Abas, Husen. 1987. Indonesian as a unifying language of wider communication: A historical and sociolinguistic perspective. Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.Google Scholar

Abeykon, John. 1884. The progress of the Sinhalese in literature, arts, and sciences. The Orientalist 1: 55–56, 82–86, 163–165, 271–273.Google Scholar

Academy of the Hebrew Language. No date. Ben-Yehuda. Ha-akademia la-lashon ha-‘ivrit [The Academy of the Hebrew Language]. http://hebrew-academy.huji.ac.il/English/BenYehuda/Pages/default.aspxGoogle Scholar

Adams, David Wallace. 1995. Education for extinction. Topeka: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar

Alexander, Neville. 2001. Language education policy, national and sub-national identities in South Africa. Reference Study. Strasbourg: Language Policy Division DG IV – Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education, Council of Europe. www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/Source/AlexanderEN.pdfGoogle Scholar

Alisbjahbana, S. T. 1974. Language policy and literacy in Indonesia and Malaysia. In Fishman, Joshua (ed.), Advances in language planning, 391–416. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar

American Convention on Human Rights (Organization of American States 1978). www.hrcr.org/docs/American_Convention/oashr.htmlGoogle Scholar

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (Organization of American States 1948). www.cidh.org/basicos/english/Basic2.American%20Declaration.htmGoogle Scholar

American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples [draft] (Organization of American States 1997). www.oas.org/en/iachr/indigenous/activities/declaration.aspGoogle Scholar

American Dialect Society. 2016. 2015 word of the year is singular ‘they’. www.americandialect.org/2015-word-of-the-year-is-singular-theyGoogle Scholar

Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar

Andrássy, György. 2012. Freedom of language: A universal human right to be recognised. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 19: 195–232.Google Scholar

Anthonisz, Richard Gerald. 1907. Report on the Dutch records in the government archives at Columbo. Colombo: H. C. Cottle.Google Scholar

Anwar, Kaidhir. 1980. Indonesian: Development and use of a national language. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.Google Scholar

Arasaratnam, Sinnappah, and Peiris, Gerald Hubert. 2016. Sri Lanka. www.britannica.com/place/Sri-Lanka/Conversion-to-BuddhismGoogle Scholar

Atkins, J. D. C. 1887. Annual report of the Secretary of the Interior, vol. 1. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar

Austin, Peter K., and Sallabank, Julia. 2011. Introduction. In Austin, Peter K. and Sallabank, Julia (eds.), Cambridge handbook of endangered languages. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Aygen, Gülşat. 2007. Kurmanjî Kurdish. Munich: Lincom Europa.Google Scholar

Aygen Bartoš, Jozef, and Gagnaire, Joseph. 1972. Grammaire de la langue Slovaque. Bratislava: Matica Slovenská.Google Scholar

Aytürk, İlker. 2008. Politics and language reform in Turkey: The “Academy” debate. Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 98: 13–30.Google Scholar

Bailey, Guy, John Baugh, Salikoko S. Mufwene, and Rickford, John R.. 1998. African-American English: Structure, history, and use. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bairon, Fija, Brenzinger, Matthias, and Heinrich, Patrick. 2009. The Ryūkyūs and the new, but endangered, languages of Japan. Asia-Pacific Journal 19(2). www.japanfocus.org/articles/print_article/3138. Reproduced in OGMIOS Newsletter 38: 6–12.Google Scholar

Baluja, Tamara, and Bradshaw, James. 2012. Is bilingualism still relevant in Canada? The Globe and Mail. www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/is-bilingualism-still-relevant-in-canada/article4365620/?page=allGoogle Scholar

Barclay, Kate. 2006. Okinawan identity. Nations and Nationalism 12(1): 117–137.Google Scholar

Batchelor, John. 1905. An Ainu–English–Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language). Tokyo: Methodist Publishing House.Google Scholar

Baugh, John. 1999. Out of the mouths of slaves: African American language and educational malpractice. Austin: University of Texas PressGoogle Scholar

Baugh, John 2000. Beyond Ebonics: Linguistic pride and racial prejudice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

BBC. 2010. Try the McGurk Effect! “Is seeing believing?” Horizon. BBC Two. October 18.Google Scholar

BBC 2012. Slovaks retaliate over Hungarian citizenship law. March 12. www.bbc.com/news/10166610Google Scholar

BBC 2013. Icelandic girl Blaer wins right to use given name. BBC News Europe. www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21280101Google Scholar

Beheydt, Ludo. 1995. The linguistic situation in the new Belgium. In Wright, Sue (ed.), Languages in contact and conflict: Contrasting experiences in the Netherlands and Belgium, 48–64. Avon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar

Behiels, M. D., and Hudon, R.. 2013. Bill 101 (Charte de la langue française). The Canadian encyclopedia. Toronto: Historica Canada.Google Scholar

Beinart, William. 2001. Twentieth-century South Africa. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bélanger, Claude. 2005. Treaty of Paris 1763. L’Encyclopédie de l’histoire du Québec / The Quebec history encyclopedia. Montreal: Marianopolis College.Google Scholar

Belien, Paul. 2005. A throne in Brussels: Britain, the Saxe-Coburgs and the Belgianisation of Europe. Exeter: Imprint Academic.Google Scholar

Bell, Allan. 2011. Re-constructing Babel: Discourse analysis, hermeneutics, and the Interpretive Arc. Discourse Studies 13(5): 519‒568.Google Scholar

Bensadoun, Daniel. 2010. This week in history: Revival of the Hebrew language. Jerusalem Post, October 15. www.jpost.com/printarticle.aspx?id=191505Google Scholar

Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer. 1879. Sheela nikhbada [A serious question]. Ha-Shahar (folio 7), 3–13. See Jack Fellman, The revival of a classical tongue: Eliezer Ben Yehuda and the Modern Hebrew language (The Hague: Mouton, 1973).Google Scholar

Bideleux, Robert, and Jeffries, Ian. 1998. A history of Eastern Europe: Crisis and change. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Blenkinsop, Philip. 2010. Belgian king accepts government’s resignation. Reuters. www.reuters.com/article/2010/04/26/us-belgium-government-idUSTRE63P3UE20100426Google Scholar

Bowring, Richard, and Laurie, Haruko Uryu. 2004. An introduction to Modern Japanese, book 1: Grammar lessons. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Brännlund, I., and Axelsson, P. (2011). Reindeer management during the colonization of Sami lands: A long-term perspective of vulnerability and adaptation strategies. Global Environmental Change, 21: 1095–1105.Google Scholar

Brenzinger, Matthias, Dwyer, Arienne M., de Graaf, Tjeerd, Grinevald, Colette, Krauss, Michael, Miyaoka, Osahito, Ostler, Nicholas, Sakiyama, Osamu, Villalón, María E., Yamamoto, Akira Y., and Zepeda, Ofelia. 2003. Language vitality and endangerment. Document submitted to the International Expert Meeting on UNESCO Programme Safeguarding of Endangered Languages, Paris, March 10–12. www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/src/00120-EN.pdfGoogle Scholar

Bruce, Leslie P. 1988. Serialisation: From syntax to lexicon. Studies in Language 12: 19–49.Google Scholar

Bucken-Knapp, Gregg. 2003. Elites, language and the politics of identity: The Norwegian case in comparative perspective. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Bull, Tove. 2002. The Sámi language(s), maintenance and intellectualization. Current Issues in Language Planning 3(1): 28–39.Google Scholar

Busque, Anne-Marie. 2006. Québec language policy. The Canadian encyclopedia. Toronto: Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quebec-language-policy/Google Scholar

Caldwell, Robert. 1856. A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages. London: Williams and Norgate.Google Scholar

Caldwell, Robert 1875. A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages, 2nd edn. London: Williams and Norgate.Google Scholar

Rodriguez, Carmen, Avalos, Antonio, Yilmaz, Hakan, and Planet., Ana I. 2013. Turkey’s democratization process. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Carroll, John Bissell (ed.). 1956. Language, thought, and reality: Selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Castillo, Mariano. 2012. Puerto Ricans favor statehood for the first time. CNN, November 8. www.cnn.com/2012/11/07/politics/election-puerto-rico/Google Scholar

Cemiloglu, Dicle. 2009. The dilemma of the Kurdish language in Turkey: A case study on language policy between 1924–2009. University of Pennsylvania honors thesis.Google Scholar

Charity, Anne Harper. 2008. African American English. In Neville, H., Tynes, B., and Utsey, S. (eds.), Handbook of African American psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar

CBC News. 2013. Quebec language police aim at more Montreal restaurants. Feb 25. CBC/Radio Canada. www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-language-police-aim-at-more-montreal-restaurants-1.1332751Google Scholar

Chew, John J. Jr. 1976. Standard Japanese and the Hirara dialect: A case of linguistic convergence. Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese 11(2): 235–248.Google Scholar

CIA World Factbook. Papua New Guinea. www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pp.htmlGoogle Scholar

Cole, Douglas. 2016. Serial verb constructions in Lao and their event representations. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa.Google Scholar

Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 1952. Wikisource. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_RicoGoogle Scholar

Constitution of the State of California 1849. California Secretary of State Alex Padilla www.sos.ca.gov/archives/collections/constitutions/1849/Google Scholar

Constitution of the State of California 1879. Sacramento: State Office. www.sos.ca.gov/archives/collections/constitutions/1879/Google Scholar

Constitution of the State of California. State Constitution. www.citizensinchargefoundation.org/files/California Constitution.pdfGoogle Scholar

Cosslett, Rhiannon Lucy. 2013. Why is the Welsh language dying? Because the land of my fathers is obsessed with purity. New Statesman, August 14. www.newstatesman.com/culture/2013/08/why-welsh-language-dying-because-land-my-fathers-obsessed-purityGoogle Scholar

Coulmas, Florian. 1988. What’s a national language good for? In Coulmas, Florian (ed.), With forked tongues: What are national languages good for? 1–24. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma Publishers.Google Scholar

Cox, Patrick. 2015. Welsh is considered a model for language revitalization, but its fate is still uncertain. www.pri.org/stories/2015–06-24/welsh-considered-model-language-revitalization-its-fate-uncertainGoogle Scholar

Curtis, Glenn E. (ed.). 1992. Bulgaria: A country study. Washington, DC: GPO for the Library of Congress.Google Scholar

Dacey-Fondelius, Elizabeth. 2007. Forbidden names, identity and the law. The Local: Sweden’s News in English. November 26. www.thelocal.se/20071126/9212Google Scholar

Daftary, Farimah, and Kinga, Gál. 2000. The new Slovak language law: Internal or external politics. ECMI Working Paper no. 8. Flensburg: European Centre for Minority Issues.Google Scholar

Daley, Suzanne. 2010. The language divide, writ small, in Belgian town. New York Times, July 15. www.nytimes.com/2010/07/16/world/europe/16belgium.htmlGoogle Scholar

Daniels, Harvey A. 1983. Famous last words: The American language crisis reconsidered. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar

Daniels, Peter T., and Bright, William (eds.). 1996. The world’s writing systems. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Dardjowidjojo, Soenjono. 1998. Strategies for a successful national language policy: The Indonesian case. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 130: 35–46.Google Scholar

Das Gupta, Jyotirindra. 1970. Language conflict and national development. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Davitt, Michael. 1902. The Boer Fight for Freedom. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.Google Scholar

Deans, David 2015. The state of the Welsh language: Number of people speaking Welsh fluently falls by 7,000 over the last decade. Wales online. www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/state-welsh-language-number-people-8538272Google Scholar

Debo, Angie. 1975. The rise and fall of the Choctaw Nation. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar

De Bres, Julia. 2008. Planning for tolerability in New Zealand, Wales and Catalonia. Current Issues in Language Planning 9: 464–482.Google Scholar

DeFrancis, John. 1984. The Chinese language: Fact and fantasy. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar

de Groof, Jetje. 2002. Two hundred years of language planning in Belgium. In Linn, Andrew and McLelland, Nicola (eds.), Standardization: Studies from the Germanic languages, 117–134. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar

Deraniyagala, Siran Upendra. 1996. Pre- and protohistoric settlement in Sri Lanka. International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, Proceedings of the XIII Congress. 5.16 (The prehistory of Asia and Oceania): 277–285. www.lankalibrary.com/geo/dera1.htmlGoogle Scholar

de Varennes, Fernand. 2010. Political participation and power-sharing in ethnic peace settlements. In Weller, Marc and Nobbs, Katherine (eds.), Political participation of minorities: A commentary on international standards and practice, 453–474. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

DeVotta, Neil. 2003. Ethnolinguistic nationalism and ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. In Brown, Michael E. and Ganguly, Šumit (eds.), Fighting words: Language policy and ethnic relations in Asia, 105–140. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

DeVotta, Neil 2004. Blowback: Linguistic nationalism, institutional decay, and ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Diamond, Jared M. 1997. Guns, germs, and steel: The fates of human societies. W. W. Norton.Google Scholar

Dorian, Nancy C. 1994. Choices and values in language shift and its study. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 110: 113‒124.Google Scholar

Dubinsky, Stanley, and Davies, William D.. 2013. Language conflict and language rights: The Ainu, Ryūkyūans, and Koreans in Japan. Japan Studies Review 17: 3–27.Google Scholar

Dubinsky, Stanley, and Holcomb, Christopher. 2011. Understanding language through humor. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Duignan, Peter J. 1998. Bilingual education: A critique. Stanford University Hoover Institution. www.hoover.org/research/bilingual-education-critiqueGoogle Scholar

Eastman, Carol. 1984. Language, ethnic identity and change. In Edwards, J. (ed.), Linguistic minorities, policies and pluralism. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Edwards, John. 1985. Language, society, and identity. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Edwards, John 2003. Contextualizing language rights. Journal of Human Rights 2: 551–571.Google Scholar

Edwards, John 2009. Language and identity: An introduction. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Egerö, Bertil. 1991. South Africa’s Bantustans: From dumping grounds to battlefronts. Nordiska Afrikainstitutet Discussion Paper 4. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.Google Scholar

Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1894. The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A dictionary of arts, science, and general literature, vol. XII. Philadelphia: Maxwell Sommerville.Google Scholar

English First. 2011a. The American public supports English First. www.englishfirst.org/d/americapublicsupportsenglishGoogle Scholar

English First 2011b. The mission of English First. www.englishfirst.orgGoogle Scholar

Erikson, Erik H. 1968. Identity and youth crisis. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar

Errington, Joseph. 2003. Getting language rights: The rhetorics of language endangerment and loss. American Anthropologist 105: 723–732.Google Scholar

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (Council of Europe 1992) http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/148.htmGoogle Scholar

Faingold, Eduardo D. 2004. Language rights and language justice in the constitutions of the world. Language Problems and Language Planning 28: 11–24.Google Scholar

Fasold, Ralph. 1988. What national languages are good for. In Coulmas, Florian (ed.), With forked tongues: What are national languages good for? Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma Publishers.Google Scholar

Fear, Jacqueline. 1980. English versus the vernacular: the suppression of Indian languages in reservation schools at the end of the nineteenth century. Revue française d’études américaines 9: 13–24.Google Scholar

Fellman, Jack. 1973. Concerning the “revival” of the Hebrew language. Anthropological Linguistics 15(5): 250–257.Google Scholar

Fishman, Joshua A. 1978. The Indonesian language planning experience: What does it teach us? In Udin, S. (ed.), Spectrum: Essays presented to Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana on his seventieth birthday. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat.Google Scholar

Fishman, Joshua A. 1991. Reversing language shift: Theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar

Frankental, Sally, and Sichone, Owen. 2005. South Africa’s diverse peoples: A reference sourcebook. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.Google Scholar

Franklin, Benjamin. 1751 [published 1755]. Observations concerning the increase of mankind, peopling of countries, etc. https://archive.org/stream/increasemankind00franrich/increasemankind00franrich_djvu.txtGoogle Scholar

Fraser, Angus. 1992. The Gypsies. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Frese, Stephen J. 2005. Divided by a common language: The Babel proclamation and its influence in Iowa history. The History Teacher 39(1): 59–88.Google Scholar

Friedman, Victor. 2005. The Romani language in Macedonia in the third millennium: Progresss and problems. In Halwachs, Dieter W., Schrammel, Barbara, and Ambrosch, Gerd (eds.), General and applied Romani linguistics: Proceedings from the 6th International Conference on Romani Linguistics, 163–173. Munich: Lincom Europa.Google Scholar

Gallaher, Carolyn, Dahlman, Carl T., and Gilmartin, Mary. 2009. Key concepts in political geography. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar

Gandhi, K. L. 1984. The problem of official language in India. New Delhi: Arya Book Depot.Google Scholar

Gandhi, M. K. 1956. Thoughts on national language. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing.Google Scholar

Gates, Paul. 1971. The California Land Act of 1851. California Historical Quarterly 50: 395–430.Google Scholar

Gelb, I. J. 1952. A study of writing. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Gibbons, Ann. 2014. Dwindling African tribe may have been most populous group on planet. Science online. www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/12/dwindling-african-tribe-may-have-been-most-populous-group-planetGoogle Scholar

Goddard, Ives. 1984. Synonymy. In Damas, David (ed.), Arctic, vol. 5 of Sturtevant, William C. (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians, 5–7. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.Google Scholar

Goldwasser, Orly (2010). How the alphabet was born from hieroglyphs. Biblical Archaeology Review (Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society) 36(1).Google Scholar

Gouvernement du Québec. 2016. C-11 – Charter of the French language. Légis Québec. Québec: Les Publications du Québec. http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/C-11Google Scholar

Government of Canada. 2016. Official Languages Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. 31 (4th Supp.)). Justice Laws Website. http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/o-3.01/FullText.htmlGoogle Scholar

Graddol, David, Leith, Dick, Swann, Joan, Rhys, Martin, and Gillen, Julia (eds.). Changing English. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Grenersen, Geir. 2012. What is a document institution? A case study from the South Sámi community. Journal of Documentation 68: 127–133.Google Scholar

Groff, Cynthia. 2007. Status and acquisition planning and linguistic minorities in India. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics 22: 15–41.Google Scholar

Groszkowski, Jakub, and Bocian, Mariusz. 2009. The Slovak–Hungarian dispute over Slovakia’s language law. OSW Commentary (Issue 30). Warsaw: Centre for Eastern Studies. www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?id=110682&lng=enGoogle Scholar

Hancock, Ian. 2007a. Issues in the standardization of the Romani language: An overview and some recommendations. RADOC. www.radoc.net/radoc.php?doc=art_c_language_recommendations&lang=en&articles=trueGoogle Scholar

Hancock, Ian 2007b. On Romani origins and identity. RADOC. www.radoc.net/radoc.php?doc=art_b_history_origins&lang=en&articles=trueGoogle Scholar

Hanihara, Kazuro. 1991. Dual structure model for the population history of the Japanese. Japan Review 2: 1–33Google Scholar

Harris, John F. 1996. US bilingual education funds ruled out for Ebonics speakers. Washington Post, December 25. www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/admin/stories/riley122596.htmGoogle Scholar

Harris, Roy, and Taylor, Talbot. 1989. Landmarks in linguistic thought: The Western tradition from Socrates to Saussure. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Hassanpour, Amir. 1992. Nationalism and language in Kurdistan, 1918–1985. San Francisco: Mellen Research University Press.Google Scholar

Hassanpour, Amir 1999. Language rights in the emerging world linguistic order: The state, the market, and communication technologies. In Kontra, Miklós, Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, and Várady, Tibor (eds.), Language: A right and a resource. Approaching linguistic human rights, 223‒241. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press.Google Scholar

Hatori, Reiko. 2005. Policy on language education in Japan: Beyond nationalism and linguicism. Second Language Studies 23(2): 45–69. Manoa, HI: Department of Second Language Studies, University of Hawai’i. www.hawaii.edu/sls/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/6-Hatori-Reiko.pdfGoogle Scholar

Hattori, Shiso. 1964. Ainugo hōgen jiten [Ainu dialect dictionary]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.Google Scholar

Hattori, Shiso 1976. Ryūkyuu hōgen to hondo hōgen. Okinawagaku no reimei, 7–55. Tokyo: Okinawa Bunka Kyōkai.Google Scholar

Heese, Hans F. A. 2011. Cape melting pot: The role and status of the mixed population at the Cape 1652–1795, trans. Robertson, Delia A.. Johannesburg: D. A. Robertson. (First published in 1985 as Groep sonder grense: Die rol en status van die gemengde bevolking aan die Kaap, 1652–1795.)Google Scholar

Heinrich, Patrick. 2004. Language planning and language ideology in the Ryūkyū Islands. Language Policy 3(2): 153–179.Google Scholar

Heinrich, Patrick 2005. Language loss and language revitalization in the Ryūkyū Islands. Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 3(11). www.japanfocus.org/-Patrick-Heinrich/1596Google Scholar

Hill, Jane. 2002. Expert rhetorics in advocacy for endangered languages: Who is listening, and what do they hear? Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 12: 119–133.Google Scholar

History.com Staff 2010. US immigration since 1965. www.history.com/topics/us-immigration-since-1965Google Scholar

Hockett, Charles F. 1960. The origins of speech. Scientific American 203: 88–96.Google Scholar

Hoffman, Michael. 2009. The long road to identity. Japan Times, October 11. www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20091011x2.htmlGoogle Scholar

Holmberg, Gunnar. 2010. Japanese, Austronesian, and Altaic: A study of possible connections. Bachelor’s thesis, Lund University.Google Scholar

Hopper, Paul. 1998. Emergent grammar. In Tomasello, Michael (ed.), The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional approaches to language structure. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Hurley, Meghan. 2016. Lemonade in both languages: NCC grants kids permit for stand, with conditions. Ottawa Citizen. http://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/lemonade-in-both-official-languages-ncc-grants-permit-for-stand-to-kid-with-conditionsGoogle Scholar

Huysmanns, M. Camille. 1930. The Flemish question. Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs 9(5): 680–690.Google Scholar

Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (No. 169) (International Labour Organization 1989). www.ilo.org/global/topics/indigenous-tribal/lang–en/index.htmGoogle Scholar

Institutul Naţional de Statistică. 2011. Rezultate definitive ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi al Locuinţelor [The definitive results of the Population and Housing Census]. Romania.Google Scholar

Irish, Ann B. 2009. Hokkaido: A history of ethnic transition and development on Japan’s Northern Island. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company.Google Scholar

Ishikida, Miki Y. 2005. Living together: Minority people and disadvantaged groups in Japan. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse. www.iuniverse.com/bookstore/BookDetail.aspx?BookId=SKU-000027958Google Scholar

Jaszi, Oscar. 1929. The dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Johnstone, Paula Lightening Woman. 1998. Hair raising – a spiritual journey. Manataka American Indian Council. www.manataka.org/page1936.htmlGoogle Scholar

Joseph, John E. 2000. Limiting the arbitrary: Linguistic naturalism and its opposites in Plato’s Cratylus and modern theories of grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar

Joseph, John E. 2002. From Whitney to Chomsky: Essays in the history of American linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar

Joseph, John E. 2004. Language and identity: National, ethnic, religious. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Julku, Kyösti. 2002. The European origin of the Finns and their relation to the Indo-Europeans. Mankind Quarterly 43: 177–212.Google Scholar

Kamwangamalu, Nkonko M. 2009. South African Englishes. In Kachru, Braj, Kachru, Yamuna, and Nelson, Cecil. The handbook of world Englishes, 158–171. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar

Kaplan, Lawrence. 2003. Inuit snow terms: How many and what does it mean? In Trudel, François (ed.), Building capacity in Arctic societies: Dynamics and shifting perspectives. Proceedings from the 2nd IPSSAS Seminar. Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada: May 26 – June 6, 2003. Montreal: CIÉRA – Faculté des sciences sociales Université Laval.Google Scholar

Karady, Victor. 2002. Symbolic nation-building in a multi-ethnic society: The case of surname nationalization in Hungary. In Zuckermann, Moshe (ed.), Ethnizität, Moderne und Enttraditionalisierung: Tel Aviver Jahrbuch für deutsche Geschichte [Ethnicity, modernity and detraditionalization. Tel Aviv Yearbook of German History], 81–103. Göttingen: Wallenstein Verlag.Google Scholar

Kaschula, Russell H. 2015. Tower of Babel: Challenges of multilingualism in South African education. Lecture delivered at the University of South Carolina. October.Google Scholar

Pintyanthi, Kaurna Warra. 2016. University of Adelaide. www.adelaide.edu.au/kwp/Google Scholar

Kenesei, Istvan, Vago, Robert M., and Fenyvesi, Anna. 1998. Hungarian. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Kindaichi, Kyōsuke. 1937. Kokugo to Ainugo to no kankei [Relationship between Japanese and Ainu]. Reprinted in Kindaichi. 1960. Ainugo kenkyū. Kindaichi Kyōsuke senshū, vol. 1. Tokyo: Sanseidō.Google Scholar

Kloss, Heinz. 1977. The American bilingual tradition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar

Kontra, Miklós. 1995/1996. English only’s cousin: Slovak only. Acta Linguistica Hungarica 43: 345–372.Google Scholar

Kontra, Miklós 1997. On the right to use the language of one’s choice in Slovakia. Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights Bulletin 4(1): 5–8.Google Scholar

Kontra, Miklós 1998. Language rights arguments in Central Europe and the USA: How similar are they? In Kibbee, Douglas A. (ed.), Language legislation and linguistic rights, 142‒178. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar

Kontra, Miklós 1999. “Don’t speak Hungarian in public!” A documentation and analysis of folk linguistic rights. In Kontra, Miklós, Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, and Várady, Tibor (eds.), Language: A right and a resource: Approaching linguistic human rights, 81–97. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press.Google Scholar

Kontra, Miklós 2009. Szilágyi’s Bill: The viability of universal language rights. privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/lhr/KontraSzilagyisBill.pdfGoogle Scholar

Kopf, Dan. 2016. The Great Migration: The African American exodus from the South. Priceonomics. http://priceonomics.com/the-great-migration-the-african-american-exodus/Google Scholar

Michael, Krauss. 1992. The world’s languages in crisis. Language 68: 1–42.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, Philip, and Sperl, Stefan (eds.). 1992. The Kurds: A contemporary overview. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Krouleck, Alison. 2016. How climate change threatens endangered languages and cultures. k-international. www.k-international.com/blog/climate-change-and-endangered-languages/Google Scholar

Kumaramangalam, S. Mohan. 1965. India’s language crisis. Madras: New Century Book House Ltd.Google Scholar

Kurdish Academy of Language. The history of the Kurdish language. www.kurdishacademy.org/?q=node/37Google Scholar

Kyuchukov, Hristo. 2009. The importance of Romani language in the cognitive development of Roma children. 17th International Steering Committee Meeting (Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005–2015). September 22–23. Spisska Nova Ves, Slovakia.Google Scholar

Labov, William. 1970. The logic of nonstandard English. Champaign, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.Google Scholar

Ladefoged, Peter. 1992. Another view of endangered languages. Language 68: 809–811.Google Scholar

Lamar, Lucius Q. C. 1886. Annual report of the Secretary of the Interior. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar

Landes, David. 2009. Tax agency rejects Swedes’ Michael Jackson naming tribute. The Local: Sweden’s News in English. July 29. www.thelocal.se/20090929/20966Google Scholar

Language Files, 11th edn. 2011. The Ohio State University Press.Google Scholar

Leach, Anna, and Warnes, Sophie 2015. Welsh speaking has only declined by 1% in four hundred years. Daily Mirror. www.mirror.co.uk/news/ampp3d/welsh-speaking-only-declined-1–5090082Google Scholar

Lee, Wal-sun. 1999. Zainichi chōsenjin no minzoku kyōiku. In Paku, Chonmyon (ed.), Zainichi chōsenjin: Rekishi, genjō, tenbō, 135–173. Tokyo: Akashi Shoten.Google Scholar

Leibowitz, Arnold H. 1969–1970. English literacy: Legal sanction for discrimination Notre Dame Lawyer 45: 7–67Google Scholar

Leibowitz, Arnold H. 1971. Educational policy and political acceptance: The imposition of English as the language of instruction in American schools. Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse for Linguistics, Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar

Leith, Dick, Graddol, David, and Jackson, Liz. 2007. Modernity and English as a national language. In Graddol, David, Leith, Dick, Swann, Joan, Rhys, Martin, and Gillen, Julia (eds.), Changing English, 79–116. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Lewis, M. Paul, Simons, Gary F., and Fennig, Charles D. (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the world, 19th edn. Dallas, TX: SIL International. Online version: www.ethnologue.comGoogle Scholar

Lewis, Saunders. 1962. Tynged yr iaith [The fate of the language]. BBC radio lecture. Translation into English by G. Aled Williams. https://morris.cymru/testun/saunders-lewis-fate-of-the-language.htmlGoogle Scholar

Liberman, Anatoly. 2008. An analytic dictionary of the English Etymology. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar

Library of Congress. Classroom resources: Immigration. www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/immigration/cuban3.htmlGoogle Scholar

Lillian Goldman Law Library. 2008. Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898. The Avalon Project: Documents in law, history, and diplomacy [Source: A Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain, US Congress, 55th Cong., 3d sess., Senate Doc. No. 62, Part 1 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1899), 5–11.]. New Haven: Yale University. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/sp1898.aspGoogle Scholar

Linguistic Society of America Statement on Language Rights. 1996. www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/lsa-stmt-language-rights.pdfGoogle Scholar

Linteau, Paul-André. 2006. Québec since confederation. The Canadian encyclopedia. Toronto: Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quebec-since-confederation/Google Scholar

Loomis, Charles Battell. 1917. A book of American humorous verse. New York: Duffield & Company.Google Scholar

Lord, Nancy. 1998. Native tongues. In Clark, Virginia, Eschholz, Paul, and Rosa, Alfred (eds.). Language: Readings in language and culture, 19–25 (chapter 3). New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar

Louw, P. Eric. 1992. Language and national unity in a post-apartheid South Africa. Critical Arts: A Journal of Media Studies 6(1): 52–60.Google Scholar

Lyon, Philip W. 2008. After empire: Ethnic Germans and minority nationalism in interwar Yugoslavia. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland.Google Scholar

Macdonald, David Bruce. 2013. Balkan holocausts? Serbian and Croatian victim-centred propaganda and the war in Yugoslavia (New Approaches to Conflict Analysis). Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Macías, Reynaldo F. 2001. Minority languages in the United States, with a focus on Spanish in California. In Gorter, Dürk and Extra, Guus (eds.), The other languages of Europe, 331–354. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar

MacMaster, John Bach. 1921. A history of the people of the United States from the Revolution to the Civil War, vol. III: 1803–1812. New York: D. Appleton and Company.Google Scholar

Magga, Ole Henrik. 1994. The Sami Language Act. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove and Phillipson, Robert (eds.), Linguistic human rights: Overcoming linguistic discrimination, 219–233. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar

Magocsi, Paul Robert. 1993. Historical Atlas of East Central Europe. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar

Manning, Patrick. 1992. The slave trade: The formal demographics of a global system. In Inikori, Joseph E. and Engerman, Stanley L. (eds.), The Atlantic slave trade: Effects on economies, societies, and peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe, 117–144. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar

Martin, Laura. 1988. “Eskimo words for snow”: A case study in the genesis and decay of an anthropological example. Americn Anthropologist 88: 418–423.Google Scholar

Maruyama, Hiroshi. 2012. Ainu landowners’ struggle for justice and the illegitimacy of the Nibutani Dam project in Hokkaido Japan. International Community Law Review 14: 63–80.Google Scholar

Matisoff, James A. 1991. Endangered languages of mainland Southeast Asia. In Robins, R. H. and Uhlenbeck, E. M. (eds.), Endangered languages. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar

Matras, Yaron. 2005. The status of Romani in Europe. Report submitted to the Council of Europe’s Language Policy Division, October. http://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/downloads/1/statusofromani.pdfGoogle Scholar

Matras, Yaron 2015. Romani Linguistics Website. Manchester Romani Project. University of Manchester. http://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/index.shtmlGoogle Scholar

May, Stephen. 2001. Language and minority rights: Ethnicity, nationalism and the politics of language. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar

May, Stephen 2005. Language rights: Moving the debate forward. Journal of Sociolinguistics 9: 319–347.Google Scholar

May, Stephen 2011. Language rights: The “Cinderella” human right. Journal of Human Rights 10: 265–289.Google Scholar

May, Stephen 2012. Language and minority rights: Ethnicity, nationalism, and the politics of language. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar

McRae, Kenneth Douglas. 1986. Conflict and compromise in multilingual societies, vol. 2: Belgium, 3rd edn. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.Google Scholar

McWhorter, John. 2009. The cosmopolitan tongue: The universality of English. World Affairs Journal, Fall. www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/cosmopolitan-tongue-universality-englishGoogle Scholar

Mendizabal, Isabel, et al. 2012. Reconstructing the population history of European Romani from genome-wide data. Current Biology 22(24): 2342–2349.Google Scholar

Mercer, Phil. 2013. Lost indigenous language revived in Australia. BBC News, January 22. www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-20066624Google Scholar

Meriam, Lewis, Brown, Roy A., Cloud, Henry Roe, Dale, Edward Everett, Duke, Emma, Edwards, Herbert R., McKenzie, Fayette Avery, Mark, Mary Louise, Ryan, W. Carson, and Spillman, William J.. 1928. The problem of Indian administration. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Mesthrie, Rajend. 2002. South Africa: A sociolinguistic overview. In Mesthrie, Rajend (ed.), Language in South Africa, 11–26. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Miller, Roy Andrew. 1971. Japanese and the other Altaic languages. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Miller, Roy Andrew 1974. The origins of Japanese: Review of Murayama Shichiro and Obayashi Taryo. Nihongo no Kigen. Monumenta Nipponica 29(1): 93–102.Google Scholar

Minde, Henry. (2003). Assimilation of the Sami: implementation and consequences. Acta Borealia: A Nordic Journal of Circumpolar Societies 20: 121–146.Google Scholar

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 1999. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (First and Second Report). www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human/race_rep1/]Google Scholar

Mnookin, Robert, and Verbeke, Alain. 2009. Persistent nonviolent conflict with no reconciliation: The Flemish and Walloons in Belgium. Law and Contemporary Problems: Group-Conflict Resolution: Sources of Resistance to Reconciliation 72(2): 151–186.Google Scholar

Morgan, Marcyliena. 2002. The African American speech community: Culture, language ideology, and social face. In Language, discourse, and power in African American culture, 10–29. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the world’s languages in danger, 3rd edn. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. Online version: www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlasGoogle Scholar

Mufwene, Saliko S. 2002. Colonization, globalization and the plight of “weak” languages. Journal of Linguistics 38: 530–555.Google Scholar

Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1996. Linguistic ecology: Language change and linguistic imperialism in the Pacific region. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Muniz-Arguelles, Luis. 1988. The status of languages in Puerto Rico. University of Puerto Rico. http://muniz-arguelles.com/resources/The+status+of+languages+in+Puerto+Rico.pdfGoogle Scholar

Murazumi, Mie. 2000. Japan’s laws on dual nationality in the context of a globalized world. Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal 9(2): 415–443.Google Scholar

Myhill, John. 2006. Language, religion and national identity in Europe and the Middle East. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar

National Geographic Society 2011. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/06/pictures/110627-new-species-rare-animals-papua-new-guinea-wwf/Google Scholar

Nebez, Jemal. 2000. The Kurdish language from oral tradition to written language. Kurdish Academy of Language. www.kurdishacademy.org/?q=node/135Google Scholar

Nettle, Daniel, and Romaine, Suzanne. 2000. Vanishing voices: The extinction of the world’s languages. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

New, William. 2014. Regulating Roma Language and Culture in Central Europe. Journal of Language and Cultural Education (JoLaCE) 2(2): 165–181. www.academia.edu/7262547/Journal_of_Language_and_Cultural_Education_-_2014_2_a_complete_issue_Google Scholar

Nishimura, Hiroko. 2001. Hōgen kinshi kara hōgen sonkei e, soshite hōgen keishō e. [From dialect prohibition to dialect esteem, and then to dialect inheritance.] Kotoba to shakai [Language and Society] 5: 164–184.Google Scholar

Niskanen, Markku. 2002. The origin of the Baltic-Finns. Mankind Quarterly 43: 121–153.Google Scholar

Official Language Act (No. 33 of 1956). Sri Lanka Consolidated Acts. Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. Australasian Legal Information Institute. www.commonlii.org/lk/legis/num_act/ola33o1956180/Google Scholar

O’Dwyer, Conor. 2008. Runaway state-building: Patronage politics and democratic development. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

O’Neill, Michael. 2000. Belgium: Language, ethnicity and nationality. Parliamentary Affairs 53(1): 114–134.Google Scholar

O’Sullivan, John L. 1845. Annexation. The United States Democratic Review 17(5): 5–10.Google Scholar

Özkaragöz, İnci. 1986. The relational structure of Turkish syntax. PhD dissertation, University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar

Panico, Christopher. 1999. Turkey: Violations of free expression in Turkey. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar

Parliament of Sri Lanka. 2013. 1978 Constitution. www.parliament.lk/constitution/1978-constitutionGoogle Scholar

Park, Ju-min. 2009. Korea scripts and Indonesian tribe’s survival. Los Angeles Times, December 27. http://articles.latimes.com/2009/dec/27/world/la-fg-korea-alphabet27-2009dec27Google Scholar

Patrick, Peter. 2007. Linguistic human rights: A sociolinguistic introduction. privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/lhr/lhrlingperspex.htmGoogle Scholar

Pawb, Iaith. 2003. A national action plan for a bilingual Wales. Cardiff: Welsh Government Publications. http://gov.wales/topics/welshlanguage/publications/iaithpawb/?lang=enGoogle Scholar

PBS. 2006. The Gold Rush. American Experience. www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/goldrush/peopleevents/e_goldrush.htmlGoogle Scholar

Peace, Hannah. 2009. Linguistic analysis of internet language as used in World of Warcraft. Honors thesis, University of South Carolina.Google Scholar

Perez, Cris. 1982. Ranchos. Excerpted from Grants of land in California made by Spanish or Mexican authorities. California State Lands Commission report. http://vm136.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/rancho.htmlGoogle Scholar

Pew Research Center. 2015. Hispanics of Puerto Rican origin in the United States, 2013. Hispanic Trends. www.pewhispanic.org/2015/09/15/hispanics-of-puerto-rican-origin-in-the-united-states-2013/Google Scholar

Phillipson, Robert, and Tove, Skutnabb-Kangas. 1995. Linguistic rights and wrongs. Applied Linguistics 16: 438–504.Google Scholar

Pieris, Paulus Edward. 1918. Ceylon and the Hollanders, 1658–1796. Tellippalai, Ceylon: American Ceylon Mission Press.Google Scholar

Pieris, Paulus Edward 1920. Ceylon and the Portuguese, 1505–1658. Tellippalai, Ceylon: American Ceylon Mission Press.Google Scholar

Poplack, Shana (ed.). 2000. The English history of African American Vernacular English. Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Powell, M. A. 1981. Three problems in the history of cuneiform writing: Origins, direction of script, literacy. Visible Language 15: 419–440.Google Scholar

Pratt, Richard H. 1964. Battlefield and classroom: Four decades with the American Indian, 1867–1904. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Presidential Secretariat of Sri Lanka. 2008. Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Policy Research and Information Unit. www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/AMENDMENTS.html#Thirteenth AmendmentGoogle Scholar

Preston, Dennis. 1989. Perceptual dialectology. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar

Preston, Dennis, and Robinson, Gregory. 2005. Dialect perception and attitudes to variation. In Ball, Martin (ed.), Clinical sociolinguistics, 133–149. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

ProEnglish. 2015. https://proenglish.orgGoogle Scholar

Pukui, Mary Kawena, Haertig, E. W., and Lee, Catherine A.. 1972. Nānā i ke kumu [Look to the source], vol. 1. Honolulu: Hui Hanai.Google Scholar

Pullum, Geoffrey K. 1990. Constraints on intransitive quasi-serial verb constructions in Modern Colloquial English. Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics 39: 218–239.Google Scholar

Pullum, Geoffrey K. 1991. The great Eskimo vocabulary hoax and other irreverent essays on the study of language. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Pullum, Geoffrey K. 1997. The language that dare not speak its name. Nature 386: 321–322.Google Scholar

Pullum, Geoffrey K. 2011. Pronoun agreement out the window. Lingua Franca: The Chronicle of Higher Education. December 16. http://chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/2011/12/16/pronoun-agreement-out-the-window/Google Scholar

Purnell, Thomas, Idsardi, William, and Baugh, John. 1999. Perceptual and phonetic experiments on American English dialect identification. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 18: 10–30.Google Scholar

Quebec Community Groups Network (QCGN). 2016. http://qcgn.ca/us/Google Scholar

Quinn, George. 2001. The learner’s dictionary of today’s Indonesian. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar

Radford, Andrew, et al. 2009. Linguistics: An introduction. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Reid, T. R. 2001. Reviving dying language is great Welsh success story. Seattle Times. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20010822&slug=wales22Google Scholar

Rice, Keren. 2009. Must there be two solitudes? Language activists and linguists working together. In Reyhner, Jon and Lockard, Louise (eds.), Indigenous language revitalization: Encouragement, guidance and lessons learned. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University College of Education.Google Scholar

Robbeets, Martine I. 2005. Is Japanese related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic? Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Romaine, Suzanne. 1994. From the fish’s point of view. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 110: 177‒185.Google Scholar

Romney, Lee. 2013. Revival of nearly extinct Yurok language is a success story. Los Angeles Times, February 6. http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/06/local/la-me-yurok-language-20130207Google Scholar

Ruppel, Kristin T. 2008. Unearthing Indian land: Living with the legacies of allotment. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar

Sajantila, A., Lahermo, P., Anttinen, T., Lukka, M., Sistonen, P., Savontaus, M. L, Aula, P., Beckman, L., Tranebjaerg, L., Gedde-Dahl, T., Issel-Tarver, L., DiRienzo, A., and Pääbo, S., 1995. Genes and languages in Europe: An analysis of mitochondrial lineages. Genome Research 5:42–52.Google Scholar

Sampson, Geoffrey. 1985. Writing systems: A linguistic introduction. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Samuel, Henry. 2001. France’s Académie française battles to protect language from English. The Telegraph. www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/8820304/Frances-Academie-francaise-battles-to-protect-language-from-English.htmlGoogle Scholar

Sanders, Seth L. 2004. What was the alphabet for? The rise of written vernaculars and the making of Israelite national literature. Maarav 11: 25–56.Google Scholar

Sandvik, Gudmund. 1993. Non-existent Sámi language rights in Norway 1850–1940. In Vilfan, Sergij (ed.), Comparative studies on governments and nondominant ethnic groups in Europe, 1850–1940, vol. 3: Ethnic groups and language rights, 129–150. New York: NYU Press.Google Scholar

Sapir, Edward. 1921. Language. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.Google Scholar

Sapir, Edward 1927. Speech as a personality trait. American Journal of Sociology 32: 892–905.Google Scholar

Sapir, Edward 1929. The status of linguistics as a science. Language 5(4): 207–14.Google Scholar

Sapir, Edward 1933. Language. Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences 9: 155–169.Google Scholar

Sapir, Edward 1949. The psychological reality of phonemes. In Mandelbaum, David G., Selected writings of Edward Sapir in language, culture and personality, 46–60. Berkeley: University of California Press [originally published in French as “La réalité psychologique des phonèmes.” Journal de Psychologie Normale et Pathologique 30 (1933): 247–265].Google Scholar

SB-1174. 2014. English language education. California State Legislative Information. http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1174Google Scholar

Schiffman, Harold F. 1982. Review of Language and linguistic area: Essays by Murray B. Emeneau, selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil (1980). Language 58: 185–193.Google Scholar

Schmandt-Besserat, Denise. 1979. Reckoning before writing. Archaeology 32(2): 22–31.Google Scholar

Schwegler, Brian A. 2008. Confronting the devil: Europe, nationalism, and municipal governance in Slovakia. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago.Google Scholar

Scott, Brian M., and Mittleman, Joshua. 1999. A brief introduction to medieval bynames. www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/bynames/Google Scholar

Seeley, Christopher. 1991. A history of writing in Japan. Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.Google Scholar

Seton-Watson, Hugh. 1977. Nations and states: An enquiry into the origins of nations and the politics of nationalism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar

Shibatani, Masayoshi. 1990. The languages of Japan. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Shoji, Shinichi. 2016. The repeated name penalty and overt pronoun penalty in Japanese. PhD dissertation, University of South Carolina.Google Scholar

Shousterman, Cara, Baez, Ayeska, Holliday, Nicole, and Blake, Renée (African American English blog team). 2009. The origins of AAE. Word: The Online Journal on African American English. https://africanamericanenglish.com/2009/04/16/the-origins-of-aae/Google Scholar

Siddle, Richard. 1996. Race, resistance and the Ainu of Japan. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Simpson, Jane. 2006. Sovereignty over languages and land. Posted on Transient Languages and Cultures. http://blogs.usyd.edu.au/elac/2006/11/sovereignty_over_languages_and_1.html.Google Scholar

Site for Language Management in Canada (SLMC). 2016a. Canada at the Time of New France. University of Ottawa. https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=canada_new_franceGoogle Scholar

Site for Language Management in Canada (SLMC) 2016b. The Constitution Act of 1867 and the Language Question. University of Ottawa. https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=bnaa_linguistic_questionGoogle Scholar

Site for Language Management in Canada (SLMC) 2016c. The Québec Act of 1774 and Tentative Linguistic Duality. University of Ottawa. https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=quebec_act_1774Google Scholar

Site for Language Management in Canada (SLMC) 2016d. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 and the Use of Languages. University of Ottawa. https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=canada_new_franceGoogle Scholar

Sjöberg, Katarina. 1993. The return of the Ainu: Cultural mobilization and the practice of ethnicity in Japan. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.Google Scholar

Skura, Elyse, and Konek, Joran. 2016. Nunavut student allegedly punished for speaking Inuktitut, says MLA. CBC News, October 26. www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/no-inuktitut-school-policy-1.3821504?cmp=abfbGoogle Scholar

Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove. 2000 [2012]. Linguistic genocide in education – or worldwide diversity and human rights? Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum [2012 edn. published by Routledge].Google Scholar

Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 2012. Linguistic human rights. In Tiersma, Peter M. and Solan, Lawrence M. (eds.), Language and Law, 235‒247. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, and Bucak, Sertar. 1994. Killing a mother tongue: How the Kurds are deprived of linguistic human rights. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove and Phillipson, Robert (eds.), Linguistic human rights: Overcoming linguistic discrimination, 347–370. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar

Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Kontra, Miklos, and Phillipson, Robert. 2006. Getting linguistic human rights right: A trio response to Wee (2005). Applied Linguistics 27: 318–324.Google Scholar

Sneddon, James. 2003. The Indonesian language: Its history and role in modern society. Sydney: UNSW Press.Google Scholar

Spike Japan. Shiraoi: Where the first arrows of the last war fell. http://spikejapan.wordpress.com/spike-hokkaido-2/shiraoi-where-the-first-arrows-of-the-last-war-fell.Google Scholar

Statistics Canada. 2008. Census of 1665–1666. www.statcan.gc.ca/kits-trousses/jt2-eng.htmGoogle Scholar

Statistics Canada. 2016. Language highlight tables, 2011 Census. www12.statcan.gc.caGoogle Scholar

Sullivan, Raymond L. 1970. Castro v. State of California, 2 Cal.3d 223. http://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/castro-v-state-california-27547Google Scholar

Tanaka, Y. 2001. Kyoshu no “nihon” [The “Japan” of nostalgia]. Edge 12: 12–15.Google Scholar

Tattrie, Jon. 2014. Québec and Confederation. The Canadian encyclopedia. Toronto: Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quebec-and-confederation/Google Scholar

Tay, Leslie. 1971. Bilingual education in California. MA thesis, UCLA.Google Scholar

TESOL. 2005. Position paper on English-only legislation in the United States. www.tesol.org/docs/pdf/4162.pdfGoogle Scholar

Texas Historical Society. 2010. Census and census data. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ulc01Google Scholar

Thomas, Erik R., and Wassink, Alicia Beckford. 2010. Variation and identity in African-American English. In Llamas, Carmen and Watt, Dominic (eds.), Language and identities, 157–165. Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar

Thomas, Lorrin. 2015. Puerto Ricans in the United States. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. http://americanhistory.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-32Google Scholar

Trudgill, Peter. 2016. Dialect matters: Respecting vernacular language. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Tucker, James T. 2013. The battle over bilingual ballots: Language minorities and political access. Farnham, Surrey, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate.Google Scholar

Türköz, Meltem. 2007. Surname narratives and the state–society boundary: Memories of Turkey’s Family Name Law of 1934. Middle Eastern Studies 43: 893–908.Google Scholar

Turner, R. 1926. The position of Romani in Indo-Aryan. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society (3)4: 145–189.Google Scholar

Umeda, Sayuri. 2009. The education of non-native language speaking children: Japan. Report for the Law Library of Congress. www.loc.gov/law/help/non-native-education/japan.phpGoogle Scholar

Üngör, Uğur Ü. 2008. Seeing like a nation-state: Young Turk social engineering in Eastern Turkey. Journal of Genocide Research 10: 15–39.Google Scholar

UNESCO. 2005. Children out of school: Measuring exclusion from primary school. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.Google Scholar

UN Data http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=SOWC&f=inID%3A74Google Scholar

United Nations. 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/Google Scholar

United Nations 1959. United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child. www.un-documents.net/a14r1386.htmGoogle Scholar

United Nations 1966. UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspxGoogle Scholar

United Nations 1992. UN Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious or Linguistic Minorities. www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuideMinoritiesDeclarationen.pdfGoogle Scholar

United Nations 1996–2016. UN Human Rights. Office of the High Commissioner. www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspxGoogle Scholar

United Nations 2007. UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. http://undesadspd.org/IndigenousPeoples.aspxGoogle Scholar

United States Census Bureau. 2015. Hispanic or Latino origin by specific origin. American Fact Finder. Department of Congress. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_B03001&prodType=tableGoogle Scholar

United States Congress. 1917. An act to provide a civil government for Porto Rico, and for other purposes. 64th Congress, Session II, Chapter 145: 951–968. Statutes at Large, vol. 39 (1915–1917): 951–968. www.legisworks.org/congress/64/publaw-368.pdfGoogle Scholar

United States Congress. 1950. An Act to Provide for the Organization of a Constitutional Government by the People of Puerto Rico. 81st Congress, Session II, Chapter 446: 319–320. Statutes at Large, vol. 64 (1950–1951): 319–320. http://legisworks.org/congress/81/publaw-600.pdfGoogle Scholar

United States Congress 2015–2016. English Language Unity Act of 2015. www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/997/textGoogle Scholar

United States Government Publishing Office. 1965. Public Law 89–236 – October 3, 1965. www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-79/pdf/STATUTE-79-Pg911.pdfGoogle Scholar

United States Government Publishing Office 1986. Public Law 99–603 – November 6, 1986. www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-100/pdf/STATUTE-100-Pg3445.pdfGoogle Scholar

United States State Department. 2008. Country reports on human rights: Japan. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/eap/119041.htm.Google Scholar

United States State Department 2012. Belgium. www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/belgium/197865.htmGoogle Scholar

Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights. 1996. www.linguistic-declaration.org/index-gb.htmGoogle Scholar

Urciuoli, Bonnie. 1996. Exposing prejudice: Puerto Rican experiences of language, race, and class. Boulder, CO: Waveland Press.Google Scholar

U.S. English. 2016a. www.usenglish.orgGoogle Scholar

U.S. English 2016b. Puerto Rico: The 51st state? www.us-english.org/view/899Google Scholar

Vaux, Bert, and Golder, Scott. 2003. The Harvard Dialect Survey. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Linguistics Department.Google Scholar

Velez, Mandy. 2014. 10-year-old Icelandic girl denied a passport because her name is “Harriet.” Huffington Post. www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/icelandic-girl-denied-passport-because-her-name-harriet_n_5544326.htmlGoogle Scholar

Vos, Louis. 1993. Shifting nationalism: Belgians, Flemings and Walloons. In Teich, Mikulas and Porter, Roy (eds.), The national question in Europe in historical context, 128–147. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Vygotsky, Lev. 1962. Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Walker, Brett L. 2001. The conquest of Ainu lands: Ecology and culture in Japanese expansion, 1590–1800. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Wardyn, Łukasz, and Fiala, Jan. 2009. The 2009 amendment of the Slovakian state language law and its impact on minority rights. Polish Yearbook of International Law 29: 153–173.Google Scholar

Watts, Nicole F. 1999. Allies and enemies: Pro-Kurdish parties in Turkish politics, 1990–1994. International Journal of Middle East Studies 31: 631–656.Google Scholar

Wee, Lionel. 2005. Intra-language discrimination and linguistic human rights: The case of Singlish. Applied Linguistics 26: 48–69.Google Scholar

Wee, Lionel 2011. Language without rights. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Weinreich, Max. 1945. Der YIVO un di problemen fun undzer tsayt [The YIVO faces the post-war world]. YIVO Bleter 25: 3–18. http://download.hebrewbooks.org/downloadhandler.ashx?req=43629Google Scholar

Weldon, Tracey. 2000. Reflections on the Ebonics Controversy. American Speech 75: 275–277.Google Scholar

Welsh Government. 2015. Welsh language use survey 2013–15. http://gov.wales/statistics-and-research/welsh-language-use-survey/?lang=enGoogle Scholar

WGBH Educational Foundation. 1995–2014. Hunting bin Laden. Frontline. www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/family.htmlGoogle Scholar

Whorf, Benjamin Lee. 1940a. Linguistics as an exact science. Technology Review 43: 61–63, 80–83. Reprinted in Carroll (ed.) 1956: 220–232.Google Scholar

Whorf, Benjamin Lee 1940b. Science and linguistics. Technology Review 42: 229–231, 247–248. Reprinted in Carroll (ed.) 1956: 207–219.Google Scholar

Wilkerson, Isabel. 2010. The warmth of other suns: The epic story of America’s Great Migration. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Williams, Colin H. 2009. Commentary: The primacy of renewal. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 195: 201–217.Google Scholar

Williams, Joseph M. 1975. Origins of the English language: A social and linguistic history. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Woodbury, Anthony. 1991. Counting Eskimo words for snow: A citizen’s guide. http://linguistlist.org/issues/5/5–1239.htmlGoogle Scholar

Woodbury, Anthony No date. What is an endangered language? (pamphlet). Linguistic Society of America. www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/Endangered_Languages.pdfGoogle Scholar

Worland, Justin. 2015. Meet the president trying to save his island nation from climate change. Time, October 9. http://time.com/4058851/kiribati-climate-change/Google Scholar

Wolfram, Walt. 1998. Language ideology and dialect: Understanding the Oakland Ebonics controversy. Journal of English Linguistics 26(2): 108–121.Google Scholar

Wolfram, Walt, and Schilling, Natalie. 2015. American English: Dialects and variation, 3rd edn. Malden, MA, and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar

Wyloge, Evan. 2009. Immigration amnesty in the 1980s. Arizona State University News21. http://asu.news21.com/archive/2009/immigration_amnesty_in_the_1980s/Google Scholar

Zaken, Mordechai. 2007. Jewish subjects and their tribal cheiftans in Kurdistan: A study in survival. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Zvelebil, Kamil Václav. 1990. Dravidian linguistics: An introduction. Pondicherry: Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture.Google Scholar