Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-09T03:56:13.863Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

15 - Effects of Anaesthesia on Thermoregulation

from Section 2 - Targeting Effects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2019

Pedro L. Gambús
Affiliation:
Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain
Jan F. A. Hendrickx
Affiliation:
Aalst General Hospital, Belgium
Get access

Summary

The ability of the human body to maintain normothermia via physiological reactions or behavioural changes to vastly different climatic circumstances is an evolutionarily well preserved mechanism. It is a key feature that has allowed humans to adapt to changing environmental conditions, enabling Homo sapiens worldwide evolutionary success and distribution. Humans possess a homeothermic thermoregulatory system, and all enzymatic processes in the human body are optimized to work within a tightly regulated so-called ‘normothermic’ temperature range [1].

Type
Chapter
Information
Personalized Anaesthesia
Targeting Physiological Systems for Optimal Effect
, pp. 222 - 237
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Lopez, M, Sessler, DI, Walter, K, Emerick, T, Ozaki, M: Rate and gender dependence of the sweating, vasoconstriction, and shivering thresholds in humans. Anesthesiology. 1994; 80: 780–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torossian, A: TEMMP Study Group. Survey on intraoperative temperature management in Europe. Eur.J.Anaesthesiol. 2007; 24: 668–75.Google Scholar
Smith, JJ, Bland, SA, Mullett, S: Temperature – the forgotten vital sign. Accid.Emerg.Nurs. 2005; 13: 247–50.Google Scholar
Sawka, MN, Latzka, WA, Matott, RP, Montain, SJ: Hydration effects on temperature regulation. Int.J.Sports.Med. 1998; 19 Suppl 2: S108–10.Google Scholar
Lenhardt, R, Sessler, DI: Estimation of mean body temperature from mean skin and core temperature. Anesthesiology. 2006; 105: 1117–21.Google Scholar
Tayefeh, F, Plattner, O, Sessler, DI, Ikeda, T, Marder, D: Circadian changes in the sweating-to-vasoconstriction interthreshold range. Pflugers.Arch. 1998; 435: 402–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frank, SM, Raja, SN, Bulcao, CF, Goldstein, DS: Relative contribution of core and cutaneous temperatures to thermal comfort and autonomic responses in humans. J.Appl.Physiol. 1999; 86: 1588–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Marken Lichtenbelt, W: Brown adipose tissue and the regulation of nonshivering thermogenesis. Curr.Opin.Clin.Nutr.Metab.Care. 2012; 15: 547–52.Google Scholar
De Witte, J, Sessler, DI: Perioperative shivering: physiology and pharmacology. Anesthesiology. 2002; 96: 467–84.Google Scholar
Matsukawa, T, Kurz, A, Sessler, DI, Bjorksten, AR, Merrifield, B, Cheng, C: Propofol linearly reduces the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesthesiology. 1995; 82: 1169–80.Google Scholar
Ikeda, T, Kurz, A, Sessler, DI, et al: The effect of opioids on thermoregulatory responses in humans and the special antishivering action of meperidine. Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. 1997; 813: 792–8.Google Scholar
Annadata, R, Sessler, DI, Tayefeh, F, Kurz, A, Dechert, M: Desflurane slightly increases the sweating threshold but produces marked, nonlinear decreases in the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesthesiology. 1995; 83: 1205–11.Google Scholar
Xiong, J, Kurz, A, Sessler, DI, et al: Isoflurane produces marked and nonlinear decreases in the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesthesiology. 1996; 85: 240–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mekjavic, IB, Sundberg, CJ: Human temperature regulation during narcosis induced by inhalation of 30% nitrous oxide. J.Appl.Physiol. 1992; 73: 2246–54.Google Scholar
Kurz, A, Sessler, DI, Annadata, R, Dechert, M, Christensen, R, Bjorksten, AR: Midazolam minimally impairs thermoregulatory control. Anesth.Analg. 1995; 81: 393–8.Google Scholar
Cornett, PM, Matta, JA, Ahern, GP: General anesthetics sensitize the capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential V1. Mol.Pharmacol. 2008; 74: 1261–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurz, A, Ikeda, T, Sessler, DI, et al: Meperidine decreases the shivering threshold twice as much as the vasoconstriction threshold. Anesthesiology. 1997; 86: 1046–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurz, A, Go, JC, Sessler, DI, Kaer, K, Larson, MD, Bjorksten, AR: Alfentanil slightly increases the sweating threshold and markedly reduces the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesthesiology. 1995; 83: 293–9.Google Scholar
Leslie, K, Sessler, DI: Reduction in the shivering threshold is proportional to spinal block height. Anesthesiology. 1996; 84: 1327–31.Google Scholar
Kim, JS, Ikeda, T, Sessler, DI, Turakhia, M, Jeffrey, R: Epidural anesthesia reduces the gain and maximum intensity of shivering. Anesthesiology. 1998; 88: 851–7.Google Scholar
Joris, J, Ozaki, M, Sessler, DI, et al: Epidural anesthesia impairs both central and peripheral thermoregulatory control during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1994; 80: 268–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emerick, TH, Ozaki, M, Sessler, DI, Walters, K, Schroeder, M: Epidural anesthesia increases apparent leg temperature and decreases the shivering threshold. Anesthesiology. 1994; 81: 289–98.Google Scholar
Doufas, AG, Morioka, N, Maghoub, AN, Mascha, E, Sessler, DI: Lower-body warming mimics the normal epidural-induced reduction in the shivering threshold. Anesth.Analg. 2008; 106: 252–6.Google Scholar
Arkiliç, CF, Akça, O, Taguchi, A, Sessler, DI, Kurz, A: Temperature monitoring and management during neuraxial anesthesia: an observational study. Anesth.Analg. 2000; 91: 662–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caldwell, JE, Heier, T, Wright, PM, et al: Temperature-dependent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vecuronium. Anesthesiology. 2000; 92: 8493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leslie, K, Sessler, DI, Bjorksten, AR, Moayeri, A: Mild hypothermia alters propofol pharmacokinetics and increases the duration of action of atracurium. Anesth.Analg. 1995; 80: 1007–14.Google Scholar
Lenhardt, R, Marker, E, Goll, V, et al: Mild intraoperative hypothermia prolongs postanesthetic recovery. Anesthesiology. 1997; 87: 1318–23.Google Scholar
Kurz, A, Sessler, DI, Narzt, E, et al: Postoperative hemodynamic and thermoregulatory consequences of intraoperative core hypothermia. J.Clin.Anesth. 1995; 7: 359–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Badjatia, N, Strongilis, E, Prescutti, M, et al: Metabolic benefits of surface counter warming during therapeutic temperature modulation. Crit.Care.Med. 2009; 37: 1893–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rajagopalan, S, Mascha, E, Na, J, Sessler, DI: The effects of mild perioperative hypothermia on blood loss and transfusion requirement. Anesthesiology. 2008; 108: 71–7.Google Scholar
Hohn, DC, MacKay, RD, Halliday, B, Hunt, TK: Effect of O2 tension on microbicidal function of leucocytes in wounds and in vitro. Surg.Forum. 1976; 27: 1820.Google Scholar
van Oss, CJ, Absolom, DR, Moore, LL, Park, BH, Humbert, JR: Effect of temperature on the chemotaxis, phagocytic engulfment, digestion and O2 consumption of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. J.Reticuloendothel.Soc. 1980; 27: 561–5.Google Scholar
Hunt, TK, Pai, MP: The effect of varying ambient oxygen tensions on wound metabolism and collagen synthesis. Surg.Gynecol.Obstet. 1972; 135: 561–7.Google Scholar
Kurz, A, Sessler, DI, Lenhardt, R: Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group. N.Engl.J.Med. 1996; 334: 1209–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melling, AC, Ali, B, Scott, EM, Leaper, DJ. Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of wound infection after clean surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2001; 358: 876–80.Google Scholar
Frank, SM, Higgins, MS, Breslow, MJ, et al: The catecholamine, cortisol, and hemodynamic responses to mild perioperative hypothermia. A randomized clinical trial. Anesthesiology. 1995; 82: 8393.Google Scholar
Frank, SM, Fleisher, LA, Breslow, MJ, et al: Perioperative maintenance of normothermia reduces the incidence of morbid cardiac events. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 1997; 277: 1127–34.Google Scholar
Alfonsi, P: Postanaesthetic shivering. Epidemiology, pathophysiology and approaches to prevention and management. Minerva.Anestesiol. 2003; 69: 438–42.Google Scholar
Crossley, AW, Mahajan, RP: The intensity of postoperative shivering is unrelated to axillary temperature. Anaesthesia. 1994; 49: 205–7.Google Scholar
Zwischenberger, JB, Kirsh, MM, Dechert, RE, Arnold, DK, Bartlett, RH: Suppression of shivering decreases oxygen consumption and improves hemodynamic stability during postoperative rewarming. Ann.Thorac.Surg. 1987; 43: 428–31.Google Scholar
Ralley, FE, Wynands, JE, Ramsay, JG, Carli, F, MacSullivan, R: The effects of shivering on oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in patients rewarming from hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Can.J.Anaesth. 1988; 35: 332–7.Google Scholar
Pauca, AL, Savage, RT, Simpson, S, Roy, RC: Effect of pethidine, fentanyl and morphine on post-operative shivering in man. Acta.Anaesthesiol. Scand. 1984; 28: 138–43.Google Scholar
Delaunay, L, Bonnet, F, Liu, N, Beydon, L, Catoire, P, Sessler, DI: Clonidine comparably decreases the thermoregulatory thresholds for vasoconstriction and shivering in humans. Anesthesiology. 1993; 79: 470–4.Google Scholar
Panneer, M, Murugaiyan, P, Rao, SV: A comparative study of intravenous dexmedetomidine and intravenous clonidine for postspinal shivering in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Anesth.Essays.Res. 2017; 11: 151–4.Google Scholar
Dal, D, Kose, A, Honca, M, Akinci, SB, Basgul, E, Aypar, U: Efficacy of prophylactic ketamine in preventing postoperative shivering. Br.J.Anaesth. 2005; 95: 189–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alfonsi, P, Adam, F, Passard, A, Guignard, B, Sessler, DI, Chauvin, M: Nefopam, a nonsedative benzoxazocine analgesic, selectively reduces the shivering threshold in unanesthetized subjects. Anesthesiology. 2004; 100: 3743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wadhwa, A, Sengupta, P, Durrani, J, et al: Magnesium sulphate only slightly reduces the shivering threshold in humans. Br.J.Anaesth. 2005; 94: 756–62.Google Scholar
Komatsu, R, Sengupta, P, Cherynak, G, et al: Doxapram only slightly reduces the shivering threshold in healthy volunteers. Anesth.Analg. 2005; 101: 1368–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Komatsu, R, Orhan-Sungur, M, In, J, et al: Ondansetron does not reduce the shivering threshold in healthy volunteers. Br.J.Anaesth. 2006; 96: 732–7.Google Scholar
Asl, ME, Isazadefar, K, Mohammadian, A, Khoshbaten, M: Ondansetron and meperidine prevent postoperative shivering after general anesthesia. Middle.East.Anaesthesiol. 2011; 21: 6770.Google ScholarPubMed
Mokhtarani, M, Mahgoub, AN, Morioka, N, et al: Buspirone and meperidine synergistically reduce the shivering threshold. Anesth.Analg. 2001; 93: 1233–9.Google Scholar
Lin, CM, Neeru, S, Doufas, AG, et al: Dantrolene reduces the threshold and gain for shivering. Anesth.Analg. 2004; 98: 1318–24.Google ScholarPubMed
Kimberger, O, Ali, SZ, Markstaller, M, et al: Meperidine and skin surface warming additively reduce the shivering threshold: a volunteer study. Crit.Care. 2007; 11: R29.Google Scholar
Campbell, G, Alderson, P, Smith, AF, Warttig, S: Warming of intravenous and irrigation fluids for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. Cochrane. Database.Syst.Rev. 2015CD009891.Google Scholar
Madrid, E, Urrútia, G, Roqué i Figuls, M, et al: Active body surface warming systems for preventing complications caused by inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2016; 4: CD009016.Google ScholarPubMed
Wartzek, T, Mühlsteff, J, Imhoff, M: Temperature measurement. Biomed.Tech.(Berl). 2011; 56: 241–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henker, RA, Brown, SD, Marion, DW: Comparison of brain temperature with bladder and rectal temperatures in adults with severe head injury. Neurosurgery. 1998; 42: 1071–5.Google Scholar
Rossi, S, Zanier, ER, Mauri, I, Columbo, A, Stocchetti, N: Brain temperature, body core temperature, and intracranial pressure in acute cerebral damage. J.Neurol.Neurosurg.Psychiatry. 2001; 71: 448–54.Google Scholar
Liu, SK, Chiang, YY, Poon, KS, et al: Thoracotomy for lung lesion does not affect the accuracy of esophageal temperature. Acta.Anaesthesiol.Taiwan. 2013; 51: 116–19.Google Scholar
Lefrant, JY, Muller, L, de La Coussaye, JE, et al: Temperature measurement in intensive care patients: comparison of urinary bladder, oesophageal, rectal, axillary, and inguinal methods versus pulmonary artery core method. Intens.Care.Med. 2003; 29: 414–18.Google Scholar
Mekjavić, IB, Rempel, ME: Determination of esophageal probe insertion length based on standing and sitting height. J.Appl.Physiol. 1990; 69: 376–9.Google Scholar
Makic, MB, Lovett, K, Azam, MF: Placement of an esophageal temperature probe by nurses. AACN Adv. Crit.Care. 2012; 23: 2431.Google Scholar
Wallace, CT, Marks, WE, Adkins, WY, Mahaffey, JE: Perforation of the tympanic membrane, a complication of tympanic thermometry during anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1974; 41: 290–1.Google Scholar
Wang, M, Singh, A, Qureshi, H, Leone, A, Mascha, EJ, Sessler, DI: Optimal depth for nasopharyngeal temperature probe positioning. Anesth.Analg. 2016; 122: 1434–8.Google Scholar
Sinha, PK, Kaushik, S, Neema, PK: Massive epistaxis after nasopharyngeal temperature probe insertion after cardiac surgery. J.Cardiothorac.Vasc.Anesth. 2004; 18: 123–4.Google Scholar
Ciuraru, NB, Braunstein, R, Sulkes, A, Stemmer, SM: The influence of mucositis on oral thermometry: when fever may not reflect infection. Clin.Infect.Dis. 2008; 46: 1859–63.Google Scholar
Torossian, A, Bräuer, A, Höcker, J, Bein, B, Wulf, H, Horn, EP: Preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. Dtsch.Arztebl.Int. 2015; 112: 166–72.Google Scholar
Nierman, DM: Core temperature measurement in the intensive care unit. Crit.Care.Med. 1991; 19: 818–23.Google Scholar
Bräuer, A, Martin, JD, Schuhmann, MU, Braun, U, Weyland, W: Accuracy of intraoperative urinary bladder temperature monitoring during intra-abdominal operations. Anasthesiol.Intensivmed.Notfallmed.Schmerzther. 2000; 35: 435–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Greenes, DS, Fleisher, GR: When body temperature changes, does rectal temperature lag? J.Pediatr. 2004; 144: 824–6.Google Scholar
Weingart, S, Mayer, S, Polderman, K: Rectal probe temperature lag during rapid saline induction of hypothermia after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2009; 80: 837–8.Google Scholar
Kuremu, RT, Hadley, GP, Wiersma, R: Gastro-intestinal tract perforation in neonates. East.Afr.Med.J. 2003; 80: 452–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Kimberger, O, Cohen, D, Illievich, U, Lenhardt, R: Temporal artery versus bladder thermometry during perioperative and intensive care unit monitoring. Anesth.Analg. 2007; 105: 1042–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lefrant, JY, Muller, L, de La Coussaye, JE, et al: Temperature measurement in intensive care patients: comparison of urinary bladder, oesophageal, rectal, axillary, and inguinal methods versus pulmonary artery core method. Intens.Care.Med. 2003; 29: 414–18.Google Scholar
Niven, DJ, Gaudet, JE, Laupland, KB, Mrklas, KJ, Roberts, DJ, Stelfox, HT: Accuracy of peripheral thermometers for estimating temperature: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann.Intern.Med. 2015; 163: 768–77.Google Scholar
Dollberg, S, Mincis, L, Mimouni, FB, Ashbel, G, Barak, M: Evaluation of a new thermometer for rapid axillary temperature measurement in preterm infants. Am.J.Perinatol. 2003; 20: 201–4.Google Scholar
Kimberger, O, Thell, R, Schuh, M, Koch, J, Sessler, DI, Kurz, A: Accuracy and precision of a novel non-invasive core thermometer. Br.J.Anaesth. 2009; 103: 226–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaughan, MS, Cork, RC, Vaughan, RW: Inaccuracy of liquid crystal thermometry to identify core temperature trends in postoperative adults. Anesth.Analg. 1982; 61: 284–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaturvedi, D, Vilhekar, KY, Chaturvedi, P, Bharambe, MS: Reliability of perception of fever by touch. Indian.J. Pediatr. 2003; 70: 871–3.Google Scholar
Dodd, SR, Lancaster, GA, Craig, JV, Smyth, RL, Williamson, PR: In a systematic review, infrared ear thermometry for fever diagnosis in children finds poor sensitivity. J Clin.Epidemiol. 2006; 59: 354–7.Google Scholar
Moran, JL, Peter, JV, Solomon, PJ, et al: Tympanic temperature measurements: are they reliable in the critically ill? A clinical study of measures of agreement. Crit.Care.Med. 2007; 35: 155–64.Google Scholar
Iden, T, Horn, EP, Bein, B, Böhm, R, Beese, J, Höcker, J: Intraoperative temperature monitoring with zero heat flux technology (3 M SpotOn sensor) in comparison with sublingual and nasopharyngeal temperature: An observational study. Eur.J.Anaesthesiol. 2015; 32: 387–91.Google Scholar
Mäkinen, MT, Pesonen, A, Jousela, I, et al: Novel zero-heat-flux deep body temperature measurement in lower extremity vascular and cardiac surgery. J.Cardiothorac.Vasc.Anesth. 2016; 30: 973–8.Google Scholar
Dahyot-Fizelier, C, Lamarche, S, Kerforne, T, et al: Accuracy of zero-heat-flux cutaneous temperature in intensive care adults. Crit.Care.Med. 2017Google Scholar
Gunga, HC, Werner, A, Stahn, A, et al: The Double Sensor – A non-invasive device to continuously monitor core temperature in humans on earth and in space. Respir.Physiol.Neurobiol. 2009; 169 Suppl 1: S63–8.Google Scholar
Kimberger, O, Thell, R, Schuh, M, Koch, J, Sessler, DI, Kurz, A: Accuracy and precision of a novel non-invasive core thermometer. Br.J.Anaesth. 2009; 103: 226–31.Google Scholar
Kimberger, O, Saager, L, Egan, C, et al: The accuracy of a disposable noninvasive core thermometer. Can.J.Anaesth. 2013; 60: 1190–6.Google Scholar
Mendt, S, Maggioni, MA, Nordine, M, et al: Circadian rhythms in bed rest: monitoring core body temperature via heat-flux approach is superior to skin surface temperature. Chronobiol.Int. 2016; 111.Google Scholar
Seip, R, Ebbini, ES: Noninvasive estimation of tissue temperature response to heating fields using diagnostic ultrasound. IEEE.Trans.Biomed.Eng. 1995; 42: 828–39.Google Scholar
Winter, L, Oberacker, E, Paul, K, et al: Magnetic resonance thermometry: methodology, pitfalls and practical solutions. Int.J.Hyperthermia. 2016; 32: 6375.Google Scholar
Fernandes, AA, Moreira, DG, Brito, CJ, et al: Validity of inner canthus temperature recorded by infrared thermography as a non-invasive surrogate measure for core temperature at rest, during exercise and recovery. J.Therm.Biol. 2016; 62: 50–5.Google Scholar
Pereira, CB, Heimann, K, Czaplik, M, Blazek, V, Venema, B, Leonhardt, S: Thermoregulation in premature infants: a mathematical model. J.Therm.Biol. 2016; 62: 159–69.Google Scholar
Grundstein, AJ, Duzinski, SV, Dolinak, D, Null, J, Iyer, SS: Evaluating infant core temperature response in a hot car using a heat balance model. Forensic.Sci. Med. Pathol. 2015; 11: 1319.Google Scholar
Laxminarayan, S, Buller, MJ, Tharion, WJ, Reifman, J: Human core temperature prediction for heat-injury prevention. IEEE.J.Biomed.Health.Inform. 2015; 19: 883–91.Google Scholar
Hirshberg, A, Sheffer, N, Barnea, O: Computer simulation of hypothermia during “damage control” laparotomy. World.Surg. 1999; 23: 960–5.Google Scholar
Chan, LS, Cheung, GT, Lauder, IJ, Kumana, CR, Lauder, IJ: Screening for fever by remote-sensing infrared thermographic camera. J.Travel.Med. 2004; 11: 273–9.Google Scholar
Bräuer, A, English, MJ, Sander, H, Timmermann, A, Braun, U, Weyland, W: Construction and evaluation of a manikin for perioperative heat exchange. Acta.Anaesthesiol.Scand. 2002; 46: 4350.Google Scholar
Bräuer, A, English, MJ, Steinmetz, N, et al: Comparison of forced-air warming systems with upper body blankets using a copper manikin of the human body. Acta.Anaesthesiol.Scand. 2002; 46: 965–72.Google Scholar
Nightingale, S, Wynne, L, Cassey, J: Convection heating in pediatric general surgery – a comparison of warming alternatives in a mannequin study. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2006; 16: 663–8.Google Scholar
Buisson, P, Bach, V, Elabbassi, EB, et al: Assessment of the efficiency of warming devices during neonatal surgery. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol. 2004; 92: 694–7.Google Scholar
Bussmann, O, Nahm, W, Konecny, E: A model for simulating heat transfer and thermoregulation of premature infants. Biomed.Tech.(Berl). 1998; 43 Suppl: 300–1.Google Scholar
Lam, TK, Leung, DT: More on simplified calculation of body-surface area [letter]. N.Engl.J.Med. 1988; 318 (17): 1130.Google Scholar
Ultman, JS: Computational model for insensible water loss from the newborn. Pediatrics. 1987; 79: 760–5.Google Scholar
Fiala, D, Havenith, G, Bröde, P, Kampmann, B, Jendritzky, G: UTCI-Fiala multi-node model of human heat transfer and temperature regulation. Int.J.Biometeorol. 2012; 56: 429–41.Google Scholar
Yang, J, Weng, W, Wang, F, Song, G: Integrating a human thermoregulatory model with a clothing model to predict core and skin temperatures. Appl.Ergon. 2017; 61: 168–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Havenith, G, Fiala, D: Thermal indices and thermophysiological modeling for heat stress. Compr.Physiol. 2015; 6: 255302.Google Scholar
Fu, M, Weng, W, Chen, W, Luo, N: Review on modeling heat transfer and thermoregulatory responses in the human body. J.Therm.Biol. 2016; 62: 189200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, Z, Honar, H, Sessler, DI, et al: Intraoperative core temperature patterns, transfusion requirement, and hospital duration in patients warmed with forced air. Anesthesiology. 2015; 122: 276–85.Google Scholar
Perl, T, Peichl, LH, Reyntjens, K, Deblaere, I, Zaballos, JM, Bräuer, A: Efficacy of a novel prewarming system in the prevention of perioperative hypothermia. A prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Minerva.Anestesiol. 2014; 80: 436–43.Google Scholar
Engorn, BM, Kahntroff, SL, Frank, KM, et al: Perioperative hypothermia in neonatal intensive care unit patients: effectiveness of a thermoregulation intervention and associated risk factors. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2017; 27: 196204.Google Scholar
Wetz, AJ, Perl, T, Brandes, IF, Harden, M, Bauer, M, Bräuer, A: Unexpectedly high incidence of hypothermia before induction of anesthesia in elective surgical patients. J.Clin.Anesth. 2016; 34: 282–9.Google Scholar
Sessler, DI, McGuire, J, Sessler, AM: Perioperative thermal insulation. Anesthesiology. 1991; 74: 875–9.Google Scholar
Hynson, JM, Sessler, DI: Intraoperative warming therapies: a comparison of three devices. J.Clin.Anesth. 1992; 4: 194–9.Google Scholar
Kimberger, O, Held, C, Stadelmann, K, et al: Resistive polymer versus forced-air warming: comparable heat transfer and core rewarming rates in volunteers. Anesth.Analg. 2008; 107: 1621–6.Google Scholar
Brandes, IF, Müller, C, Perl, T, Russo, SG, Bauer, M, Bräuer, A: Efficacy of a novel warming blanket: prospective randomized trial. Anaesthesist. 2013; 62: 137–42.Google Scholar
Bernard, SA, Smith, K, Cameron, P, et al: Induction of prehospital therapeutic hypothermia after resuscitation from nonventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Crit.Care.Med. 2012; 40: 747–53.Google Scholar
Hegazy, AF, Lapierre, DM, Butler, R, Althenayan, E: Temperature control in critically ill patients with a novel esophageal cooling device: a case series. BMC.Anesthesiol. 2015; 15: 152.Google Scholar
Davis, JS, Rodriguez, LI, Quintana, OD, et al: Use of a warming catheter to achieve normothermia in large burns. J.Burn.Care.Res. 2013; 34: 191–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×