade’ rapeseed. Crop Sci. 27:1309–1310.Google Scholar
Auld, D. L., Mahler, K. A., Erickson, D. A., and Raymer, P. L. 1992a. Registration of ‘Humus’ rapeseed. Crop Sci. 32:1068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auld, D. L., Mahler, K. A., Erickson, D. A., and Raymer, P. L. 1992b. Registration of ‘Aspen’ rapeseed. Crop Sci. 32:1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bialy, Z., Oleszek, W., Lewis, J., and Fenwick, G. R. 1990. Allelopathic potential of glucosinolates (mustard oil glycosides) and their degradation products against wheat. Plant Soil 129:277–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borek, V., Morra, M. J., Brown, P. D., and McCaffrey, J. P. 1995. Glucosinolate-derived allelochemicals allyl isothiocyanate and allyl nitrile in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43:1935–1940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boydston, R. A. and Hang, A. 1995. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. 9:669–675.Google Scholar
Brown, P. D. and Morra, M. J. 1995. Glucosinolate-containing plant tissues as bioherbicides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43:3070–3074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, P. D. and Morra, M. J. 1996. Hydrolysis products of glucosinolates in Brassica napus tissues as inhibitors of seed germination. Plant Soil 181:307–316.Google Scholar
Chew, F. S. 1988. Biological effects of glucosinolates. In Cutler, H. G., ed. Biologically Active Natural Products: Potential Use in Agriculture. ACS Symposium Ser. 380. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. pp. 155–181.Google Scholar
Clossais-Besnard, N. and Larher, F. 1991. Physiological role of glucosinolates in Brassica napus . Concentration and distribution pattern of glucosinolates among plant organs during a complete life cycle. J. Sci. Food Agric. 56:25–38.Google Scholar
Dale, J. E. 1986. Decline in phytotoxicity of benzyl isothiocyanate formulated as granules. Weed Sci. 34:325–327.Google Scholar
Daun, J. K. and McGregor, D. I. 1983. Glucosinolate Analysis of Rapeseed (Canola). Winnipeg, Canada: Canadian Grain Commission Grain Research Laboratory, Agriculture Canada. 33 p.Google Scholar
Davis, J. B. 1988. Glucosinolate Variation in Brassica Species. . University of Idaho, Moscow, ID. 73 p.Google Scholar
Fenwick, G. R., Eagles, J., Gmelin, R., and Rakow, D. 1980. The mass spectra of glucosinolates and desulphoglucosinolates. Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 7:410–412.Google Scholar
Fenwick, G. R., Heaney, R. K., and Mullin, W. J. 1983. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 18:123–201.Google Scholar
Josefsson, E. 1970. Glucosinolate content and amino acid composition of rapeseed (Brassica napus) meal as affected by sulphur and nitrogen nutrition. J. Sci. Food Agric. 21:98–103.Google Scholar
Ju, H. K., Bible, B. B., and Chong, C. 1983. Influence of ionic thiocyanate on growth of cabbage, bean, and tobacco. J. Chem. Ecol. 9:1255–1262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirkegaard, J. A. and Sarwar, M. 1998. Biofumigation potential of Brassicas. I. Variation in glucosinolate profiles of diverse field-grown Brassicas. Plant Soil 201:71–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krishnan, G., Holshouser, D. L., and Nissen, S. J. 1998. Weed control in soybean (Glycine max) with green manure crops. Weed Technol. 12:97–102.Google Scholar
Laine, P., Ourry, A., Macduff, J., Boucaud, J., and Salette, J. 1993. Kinetic parameters of nitrate uptake by different catch crop species: effects of low temperatures or previous nitrate starvation. Physiol. Plant. 88:85–92.Google Scholar
Mason-Sedun, W., Jessop, R. S., and Lovett, J. V. 1986. Differential phytotoxicity among species and cultivars of the genus Brassica to wheat. Plant Soil 93:3–16.Google Scholar
Mojtahedi, H., Santo, G. S., Hang, A. N., and Wilson, J. H. 1991. Suppression of root-knot nematode populations with selected rapeseed cultivars as green manure. J. Nematol. 23:170–174.Google ScholarPubMed
Mojtahedi, H., Santo, G. S., Wilson, J. H., and Hang, A. N. 1993. Managing Meloidogyne chitwoodi on potato with rapeseed as green manure. Plant Dis. 77:42–46.Google Scholar
Muehlchen, A. M., Rand, R. E., and Parke, J. L. 1990. Evaluation of crucifer green manures for controlling Aphanomyces root rot of peas. Plant Dis. 74:651–654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oleszek, W. 1987. Allelopathic effects of volatiles from some Cruciferae species on lettuce, barnyard grass, and wheat growth. Plant Soil 102:271–273.Google Scholar
Raney, J. P. and McGregor, D. I. 1990. Determination of glucosinolate content by gas liquid chromatography of trimethylsilyl derivatives of desulfated glucosinolates. In Proceedings, Oil Crops Network, Brassica Sub-Network Workshop. International Development Research Centre, April 21–23, 1990. Ottawa, Canada: Agricultural Canada Research Branch. pp. 1–12.Google Scholar
Sarrantonio, M. 1992. Opportunities and challenges for the inclusion of soil-improving crops in vegetable production systems. Hortic. Sci. 27:754–758.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1995. SAS User's Guide. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Stiehl, B. and Bible, B. B. 1989. Reaction of crop species to thiocyanate ion toxicity. HortScience 24:99–101.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Taylorson, R. B. 1986. Weed seed response to methyl isothiocyanate and metham. Weed Sci. 34:520–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorup-Kristensen, K. 1993. Root development of nitrogen catch crops and of a succeeding crop of broccoli. Plant Soil 43:58–64.Google Scholar
Van Etten, C. H. and Tookey, H. L. 1979. Chemistry and biological effects of glucosinolates. In Rosenthal, G. A. and Janzen, D. H., eds. Herbivores, Their Interaction with Secondary Plant Metabolites. New York: Academic Press. pp. 471–500.Google Scholar
Vaughn, S. F. and Boydston, R. A. 1997. Volatile allelochemicals released by crucifer green manures. J. Chem. Ecol. 23:2107–2116.Google Scholar
Wolf, R. B., Spencer, G. F., and Kwolek, W. F. 1984. Inhibition of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) germination and growth of benzyl isothiocyanate, a natural toxicant. Weed Sci. 32:612–615.Google Scholar
Wu, Y. F. and Basler, E. 1969. Effects of ammonium thiocyanate on carbohydrate metabolism in the cotton plant. Weed Sci. 17:362–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar