Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-30T18:59:19.772Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 4 - Approved Cannabinoid Medicines for Therapeutic Use

from Section 1 - An Introduction to Cannabinoid Science

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2020

Steven James
Steven James
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
Get access

Summary

The nineteenth and twentieth centuries witnessed advances in the ability to separate many biologically active molecules from plants and gave birth to the modern pharmaceutical industry. Even with today’s current scientific advances with biotechnology and genomics, in the twenty-first century botanical extracts from plants continue to provide significant numbers of effective medicines. Cannabis, used for thousands of years, lagged behind this development, as described in Chapter 1, and only in 1985 were the first cannabinoid-based medicines approved.

Type
Chapter
Information
A Clinician's Guide to Cannabinoid Science , pp. 41 - 54
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barann, M. et al. (2002) ‘Direct inhibition by cannabinoids of human 5-HT 3 A receptors: probable involvement of an allosteric modulatory site’, British Journal of Pharmacology, 137(5), 589–596. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ben-Shabat, S. et al. (1998) ‘An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity’, European Journal of Pharmacology, 353(1), 23–31. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00392-6.Google Scholar
Berman, J. S., Symonds, C. and Birch, R. (2004) ‘Efficacy of two cannabis based medicinal extracts for relief of central neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion: results of a randomised controlled trial’, Pain, 112(3), 299–306. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brenneisen, R. et al. (1996) ‘The effect of orally and rectally administered delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on spasticity: a pilot study with 2 patients.’, International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 34(10), 446–452. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8897084.Google Scholar
Devinsky, O. et al. (2016) ‘Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial’, The Lancet Neurology, 15(3), 270–278. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00379-8.Google Scholar
Devinsky, O. et al. (2017) ‘Trial of cannabidiol for drug-resistant seizures in the Dravet syndrome’, New England Journal of Medicine, 376(21), 2011–2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1611618.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devinsky, O. et al. (2018) ‘Effect of cannabidiol on drop seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome’, New England Journal of Medicine, 378, 1888–1897.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fabre, L. F. and McLendon, D. (1981) ‘The efficacy and safety of nabilone (a synthetic cannabinoid) in the treatment of anxiety’, The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 21(S1), 377S-382S. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02617.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farrar, J. T. et al. (2008) ‘Validity, reliability, and clinical importance of change in a 0–10 numeric rating scale measure of spasticity: a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial’, Clinical Therapeutics, 30(5), 974–985. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.05.011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleuren, J. F. M. et al. (2010) ‘Stop using the Ashworth Scale for the assessment of spasticity’, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 81(1), 46–52. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.177071.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frank, B. et al. (2008) ‘Comparison of analgesic effects and patient tolerability of nabilone and dihydrocodeine for chronic neuropathic pain: randomised, crossover, double blind study’, BMJ, 336(7637), 199–201. doi:10.1136/bmj.39429.619653.80.Google Scholar
Fraser, G. A. (2009) ‘The use of a synthetic cannabinoid in the management of treatment-resistant nightmares in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)’, CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics, 15(1), 84–88. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00071.x.Google Scholar
Gaston, T. E. and Szaflarski, J. P. (2018) ‘Cannabis for the treatment of epilepsy: an update’, Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 18(11), 1–9. doi:10.1007/s11910-018-0882-y.Google Scholar
Gloss, D. and Vickrey, B. (2011) ‘Cannabinoids for epilepsy’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, CD009270. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009270.pub3.Google Scholar
Guindon, J. and Beaulieu, P. (2006) ‘Antihyperalgesic effects of local injections of anandamide, ibuprofen, rofecoxib and their combinations in a model of neuropathic pain’, Neuropharmacology, 50(7), 814–823. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.12.002.Google Scholar
Hill, K. P. et al. (2017) ‘Nabilone pharmacotherapy for cannabis dependence: a randomized, controlled pilot study’, The American Journal on Addictions, 26(8), 795–801. doi:10.1111/ajad.12622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hornby, P. J. (2001) ‘Central neurocircuitry associated with emesis’, American Journal of Medicine, 111(8 Suppl 1), 106–112. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(01)00849-x.Google Scholar
Koppel, B. S. et al. (2014) ‘Systematic review: efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurologic disorders: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology’, Neurology, 82(17), 1556–1563. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000363.Google Scholar
Lemberger, L. and Rowe, H. (1975) ‘Clinical pharmacology of nabilone, a cannabinol derivative’, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 18(6), 720–726. doi:10.1002/cpt1975186720.Google Scholar
Lutge, E. E., Gray, A. and Siegfried, N. (2013) ‘The medical use of cannabis for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/ AIDS’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD005175. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005175.pub3.Google Scholar
Marshall, K. S., Gowing, L. and Ali, R. (2011) ‘Pharmacotherapies for cannabis withdrawal’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, CD008940. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008940.Google Scholar
McLoughlin, B. C. et al. (2014) ‘Cannabis and schizophrenia’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10, CD004837. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004837.pub3.Google Scholar
Meiri, E. et al. (2007) ‘Efficacy of dronabinol alone and in combination with ondansetron versus ondansetron alone for delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting’, Current Medical Research and Opinion, 23(3), 533–543. doi:10.1185/030079907X167525.Google Scholar
Novotna, A. et al. (2011) ‘A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, enriched-design study of nabiximols*(Sativex ®), as add-on therapy, in subjects with refractory spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis’, European Journal of Neurology, 18(9), 1122–1131. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03328.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nurmikko, T. J. et al. (2007) ‘Sativex successfully treats neuropathic pain characterised by allodynia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial’, Pain, 133(1–3), 210–220. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.08.028.Google Scholar
Pamplona, F. A., Da Silva, L. R. and Coan, A. C. (2018) ‘Potential clinical benefits of CBD-rich cannabis extracts over purified CBD in treatment-resistant epilepsy: observational data meta-analysis’, Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 759. doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinsger, M. et al. (2006) ‘Nutzen einer add-on-therapie mit dem synthetischen cannabinomimetikum nabilone bei patienten mit chronischen schmerzzuständen – Eine randomisierte kontrollierte studie’, Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 118(11–12), 327–335. doi:10.1007/s00508-006-0611-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sallan, S. E. et al. (1980) ‘Antiemetics in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer — a randomized comparison of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and prochlorperazine’, New England Journal of Medicine, 302, 135–138. doi:10.1056/NEJM198001173020302.Google Scholar
Skrabek, R. Q. et al. (2008) ‘Nabilone for the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia’, The Journal of Pain, 9(2), 164–173. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.09.002.Google Scholar
Smith, L. A. and Jess, C. E. (2011) ‘Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11, CD009464. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009464.Google Scholar
Sticht, M. A. et al. (2016) ‘Endocannabinoid regulation of nausea is mediated by 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the rat visceral insular cortex’, Neuropharmacology, 102, 92–102. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.039.Google Scholar
Szaflarski, J. P. et al. (2018) ‘Long-term safety and treatment effects of cannabidiol in children and adults with treatment-resistant epilepsies: expanded access program results’, Epilepsia, 59(8), 1540–1548. doi:10.1111/epi.14477.Google Scholar
Thiele, E. A. et al. (2018) ‘Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial’, The Lancet, 391(10125), 1085–1096. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30136-3.Google Scholar
Tramèr, M. R. et al. (2001) ‘Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review’, British Medical Journal, 323(7303), 16–21.Google Scholar
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2014) World Drug Report 2014 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.14.XI.7).Google Scholar
Van Sickle, M. D. et al. (2005) ‘Neuroscience: identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors’, Science, 310(5746), 329–332. doi:10.1126/science.1115740.Google Scholar
Wade, D. T. et al. (2004) ‘Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients’, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 10(4), 434–441. doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1082oa.Google Scholar
Wade, D. T. et al. (2010) ‘Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Sativex (nabiximols), on spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis’, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 16(6), 707–714. doi:10.1177/1352458510367462.Google Scholar
Walitt, B. et al. (2016) ‘Cannabinoids for fibromyalgia’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7, CD011694. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011694.pub2.Google ScholarPubMed
Ward, A. and Holmes, B. (1985) ‘Nabilone: a preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use’, Drugs, 30(2), 127–144. doi:10.2165/00003495-198530020-00002.Google Scholar
Ware, M. A. et al. (2010) ‘The effects of nabilone on sleep in fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled trial’, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 110(2), 604–610. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c76f70.Google Scholar
Ware, M. A., Daeninck, P. and Maida, V. (2008) ‘A review of nabilone in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting’, Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 4(1), 99–107. doi:10.2147/tcrm.s1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiting, P. F. et al. (2015) ‘Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 313(24), 2456–2473. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6358.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×