This final chapter integrates the previous chapters, their cases and concepts, and seeks to answer the book’s overall questions. The chapters in this book help readers understand the struggles that ensue as “modern” water policies and powerful water use and governance actors confront existing forms of control rooted in the cultures and identities of user groups and their networks. The book questions emerging water allocation patterns and governance arrangements, including the ways they are legitimized in policies or scientific discourses. Conflicts and possible answers go beyond the issue of equal access to water, as questions of water justice are entangled with larger political and economic doctrines. Different forms of interacting with – accessing, knowing, governing – water also form an important ingredient of cultural ways to be and belong, providing normative repertoires for expressing existential philosophies and cosmologies. In this way, the book shows that water provides an illuminating entry-point for grappling with wider environmental and societal justice dilemmas; dilemmas that lie at the heart of contemporary attempts to re-think and re-model human-nature relations.