The automobile arrives bringing change to the street’s uses and meanings. Among many factors driving car ownership were its capacity to express social status and its power to create exclusive, protected space for motorists on the public commons, lifting them above the common press of the street. The car's strong association with elites and officials created a palpable sense of class conflict between motorists and pedestrians. While pedestrians resisted changes, the elite engaged the machine's insistence for space to help eliminate street behaviors that had long been judged undesirable, including peddling, keeping animals, singing, dancing, and various forms of play and recreation. They even tried to impose rules for walking on the sidewalks now congested with pedestrians forced to the street's margin. Pedestrian reforms said that everyone must keep moving. Stasis became a crime. Above all, the car, with its outsized spatial demands and noise, impinged on the street’s function as a place to build community. And even carnival, the city’s quintessential street celebration, was transformed by wealthy participants who filled the streets with their automobiles.