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Herbicides for Control of Volunteer Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and Potential Carryover to Subsequent Horseradish Production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nathan R. Johanning ,
S. Alan Walters  and
Bryan G. Young
Nathan R. Johanning
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
S. Alan Walters
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
Bryan G. Young*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: BryanYoung@purdue.edu.
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Abstract

Volunteer horseradish plants that emerged from root segments remaining after harvest can reduce yields of rotational crops as well as provide a host for pathogens and insects, thus reducing the benefits of crop rotation. POST applications of halosulfuron in corn can be an effective component to improve management of volunteer horseradish, but the replant interval from application to safe planting of commercial horseradish has not been determined. Fall herbicide applications are another possible volunteer horseradish management strategy than can be implemented once crops are harvested. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the safe replant interval of horseradish following halosulfuron applications and to determine the efficacy of fall herbicide applications for volunteer horseradish control. Visual estimates of horseradish injury were greatest (85%) in plantings made zero months after halosulfuron applied at two times the approved rate; moreover, for all rates, injury decreased as the time after halosulfuron application increased. No herbicide injury or root biomass reduction occurred on horseradish at any halosulfuron rate from replanting beyond 4 mo after halosulfuron application. Control of volunteer horseradish was 91% or greater for all fall herbicide applications that included 2,4-D. Furthermore, volunteer horseradish shoot density was the lowest following combinations of 2,4-D tank-mixed with halosulfuron or rimsulfuron : thifensulfuron (0.2 and 0.4 shoots m−2, respectively) compared with the nontreated control (5.1 shoots m−2). This research demonstrates the effectiveness of both halosulfuron and 2,4-D as components of an integrated management strategy for volunteer horseradish control and the potential for halosulfuron applications without soil persistence beyond 4 mo affecting subsequent commercial horseradish production.

Plantas voluntarias de rábano picante (rusticano) que emergen de fragmentos de raíz que quedan en el campo después de la cosecha pueden reducir el rendimiento de cultivos en rotación y pueden ser un hospedero de patógenos e insectos, lo que a su vez reduce los beneficios de la rotación de cultivos. Aplicaciones POST de halosulfuron en maíz pueden ser un componente efectivo para mejorar el manejo de rábano picante voluntario, pero el intervalo de resiembra desde la aplicación al momento de una siembra segura de rábano picante no ha sido determinado. Aplicaciones en el otoño son otra posible estrategia para el manejo de rábano picante voluntario que puede ser implementada una vez que los cultivos han sido cosechados. Por esta razón, se realizaron experimentos de campo para evaluar el intervalo de resiembra seguro de rábano picante después de aplicaciones de halosulfuron y para determinar la eficacia de aplicaciones en el otoño para el control de rábano picante voluntario. Los estimados visuales de daño del rábano picante fueron mayores (85%) en siembras hechas cero meses después de la aplicación de halosulfuron a dos veces la dosis aprobada. Además, para todas las dosis, el daño disminuyó conforme aumentó el tiempo después de la aplicación de halosulfuron. Ningún daño causado por el herbicida o ninguna reducción en la biomasa de la raíz del rábano picante ocurrió para ninguna de las dosis de halosulfuron, para resiembras más allá de 4 meses después de la aplicación de halosulfuron. El control de rábano picante voluntario fue 91% o mayor para todas las aplicaciones de otoño de herbicida que incluyeron 2,4-D. Además, la densidad de plantas de rábano picante voluntario fue las más baja después de aplicaciones de combinaciones de 2,4-D mezclado en tanque con halosulfuron o rimsulfuron:thifensulfuron (0.2 y 0.4 plantas m−2, respectivamente) al compararse con el testigo sin tratamiento (5.1 plantas m−2). Esta investigación demuestra la efectividad de halosulfuron y 2,4-D como componentes de una estrategia de manejo integrado para el control de rábano picante voluntario y el potencial de aplicaciones de halosulfuron de no mostrar persistencia en el suelo más allá de 4 meses para no afectar posteriormente la producción comercial de rábano picante.

Keywords

2,4-Dhalosulfuronrimsulfuronthifensulfuroncorn, Zea mays L.horseradish, Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & ScherbFall herbicide applicationsherbicide carryoverperennial weed controlsoil persistence
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 181 - 189
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Extension Educator, University of Illinois, Murphysboro, IL 62966.

Current address: Associate Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907

Associate editor for this paper: Mark VanGessel, University of Delaware.

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