The last chapter is centered around Billy Budd. I suggest that Melville's masterpiece is to very large extent devoted to the consideration of precisely the sorts of problems of punishment that I have discussed in the book. Captain Vere - who is forced to punish Billy - is emotionally devastated by this fact. I discuss how it makes sense for Vere to be so devastated even though his acts were justified. This allows me to explore the peculiar structure of justification that punishment theories have igonred: except for rare cases, we cannot punish without getting our hands dirty. The fact that we are justified in punishing someone does not fully erase the moral remainders that punishment generates. The emotional distress a decent person would feel after inflicting suffering in someone else (even if she is justified) is evidence of her decency. The chapter ends with a discussion of the ways in which the cultivation of our moral imagination is necessary to more maturely deal with the problem of punishment.