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Dietary ecological traits of extinct mammalian herbivores from the last glacial termination at the Pilauco Site, Chile

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2022

Erwin González-Guarda Open the ORCID record for Erwin González-Guarda [Opens in a new window] ,
Carlos Tornero ,
Alia Petermann-Pichincura ,
Iván Ramírez-Pedraza ,
Mario Pino ,
Paulo Corti ,
Leslie Cortés ,
Felipe Osorio ,
Úrzula Barrientos  and
Angelo Espinoza
...Show all authors
Erwin González-Guarda*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O'Higgins, Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 611, Rancagua, Chile Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
Carlos Tornero
Affiliation:
Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain Department of Prehistory, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Alia Petermann-Pichincura
Affiliation:
Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
Iván Ramírez-Pedraza
Affiliation:
Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
Mario Pino
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Emilio Pugín, Avenida Eduardo Morales Miranda, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. Fundación para los Estudios Patrimoniales Pleistocenos de Osorno (FEPPO)
Paulo Corti
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Manejo y Conservación de Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciencia Animal y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Leslie Cortés
Affiliation:
Independent researcher. Omar Elorza Smith 749, mirador del Limarí, Ovalle, región de Coquimbo, Chile
Felipe Osorio
Affiliation:
Gestión Ambiental Consultores. Gral del Canto 421, Providencia, Región Metropolitana
Úrzula Barrientos
Affiliation:
Fundación ReverdeSiendo, Departamento de Naturaleza y Medio Ambiente (NAM), ruta T-350, 34600 Curiñanco, Valdivia, Chile
Angelo Espinoza
Affiliation:
Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Jordi Agustí
Affiliation:
Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain ICREA. Pg. Lluís Company 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
*
*Corresponding author e-mail address: erwin.gonzalez@uoh.cl
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Abstract

Stable isotopes are a powerful tool for reconstructing the past. However, environmental factors not previously considered can lead to misinterpretations. Our study presents a novel analysis of the feeding behavior of the megafauna that inhabited the Pilauco ecosystem in south-central Chile during the last glacial termination. We analyzed a suite of modern plant and animal samples from closed-canopy forests to establish an isotopic baseline with which to compare stable isotope results from fossil megafauna. Using the modern samples as a reference, the δ13C results from the Pilauco megafauna indicate feeding behaviors in forested areas. These results were then calibrated with dental calculus samples and coprolites, which suggest the coexistence of graze- and grass-dominated mixed-feeder diets. The δ15N values found in Pilauco megafauna are not consistent with modern reference data sets or with the low δ15N values of extinct proboscideans from other contemporaneous and nearby sites. Probably, the δ15N values of the Pilauco ecosystem were not primarily affected by climate, but rather by disturbance factors (e.g., grazing effect). Our results indicate that the Pilauco megafauna fed mainly on arboreal vegetation; however, non-isotopic proxies indicate that they were also eating open vegetation (e.g., herbs and grasses).

Keywords

DietMegafaunalast glacial terminationChilean PatagoniaBiogeochemistry

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Type
Research Article
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Quaternary Research , Volume 109 , September 2022 , pp. 141 - 156
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2022

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