The psychological principles impacting language learning can have a major impact on the success of the classroom, teachers/coaches, and learners. By successfully guiding and mentoring learners through their language and culture education journey, recognizing that cognition plays an important role in processing and retaining information will contribute to not only language knowledge, but also the development of biculturalism. Chapter 20 focuses on cognitive affect, and the impact of cognition when learning a language. This chapter identifies how to recognize distortions, affective dissonance, and negative classroom behaviors; it contains insights and suggestions on helping autonomous language learners reach their goals by effectively addressing disorienting dilemmas; and it offers teachers, mentors, and coaches concrete examples of how to help learners overcome self-sabotage.